US255779A - Steam and hot-air engine - Google Patents

Description

2 sheets sheet 1.

(No Model.)

* B. G. FRYKBERG.

STEAM AND HOT'AIR ENGINE.

Patented Apr. 4,18 82-.

N. Prrzns Phmwmho m ner. Washington. D. c.

2 sheets-Sheena (No Model.)

B. G. FRYKBERG,

\ STEAM AND HOT AIR ENGINE.

Patented Apr. 4,1882.

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UNITED STATES,

PATENT OFFICE;

. ERIK Gr. FRYKBERG, OF NEWARK, NEW? JERSEY.

STEAM AND HOT-AIR ENGINEV SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 255,779, dated April 4, 1852.

7 Application filed July .2, [881. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, E. G. FRYKBERG, a subject of the Kingdom of Sweden,residing in the city of Newark, county of Essex, and State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Steam and Hot-Air Engines, fully described and represented in the following specification and accompanying drawings, forming a part of the same.

My invention relates to an improvement in hot-air engines; and it consists, first, in the mechanism described for returning the hot air to the generator after operating expansively in a motor; and, secondly, in a mechanism for .introducing compressed cold air or a mixture of air and a suitable gas or vapor into the gen-- erator before beating the same for use in a motor.

My improvements will be understood by reference to the annexed drawings, in which Figure 1 is a plan of an engine constructed with my improvements, the'cylinders, valves, and valve-chests being shown in section. Fig. 2 is a diagram of volumes before and after expansion. 'Fig. 3 is an elevation of the engine, the generator, and theirrespective connections.

The operation of my apparatus would be nearly the same whether the motive agent were merely air or a mixture of air and steam or other gases, as my inventionfipraetically treats the same as a mere medium for the convenient transfer of heat from one point to another, the heat being converted into power in a manner already well known when imparted to air or gases and applied to a moving piston. The air or gases act very much under such circumstances like a spring in which, when bent, is stored up the same power which .is liberated whenitmoves back to its initial position. Such gases therefore, after operating expansively in a motor, and thus expending power without any continued supply of-heat, will be found to occupy less space when compressed to their initial pressure than before such expenditure of power and consequent loss of heat. This fact is illustrated in the diagram W shown in Fig. 2, where i j represent the length and t k the width of the cylinder in which the gases operate expansively. The hot air being admitted to a point, I, the pressure diminishes to a point, m, when the end of the stroke is reached. Ifthe piston were then to make a return-stroke and compress the same gases in operating expansive] y or using the back-stroke of the motor-cylinders piston for that purpose, A being the bed-plate of the engine, B the bearings at one end of, the same for the crankshaft, 0 the motor-cylinder, D the piston, E the generator, F the piston-rod, G the connecting-rod to crank H, and Ithe crank-shaft, carrying a fly-wheel, J.

The cylinderG is formed with ports leading to avalve-chest, b, provided withlap slide-valve c, operated by eccentric K, as usual. Any other means may be employed for admitting the air to operate expansively in the cylinder'O.

L is the exhaust-pipe from the motor to the generator, and is provided with a branch, L, leading to an inlet, 0, upon the valve-chest b of the compressing-cylinderU. The pipe L is shown provided with a stop-cock, M and a check valve, M, to regulate the movement'of the exhausttas desired, and to retain the compressed gases in". the generator. The compressed gasesmay be led from the chest b directly to the generator, but are shown in the drawings conducted by a pipe, 11, into the exhaust-pipe L beyond the cock M, and by such pipe to the generator. The pipe at has aclieckvalve,f,- but the same may be dispensed with. The hot air or gases pass to the chest I) by a. pipe, N, havinga throttle-valve, O, and escape from the same into the exhaust-pipe L by outlet a.

A valve, a, is shown in chest I), connected by an eccentric, T, upon the crank-shaft I, 5

passes thence into the compressing-cylinder U, from which it is forced back into the generator, or, if desirable, it is by the backstroke of the piston of motor-cylinder O forced back to the generator E without the assistance of the compressing-cylinder U, the cranks H and S being set at nearly right angles, that the maximum power of the motor may be exerted upon the piston of the compressor when the motive agent is operating most efficiently.

From the principles first stated itis obvious that, although the final pressure of'the hot air or gases after expansion may be less than the pressure in the generator, it will have given out power enough when expanding and operating upon the fly-wheel or its equivalent to operate the compressing-cylinderand produce other useful power.

To obviate the use of the high temperature commonly employed to generate a pressure in hot air or gases is the object of the second part of my invention. Such object is attained either by admitting to the generator before starting the engine, from any suitable receptacle, (properly connected to said generator by suitable pipe and valve,) sufticiently compressed air or a mixture of air and other gases, or it is accomplished by application 'of a pump for compressing the contents of the generator. This pump is shown at V, operated by an eccentric, g, upon the main shaft connected to the pump-rod. The eccentric-rod may, before starting the engine and when desired, be disconnected from the pumps pistonrod and worked by hand or other power applied to properly-arranged handle or lever, in the same manner as is used for reversing the motion of a single-cylinder steam-engine; or the pump may be operated by a crank on a separate shaft, which by aid of proper gearing can be connected to or disconnected from the main shaft, and by properly applying hand or other power to the separate shaft the pump may be operated independently of the engine. Other suitable means may be applied for the same purpose, By the use ot'such devices the quantity of air or gases contained in the generator before heating may be largely increased and the initial pressure carried up to four atmospheres or any other desired point. When heat is applied to such compressed air each initial volume expands nearly in the same ratio as if uncompressed, and the total efi'ect is equal to the sum of all the expansions combined. Thus a temperature which would expand air half an atmosphere, or seven and onehalf pounds, would raise air already compressed to sixty pounds a proportionate amountfifty per cent.--and produce apressare of ninety pounds--a gain of thirty pounds, instead of seven and one-half.

It the entire apparatus operated without leakage, the compressed air could be heated, used in the motor, and returned again to the generator without any fresh supply of the m 0- tor-fluid; but that is impossible in practice, and the force-pump V serves to maintain the desired compression of the gasesin the generator by supplying the loss of volumefrom time to time. By such mechanism it will be seen that hot air may be made as eflicient as steam for a motor, and that the loss of heat may be prevented, as in certain forms of steam-engines. The excessive temperature common in air-motors may also be avoided and lubrication secured by any suitable means.

I am aware that certainele'ments of my invention are not new in themselves, as the combination of a force-pump with a generator; but such combination has heretofore been employed to supply a fluid for constant consumption. While the essential object of my combination is to introduce into a generator a. volume of compressed air or a mixture of air and and other gases while comparatively cold, that the application of heat may be more efficient in producing increased pressure.

I therefore claim as my invention as follows:

The combination, with a hot-air motor operating expansively and forcing the contents of the motor-cylinder back into the generator either by means of a separate compressingpump or by the back-stroke of the motoreylinder piston, of a suitable generator for heating the hot air or a mixture of hot air and gas or vapor, and a pump for providing the generator with compressed air or gases before starting the engine and for restoring such amount of air or gases as may be lost by leakage or otherwise, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

E. G. FRYKBERG.

Witnesses:

J can A. RODRIGO, Tnos. S. CRANE.

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