US2555421A - Hydraulic jack - Google Patents

Description

June 5, 1951 R, w, RONAN Y 4 `2,555,421

HYDRAULIC JACK Filed sept. 19, 1947 2 sheets-sheet 1 A tmrlleys R. Wv RONAN HYDRAULIC JACK June 5, 1951 n w 6 0 m m .w w .1 f M L .2 m R ww ...5., b @n @N @N www R. @u Sw q HWIMI H m Q l G l h5 nm m 7 9 1 v 9 1 L m. 1w Y H.. Dr

Patented June 5, 1951 UNITED STATES PATEuNT QFFICE 2,555,421 HYDRAULIC JACK Rudolph W. Ronan, Minneapolis, Minn. Application september 19,1947, serial No. 774,934

rThis invention relates to a combination hydraulic tool which, with adapter units combines toI form a rivet setter, metal punch, metal cutting tool, wrench, clamp or vice and numerous other tools, all `of which are capable of being operated by manual manipulation for exerting a force on a movablework engaging element of the tool, far greater than can be manually applied with conventional hand tools for similar purposes.

More particularly, itis an object of the present invention to provide a manually manipulated hydraulic tool having a handle or body portion containing a manually actuated pump for the actuation of a hydraulic ram for applying force to one element of a work engaging unit capable of being demountably attached to said handle portion. d

Still a further object of the invention is to provide a tool of extremely simple construction capable of being readily manipulated by the thumb and iingers of the hand by which the tool handle is gripped for advancing or retracting the work engaging element of the tool with respect to the work.

Various other objects and advantages of the invention will hereinafter becomemore fully apparent from the following description of the drawings, illustrating preferred embodiments thereof, and wherein: l

Figure l is a side elevational view showing the tool assembled for use as a rivet setter;

Figure 2 is a top plan viewthereof; v

Figure 3 is a crossrsectional view of the same taken substantially along a plane as indicated by the lines 3--3 of Figure l; y

Figure l is a longitudinal sectional view of thetool taken substantially along a plane as indicated by the lines Iii-l of Figure 2;

Figure 5y is a view similar to Figure 2 showing the tool equipped with an adapter unit for use as a cutter; l d

Figure 5` is a side elevational view of said cutter adapter unit; l

d Figures '7 and 8 are sectional views thereof taken substantially along planes as indicated by the lines 'i-l and 8 8, respectively of Figure 6, and I Figure 9 is a fragmentary sectional view of a partof the hydraulic system. y

`l'teferring morespeciiically to the drawings, the combination hydraulic tool in its entirety is designated generally Iii and includes a hollowelon gated Aand preferably tubular handle portion, designated 'generally il which is divided by 2 Claims. (Cl. Gti- 52) spaced walls or partitions i2 and i3 into a forward chamber ifi, an intermediate chamber l5 and an outer or rear chamber i6.

The forward, cylindrical chamber Ill contains a piston or ram Il to which is connected a piston or push rod i8 which extends forwardly therefrom reciprocally through an opening in the forward end of the handle il. An expansion coiled spring i@ contained within the chamber or cylinder it between its forward end and. the ram or piston il for urging the latter inwardly or rearwardly of said chamber or toward the Wall i2.

The intermediate chamber l5 contains an axially disposed sleeve 20 which extends between the walls i2 and I3 and which may be formed integral therewith; said sleeve forming a pump cylinder and having a pump piston 2| reciprocally disposed therein and providedwith a rearwardly extending pumprod 22 which extends reciprocally through a bushing or stuffing box 23 which is threadedly and detachably mounted in the open, rear end of the pump cylinder 2l). [in expansion coiled spring 2li is disposed within the cylinder 2li between the Wall l2 and pump piston 2l for `urging the latter rearwardly or toward the bushing 23,

The handle chamber I is provided with a longitudinally disposed slot 25 for accommodating a lever 2t which is disposed longitudinally of the handle andwhich is provided, adjacent its forward end, with a lateral extension 2'! which extends inwardly with respect to said chamber iii from the inner edge of the lever 25 and which is disposed substantially at right angle to the longitudinal axis of said lever. The lever 2 is p-ivotally mounted on the handle il by pivot pin 2'8 which extends loosely through the apex thereof and which is secured in portions of the wall of the handle deiining the chamber i6. The lever extension El is provided adjacent its inner, free end and along its forward edge with an apertured ear 29, the aperture of which is adapted to loosely engage with `the rear end of the pump rod 22. The forward end of the lever 26, beyond the extension 2i has an inwardly facing shoulder 3d forming a stop for engagement with the outer side of the wail of the handle Il, forwardly of the slot 25, for limiting the outward swinging movement ofthe lever 2Q relatively to the handle ii in response to the action of the spring 24 thereon as exerted through the Apump rod 22 and uso that said levez' A` ill be normally disposed as seen inFigures 1 andfl tobe manually pressed inwardly `of the chamber i5 by gripping action on thehandle l! to thereby rock its extension 2l forwardly for forcing the pump rod 22 and piston 2l forwardly of the pump cylinder 25 and against the action of the spring 24. The loose engagement of the aperture of the ear 29 with the pump rod 22 will permit said pump rod to slide freely in the bushing 23 without binding engagement therewith.

