US2557104A

US2557104A - Hollow spinning or twisting member

Info

Publication number: US2557104A
Application number: US991A
Authority: US
Inventors: Hegediis Ede
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1943-09-09
Filing date: 1948-01-07
Publication date: 1951-06-19
Anticipated expiration: 1968-06-19

Description

June 19, 1951 y E. 'HEGEDus 2,557,104

HoLLowsPINNING 0R TwIs'rING MEMBER Filed Jan. 7, 1948 v 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 v F19 2 52 so 31 2A N y .lume i9, 195i v E. HEGEDUs I 2,557,104 HOLLOW SPINNING 0R 'rwIsTING MEMBER Filed Jan. 7, 194s sheets-sheet 2 pff/f `rIIIIIIIIIIII June 19, 1951 E. HEGEDUs 2,557,104

HOLLOW SPINNING 0R TWISTING Filed Jan. 7, 1948 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 In Ven far fe #e edf June w, 1951 E. HEGEQUS g HOLLOW SPINNING 0R TwsTING mmm Filed Jan. '7, 1948 4 Sheets$heet 4 Venier" y de /efdef iHv/hey v Patented June 19, 19.51

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE Application January 7, 1948, Serial No. 991 In Hungary September 9, 1943 Section 1, Public Law 690, August 8, 1946 Patent expires September 9, 1963 18 Claims. l

The present application covers improvements in and relating to twisting devices for temporary twisting, twisting members adapted for use therewith and spinning or twisting machines equipped with such twisting devices.

There are.several uses in the spinning and twisting industries for twisting devices adapted to give a twistable material, such as a single, or cabled yarn or thread passing through them, a temporary or false twist. It is obviously important with any of such devices that the threading-in should be accomplished with a minimum amount of time. The twisting devices or false twisters heretofore known were however not satisfactory from this point of view, as even in the most improved devices the twister head had to be taken out or the Whole device stopped in a prescribed position in order to render possible the threading-in of the yarn.

The present invention is based upon the astonishing discovery'that the yarn can be introduced laterally into a properly designed twisting device while the twisting member or twister head is running at full speed in such manner that the yarn is brought automatically into its twisting position and does not leave this position during the twising operation, so that the threading-in into the new false twister in accordance with the invention does not require substantially more time than the insertion of the yarn into an ordinary thread-guide on a ring-frame. Accordingly, the principal object of the present invention is a twisting device comprising a twistiii'g member provided with a lateral slit, bearing means for said twisting member having at least one laterally open section, and driving means located in such a manner as to leave free the passage through the said open section of the bearing of the twisting member, wherein the surfaces of the bearing means and those of the slit of the twisting member form a passage through which the twistable material is introduced laterally during the rotation of the twisting member, while the outer surface of the twisting member is designed in such a manner that only the lateral slit is adapted to take with the twistable material in the prescribed direction of rotation of the twisting member, so that the twistable material can be introduced into the rotating twisting member, laterally, at any point of its length, and without threading in the end of a yarn.

The mechanical requirements that two guiding surfaces rotating relatively one to another form a free passage for a yarn moving in a certain direction, and that the yarn should not become Cal wedged between these rotating surfaces, and should not get cut or broken in consequence thereof, can be derived from the laws of mechanics relating to friction. Accordingly a knowledge of the present invention as hereinafter particularly described enables those skilled in the art to design such surfaces without difficulty. The technical achievement and effect attained by the invention, however, is new and surprising because, with regard to the great number of the twisting devices heretofore known and proposed, and to the fact that none of these devices has been adapted for threading in during the rotation, it was not to be foreseen that with a proper design of the twisting device a cotton yarn having a very little tensile strength could smoothly enter the slit of the twisting member rotating at a speed of 10,000 revolutions per minute, the said slit having a width of but a few tenths of a millimeter.

, The twisting device according to the invention differs fundamentally from the previously known twisting devices Whose twisting heads and bearings are provided with narrow slots which can be brought into alignment to render possible the lateral insertion of the yarn into the previously stopped twister head through the said slots, because the contacting edges of the slots arranged in this manner would act as a pair of scissors and cut the yarn if it came between them during the rotation of the twisting member.

The yarn brought into contact with the surface of the twisting member through the open section of the bearing can jump into a slit even if it is parallel to the axis of rotation of the twisting member. The introduction of the yarn, however, is rendered smoother and easier when the slit is arranged obliquely in such a manner that the yarn, lagging with reference to the rotating twisting member, is caused by this lagging to slip into the slit and through the said slit inwardly in a direcion towards its twisting position. For this purpose the slit may be arranged obliquely both axially and radially. It is suitable and promotes the threading in, when the angle of inclination of the slit is unchanging throughout its length, though a slit following an undulating course not exceeding a certain limit does not hinder the threading in during the rotation. It is particularly simple and very advantageous solution to arrange the slit in a plane forming a suitable angle with the axis.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention the relative position of the slit and the members in irictional engagement with the yarn, is designed in such a manner that the slipping out of the yarn through the said slit is prevented by these parts without the provision of closing means for the slit.

In certain cases it is sufficient for this purpose to arrange the slit obliquely 'as hereinbefore already mentioned in connection with the introduction of the yarn.

In a preferred embodiment of the twister head or twisting member adapted to be used in the false twister according to the present inven tion, yarn engaging members are provided which are in frictional engagement with the twistable material, and impart the friction necessary for twisting. Guiding surfaces are also provided to lead the said twistable material into its twisting position on the said yarn engaging members during and in consequence of the rotation of the twisting member and under the influence of the lateral components of the external forces acting upon the said twistable material during the threading-in as well as of the inertia of the twistable material. The said yarn engaging members and the guiding surfaces leading to them from the slit of the twisting member are constructed and arranged so as to prevent any substantial outward displacement of the twistable material.

'I'hese and other features of the invention will be best understood and appreciated from the following description of some preferred embodiments thereof, selected for purposes of illustration and shown in the accompanying drawings in which Fig. 1 is a sectional elevation of one embodiment of the invention taken on line I-I of Fig. 2,

Fig. 2 is a view of the same from below,

Fig. 3 is a top plan view of one embodiment of the twisting member,

Fig. 4 is a sectional elevation of the same according to line V--li of Fig. 3,

5 is a sectional elevation view of another embodiment of the twisting member and the twisting device, taken in line V-V of Fig. 6,

Fig. 6 is a top plan view of the same,

Fig. 'I is a longitudinal section of a detail of the twisting member according to Fig. 5 on a still larger scale.

Figs. 8, 9 and 10 represent another constructional form of the twisting member, Fig. 8 being a side elevation, Fig. 9 an end view and Fig. 10 a. view in perspective of the twisting member in a very enlarged scale.

Fig. 11 is a diagrammatical illustration of a preferred use of the twisting device.

The twisting member I I provided with a lateral slit is supported floating between the rollers I2, I 3 and I4. It is prevented from falling out by flanges 28 which are also intersected by the slit 2U. The rollers I2, I3 and I4 are mounted on the support I5 which is pivcted to the plate I8 by the hinge I6 said plate I8 being secured.

to some part of a machine frame I9. The support is held yieldingly in its operative position by the cam arrangementV I1.

The roller I2 is rotatably supported by the arm 3l which can swing about the pivot 30. The spring 32 urgesto the arm 3i inward, in such a manner that the twisting member is yieldingly pressed by the roller I2 into engagement with the rollers I3 and I4. The mounting of the roller I2 on the pivoted arm 3I renders possible the removal of the twisting member simply by pulling it from between the rollers, and also the use of twisting members of dierent sizes in the same device. According to the embodiment as 4, shown, the twisting member is driven by means of the roller I4 which latter may be operated, as shown in Fig. 11, by means of a friction wheel 34 secured to the shaft 3l.

Through the broad opening of the support I6 between the rollers, the yarn or the like may be brought into contact with the surface of the twisting member II. The yarn touching the periphery of the twisting member is then caught by the forward end of the slit 2i) and enters through this slit into the twisting member. As is apparent from Figures 1 and 2 the yarn entering the slit of the twisting member at one of the flanges 28 can not get jammed owing to the fact that it can come into contact with the surface of o ne of the rollers (e. g. roller I3); on the contrary the surface of the roller, acting as an inclined plane. pushes the yarn forward into the slit. It does not cause a Jamming of the yarn either when the yarn comes by chance between the roller and the twisting member, because thef` contact of the roller and of the twisting member is yielding, so that the yarn can pass between them. By reason of the play or give thus provided between the twisting member and the.4L means by which it is supported, the material being twisted can pass between the supporting means and the twisting member without being sheared.

The slit 20 of the twisting member, associated with guiding passages 2I and 22 at its ends, according to the embodiment herein shown, is arranged in a plane oblique to the axis of rotation. The arrangement of the said plane is such that the yarn entering at the opening of the passage 22 and lagging with reference to the rotating twisting member is caused by the rotation of the.,A twisting member to travel inwardly through the slit and the guiding passages 2| and 22, towards its twisting position. s

The parts of the twisting member which are in frictional engagement with the yarn areV formed according to a preferred embodiment of f the invention by preferably central eyelets at both ends of'the twisting member and by a further guide member arranged in such a manner that their yarn engaging points are not in one straight line, and they guide the yarn in an undulating line.

This desigin and arrangement of the parts in frictional engagement with the yarn is advantageousv from the point of view of the invention, as the guiding of the yarn into its undulating position in the eyelets and on the guide member is very simple. In Figs. 1 to 4 the eyelets are shown as consisting of

central bores

24 and 25 in the end plates of the twisting member, and the further guide member as a rod 26 extending transversely of the twisting member. The radial distance of the yarn engaging surface of the guide rod 25 from the axis of the twisting member is greater than the radius of the central bores sa that the yarn is forced to travel an undulating path.

In order to reduce the longitudinal frictional resistance of the yarn and to diminish the wear of it, the edges of the

means

24, 25, 26 coming into contact with theyarn are preferably rounded o. For this purpose the guide member 26 may have a surface of rotation and in Figs. 1 to 4 it is shown as a cylindrical bolt.

The passage 22 lying ahead of the other passage and arranged at the output end of the twisting member is substantially straight and opens laterally into the eyelet from a tangential position, in order to render it more difiicult for the yarn to slip out of the eyelet into the passage. The passage arranged at the entrance side of the twisting member and lying further back with reference to the direction of rotation, leads first into the opening 23, and changing its direction at about 180 opens into the upper 'eyelet 24. The directions -in which the yarn passes from the two passages into the two eyelets, form accordingly an angle of about 270, making thus more difficult a substantial displacement of the yarn from its twisting position.

As shown in Fig. 11, at the low'er side of the twisting member the ballooning of the yarn takes place, where the yarn is gyrating substantially at the same rate as the twisting member. Accordingly at this side the direction of the lateral component of the yarn stress does not vary at a greater degree relatively to the twisting member during one revolution of the same. Consequently the yarn guiding path on this side does not bend considerably either. The course of the yarn in this path has its only sudden change of direction at the point where the yarn jumps laterally into the eyelet 25. On the contrary, at the upper side, the yarn held obliquely to the axis of rotation makes a full revolution relatively to the twisting member during each revolution thereof and during the revolution of the twisting member the stress acting upon the yarn at this side will have a component coinciding with the longitudinal direction of the passage at any point of the latter even in that case when the passage bends with an arc of 180 or more, in a sense opposite to that of the rotation. A passage bent in such a high degree may render considerably diicult a substantial displacement of the yarn from its twisting position in cooperation with a less bent or substantially straight guiding path meeting the corresponding eyelet from a different direction.

In the end surface of the twisting member a further large opening 23a is formed besides the large opening 23 as shown in Figs. 2 to 4. The said openings serve together with the openings possibly arranged also in the Wall surfaces of the twisting member as in Fig. to let the waste or ooze to'y out, which could otherwise fill up the twisting member, rendering thus impossible the threading in during rotation, and could cause yarn breakage too.

A curved rod 3'5 may also be arranged on the twisting device if it is desirable to damp the vibrations of the yarn entering the twisting member.

In case of the embodiment shown in Figs. 1 to 4, the twisting member is provided with flanges at both ends, embracing the rollers. It may be, however, sutlicient to provide a flange only at the upper end, to prevent the twisting member from falling out, as the force acting upon it has generally always the same downward direction.

According to Figs. 5 and 6 the axial displacement of the twisting member is hindered by flanges provided on the rollers.

According to this form, the twisting member is supported by the rollers, 54, 55, 56 which may be arranged substantially in the same manner as the rollers l2, I3 and I4. In this case the twisting member consists of the end plates 5| and 53 and of the sheet metal ring 52 snapped into the preferably outwardly

inclined grooves

51 and 58 in the said plates. The slit or gap 59 is bounded by the oblique edges of the sheet metal ring and opens into the

passages

62 and 63 formed in the end plates 5| and 52 and leading to the central openings B0 and 6|. The grooves '51 and 58 are In case of the constructional forms according` to the previous iigures the rod forming the lateral guide member has been arranged in a stationary manner. In order to avoid the inconvenience that the yarn may cut in the guide member, the rod, bolt or shaft may be arranged in such a manner that it can be turned, e. g. by means o! a tool, or, as shown in Figs. 5 and 7, it rotates continuously with the longitudinal movement of the yarn. The rotatable guide member may have the advantage that not only a cutting in is avoided but also the axial resistance of the yarn is limited to a value which corresponds to the force necessary to rotate the shaft or bolt. The circumferential friction which is important from the view of point of twisting remains hereby unchanged and may be-even increased by the concave designof the bolt or shaft as shown in Fig. l0.

In the constructional form, according to Figs.

5 and 7 the pointed ends 68 of the guide bolt 66 are rotatably supported by the bearing like ends of the casing 61, the latter being provided with a recess in the middle in order to insure the free passage of the yarn. Through this arrangement it is rendered more diicult for dust or ooze to get deposited 'in the bearings of the l shaft or bolt 6B. y

The openings and other elements having a ventilating effect as mentioned above, may be used also in connection with the last mentioned constructional form of the twisting member. Besides that, the upper end surface 5| of the twisting member may be made for example convex so that the dust and fiber fragments settling on this surface can easily y off again. The said surface 5| may be provided also with radial grooves 5|a to assist in keeping it clean by means of a radial current of air set up through the action of the grooves as wheel blades.

Figures 8 to 10 show another construction of the twisting member. At the ends of the said twisting member having an outer surface of the body or wall portion shaped to form a surface of revolution and provided with flanges 80 and 8| at both ends, furthermore with a lateral slit 82, 'there are arranged

elongated guide members

83 and 84, formed for example of steel wire, extending from the periphery of the twisting member towards its axis. The inner free ends of the

guide members

83 and 84 are bent to form ring-shaped eyelets (centralizing members) and 86 respectively. The said

guide members

83 and 84 are tapered toward their free ends 81 and 88, which are made to bend over the stem, so as to form substantially closed centralizing eyelets or rings. As is herein shown, the entrance openings of both of the eyelets formed by the turned back end portions of the wire member lie with reference to the direction of rotation on the same side of the corresponding wire stem. The

members

83 and 84 are placed on one side of the slit 82, while the third guiding member 89 which, according to Fig. 10 is shaped as a bolt, is located on the other side of the slit, which latter side lies in front in the direction of rotation indicated by the arrow on Fig. 10. In order to increase the surface engaging the yarn circumferentially, a concave part, formed as a groove 90 is provided in the bolt 89. assisting at the same time to keep the yarn in its central position. The slit 82 is widened at its end 9| lying in front in the direction of rothree rollers.

tation. This is instrumental in facilitating the slipping in of the yarn or thread into the slit of the rotating member. I

In the body or wallportion of the 'twisting member there arev

openings

92 and 93, adapted to cause a current of air through the twisting member in order to remove dust'or fiber fragments from the interior of the member.

According to the embodiments hitherto described the twisting member has been prevented from falling out from its bearings-by means of flanges. The invention is, however, by no means limited to the use of flanges, as the axial displacement of the twisting member is, of course, always prevented if all or some of the surfaces of the bearing or bearings and those ofthe twisting member are not cylindrical bodies of rotation. For example when the surface of the twist f ing member ls spherical, the axis of the twisting member may assume its most favorable position automatically. f i

In the forms of the invention as above'described, the twisting lmember is supported by Although this construction has many advantages, particularly in case of the frictional drive of the twisting member, the invention is not limited to this specific arrangement. The basic requirement is that the bearing does not entirely surround the twisting member but has 'an open section having the characteristics set forth in the present specification and claims. The invention is similarly not limited to the particular kind of drive herein shown although In the spinning or twisting machine according.

' to 11 the twistable material coming irom the drafting rollers, and passing perhaps over I the vibration damping bar 3l, enters the twisting member il which gives a temporary cr false twist having the same direction as the twist given by the spindle 31 to the twistable material between the front rollers and itself, thereby increasing its strength substantially. The yarn leaving the twisting member is wound up on the bobbin on the spindle after having passed the traveller revolving upon the ring 38. The twisting member Il is driven by the roller I l, operated by the friction wheel 34 mounted on the shaft 35. The shaft 35 may `drive at the same time several twisting devices. When the support i5 is pivoted upwardly around the hinge I6, the driving engagement is broken between the iriction wheel. the twisting device comes toihalt, andthe cop may b. taken off from the spindle.

Depending upon the ratio of the angular velocy ities of the twisting member, on the one hand.

and of the traveller,"on the other hand, the tem- -justed also inl this case over-twist by means of: the twisting member ac cording to the invention to tween'the frame Il and the plate I8 while also` the friction wheel-is preferably adjustable along its shaft. in'order to take up the position corresponding to the adjustment of the twisting Adelvice in that direction. The centering of the axis ofthe twisting member with respect to the axis of the spindle may also beeifected by interposing. between the rollers I2, Il; Il twisting members of different sizes. 4The correct number otrevolutionsof the 'twisting member is to be ad- 'whe'el on its shaft.

position of the axis of rotation ofthe twisting member, in view of the difference of the direction of thetwistablematerial coming from the draftf ing system, and 4that of the axis of. the spindle.'

the angular position of the twisting device may be made adjustable about the hinge I6.

v Ifhe twisting device has been shown in Fig. 11 in connection with'a ring frame. `The device may be obviously used in connection with other spinning frames,- for instance a flyer frame too.

Althoughthe use of the twisting device in the place of the thread guide of a spinning frame is particularly important and it has aparticular technical elect in this combination, the inventionis not limitedto its use in connection with spinning frames.

I claim:

A 1. A device for able material comprising. a twisting member having substantially the form of a'body of revolution and having a substantially axial passageway for the twistable material and a Ylateral slot extend*-A ing `the full length of the twisting member and forming "a e from the periphery of the twisting member to said axialfpassageway, said slot being inclined with reference to the axis of said member. means for rotatably supporting thev twisting member, the supporting means having at least one open section affording free lateral movement ofthe twistable material therethrough to the twisting member when the latter is rotating at' high speed. the adjacent surfaces of the twisting member and supporting means which are engaged by said twistable material when moved laterally toward and into engagement with the twisting' member being inclined rela tive to one another so that rotation of the twist ing member causes the'twistable material to be taken by and moved into said slot.

porary twist given by the twisting member Il may be either untwisted in part (if the angular 1 velocity-of the twisting member is higher than Athat of the traveller) or left thesame or'increased through the spindle and the traveller (ii the angular velocity of the latter' is the-same I lor higl1 r than that of the twisting member), the p z. A device for imparting false twist to twistable material comprising a twisting member having substantially the form of'a body of revolution and having a substantially-axial passageway for the twistable material and a lateral slot extending the full length of the twisting member and forming a passage from the periphery of the twisting member to the axial passageway, the leading edge of said slot being bevelled to permit entry of the twistable materialinto the slot when the twisting member is rotating at high speed. the outer periphery of the twisting member being smooth except for said slot, and means engaging the outerv periphery of the twisting member for rotatably supporting said member, the support" ing means having at least one open section afford ing'free lateral movement of the twistable material therethrough to the twisting member and by displacing the friction' In order toA obtain the most favorable angular 1 imparting false l twist to twist:

means for rotatably supporting the twisting member comprising at least three rollers rotatable on axes parallel to that of the twisting member, the. rollers and twisting member having cooperating surfaces to prevent axial displacement of the twisting member at least in one direction, at least two of the rollers being spaced apart to provide between them an open space through whichthe twistable material can be moved laterally into contact with the twisting member to be taken by said slot and to move through said slot to the axial passageway of the twisting member.

4. A twisting device according to claim 3, iny

which driving means is provided for driving at least one of the rollers and thereby rotating the twisting member through frictional engagement of said roller with the twisting member.

5. A twisting device according to claim 3, in which means is provided for resiliently supporting at least one of the rollers, said roller being resillently urged toward the twisting member,

6. A device for imparting false twist to twistable material comprising a twisting member having a peripheral surface constituting a surface of revolution and having a substantially axial passageway for the twistable material and a'slot extending inwardly from the periphery of the twisting member for its full length and communieating with the axial passageway to provide a passage for lateral movement of the twistable material from the periphery of the twisting member to the axial passageway and means for rotatably supporting the twisting member comprising spaced rollers between which the twisting member is rotatably held, two of said rollersv being spaced apart to provide between them a clear space through which the twistable material can be moved laterally into contact with the twisting member to be received in said slot while the twisting member is rotating at high speed and driving means for rotating the twisting member about its axis; the clear space between said two rollers being unobstructed by said driving means.

7. A device for imparting a twist to twistable material comprisinga rotary twisting member having a peripheral surface constituting a surface of revolution and having a passageway for the twistable material extending through the twisting member in an axialdirection and a slot extending inwardly from the periphery of the twisting member and communicating with said passageway to permit the lateral insertion of the twistable material into said twisting member, at least a portion of said slot being oblique relative to the radius of the twisting member, in a direction that causes the lag of the twistable material when inserted laterally into the twisting member rotating at high speed to move the twistable material into, and retain it in, said axial passageway, and means vfor rotatably supporting l0 Y l. twisting member to permit lateral insertion of the twistable material while the twisting member is rotating at high speed, the adjacent surfaces of the twisting member and supporting means which are engaged by said twistable material when moved laterally toward and into engagement with the twisting member being inclined relative to one another so that rotation of the twisting member causes the twistable material to be taken by and move into said slot. j

8. A device for imparting a'twist to twistable n material comprising a rotary twisting member having a peripheral surface constituting a surface of revolution and having a passageway for the twistable material extending through the twisting member in an axial direction and a slot extending inwardly from the periphery of the twisting member and communicating with said passageway to permit the lateral insertion of the twistable material into said twisting member, said slot being disposed obliquely relative to the axis of the twisting member,. and means for rotatably supporting the twisting member, said supporting means having an opening extending the full length of the twisting member to permit lateral insertion of the twistable material while the twisting member is rotating at high speed, the adjacent surfaces of the twisting member and supporting means which are engaged by said twistable material when moved laterally toward and into engagement with the twisting member being inclined relative to one another so that rotation of the twisting member causes the twistable material to be taken by and move into said slot.

9. A twisting device for imparting a twist to twistable material comprising a .twisting member having a peripheral wall having substantially the form of a b'ody vof revolution, a slot through said wall throughout its length, said slot leading to `the interior of the twisting member, .a guiding eyelet at each of the opposite ends of the twisting member substantially in line with the longitudinal axis of said member, said eyelets confining the twistable material to the center of the twisting member and being open at one side to receive the twistable material, guiding surfaces for guiding the twistable material from the slot to the openy ings of said eyelets, a rounded surface disposed the twisting member, said supporting means havapproximately midway between said eyelets and suillciently out of line therewith to cause the twistable material to follow a non-rectilinear path from one eyelet to the other, and means for rotatably supporting the twisting member, said supporting means having an opening extending the full length of the twisting member to permit lateral insertionyof the twistable material into the twisting member while the latter is rotating at high speed.

10. A twisting device according to claim 9. in

lwhich the slot is oblique with reference to the 13. A twisting device according to claim 9, in

which the said rounded surface between the eyelets has a concave portion to receive the twistable material.

14. In a device for imparting a twist to twistber substantially in line with the longitudinal axis of said member, each of said eyelets being open at one-side to receive twistable material inserted through said slot, .said slot being the only part on the outer Ysurface of the twisting member that can catch and take twistable material moved laterally into contact with the twisting member when the latter is rotating in the prescribed direction, and a rounded member extending approximately diametrically across the hollow twisting member intermediate the said eyelets in a" position to engage twistable material extending between the eyelets.

15,. A twisting member according tociaim 14, in which the slot is oblique to the longitudinal axisof said member.

1a-A twisting member aceording to claim 14, Y in which said 'rounded member is rotatableabout an axisextending transversely of theltwisting member.

17. In a device for twisting twistable material,

a twisting member comprising a circular spring.

sheet metal wall portion, two end members having portions to engage and hold the sheet metal wall portion by resilient deformation, a gap being left between the edges of the (sheet metal of the wall portion to forma slot extending throughout the length of the twisting member', the end mem- 1 bers having eyelets in their central portions and openings leading from the said slot to said eyelets and a friction member extending transversely of the twisting member between the two end members in Aa position to engage twistable material extending between said eyelets.

18. A device for twisting twistable material comprising a. twisting member having a peripheral wall'with an outer surface having substantially the form of a surface of revolution, an oblique slot through said wall, said slot extending the full length of the twisting member and opening into the interior of the said member, guiding eyelets' at opposite ends of lsaid twisting member for guiding the twistablematerial, each of said eyelets having a lateral opening to permit the twistable material to move laterally into the eyelet. the lateral openings of said eyelets being out of alignment with one another so that the twistable material enters one eyelet from one side and the other eyelet from another side, and means y for rotatably supporting the twisting member,

comprising rotatable supporting members, a space f being provided between two of said rotatable supporting members for entry of the twistable material laterally into the twisting member while the latter is rotating. at highA speed and means for rotatingthe twisting member and rotatable supporting members with substantially the same pe- --ripheral speed so that the twisting member is tween the twisting member and the supporting supported by surfaces which move with it while in'contact and hence without sliding friction bemeanS.

EDE rmGEDs. REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record inthe ille of this patent: Y

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 578,792 Van Alstine. Mar. 16, 1897 l803,664 Campbell Nov. 7, 1905 2,049,945 Casablancas Aug. 4, 1936 2,097,540 Tracy .L. NOV. 2, 1937