The chamber i constitutes a storage chamber for an hydraulic fluid` indicated at 3i and the cylinder is provided with a port 32, adjacent its forward end, provides with an inwardly opening flap valve 33 by which the fluid 3l may enter the forward end of the cylinder from the storage chamber i5 when the piston 2| is moved rearwardly by action of the spring 24 creating a vacuum in the forward end of the pump cylinder 25. The wall I2 is provided with an opening 34 forming the outlet port of the cylinder 25 and constituting a communicating passage between said cylinder and the chamber I4 and which is closed by a flap valve 35, located on the forward side of the wall i2 and is constructed and arranged to open in response to pressure in the cylinder 20 for passage of the uid 3i therefrom into the chamber I4 but which will close in response to a pressure in the chamber I4 to prevent flow through the port 3d from `chamber i4 toward pump cylinder 20.

As best illustrated in Figure 9, the upper portion of the wall l2 is provided with a port 35 for return flow of the hydraulic liquid lli from the chamber i4 to the storage chamber i5 and which port is normally closed by the head of a valve 3'! having a stem extending reciprocally through a portion of the handle l i and carrying spring 58 *if which bears against a thumb rest on the outer end of said stem for normally holding the valve in its closed position of Figures 4 and 9 so that said valve may be manually depressed by the thumb ofthe hand engaging the handle i i for exposingv the port 36.

The handle ii at its forward end and preferably at the side thereof opposite to the slot 25 is provided with spaced radially projecting ears 35,

as best seen in Figure 2, for receiving there between the restricted shank end of the shank 4l of a tool head 42 which also includes a fixed jaw 43, preferably formed integral with the outer, free end of the shank 4i and which is disposed substantially at a right angle thereto and in opposed relationship -to the forward end of the handle Il. The shank portion 45 is detachably secured between the ears 39 by removable screw fastenings 44. The head 42 also includes a movable jaw 45 which is disposed between the jaw 43 and the handle Il and which includes a sleeve portion 45 at one end thereof which slidably engages the shank 4! for slidably mounting said jaw 45 in opposed relationship to the jaw 43. The jaw 45 is provided with a rearwardly opening Vsocket 4l, as best seen in Figure 4, for receiving the forward end of the push rod iB which is detachably connected theretol by pin 48, so that the jaw 45 will move forwardly and rearwardly in unison with the ram or piston Il.Y

The opposed faces of the jaws 43 and 45 are .preferably provided with detachable sections 49 4 the opening 52 for receiving, detachably therein, a rivet setter 55 which, in cooperation with the anvil head is adapted for setting rivets disposed between the jaws and in alignment with the parts 53 and 55. Y

From the preceding description theoperation of the tool will be readily apparent. To advance the jaw 45 relatively to the jaw 45 for setting a rivet, the hand grasping handle Il is Yemployed for exerting a squeezing action on the lever 26 for rocking it inwardly to thereby advance the piston 2l for expelling the hydraulic liquid 3| from the cylinder 20 through the port 34 into the chamber i4. This operation is repeated until the piston or ram il is advanced sufciently to move the jaw i5 a sufcient distance for setting the rivet. The pumping operation is accomplished after squeezing the lever Z6 by releasing the pressure thereon so that the spring 24 can return the lever and parts to their positions of Figure 4 whereby additional fluid is drawn into the forward end of the pump cylinder 2l, as previousll7 described. After the rivet has been set, the jaw 45 and rivet setter 55 are retracted by exerting pressure on the thumb rest of the valve 3l with the thumb of the hand engaging the handle Vii for opening the valve to exposed port 55 allowing the hydraulic fluid 3| to be bypassed back to the storage chamber i5 as the spring i9 reacts to return the ram il to its position of Figure 4.

It will be readily apparent that the head 42 may be detached by moving the fastenings 44 and another head or adapter unit for accomplishing a different purpose may be substituted therefor,

as for example the head 5l of Figure 5 including l a shank 53 which diners from the shank 4i only in that it is of substantially the same width throughout its length and which is provided with a fixed head 55, disposed similarly to the jaw 43, as seen in Figure 6 but the inner edge 55 of which is sharpened to form a cutting edge. The head 5'! also includes a moveable blade el mounted on the shank 58 in the same manner that the jaw 45 is mounted on the shank 4i and which is provided with a cutting edge 52 for cooperation with the cutting edge 55 when the blade 6l is advanced toward the blade 59 by operation of the ram il, as previously described. The edges 6i! and 5l are preferably disposed in outwardly diverging relationship for executing a shearing cut and the blade 5i is provided with a socket 53 for the same purpose as the socket 47.

It will likewise be readily apparent that by removing the fastenings 44 and 48 that other adapter heads or units could be utilized with the handle li for providing a vise or clamp, a punch, pliers, pipe wrench or other type of tool, capable of being operated by hydraulic means. It will liken wise be readily apparent that by manipulation of the lever 25 and valve 3l that with the proper adapter head the tool will effectively function as a plier or pipe wrench.

Various other modifications and changes are likewise contemplated and may obviously be resorted to, without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention as hereinafter dened by the appended claims.

I claim as my invention:

1. A hydraulic motor for a hand tool comprisfing an elongated hollow tool handle having a forward ram chamber, a ram reciprocally mounted in the ram chamber, a tool jaw actuating push rod secured to the ram and extending reciprocally through the forward end of the ram chamber, a spring for urging the ram and push rod toward the inner, rear end of the ram chamber; said handle having a storage chamber containing a hydraulic fluid disposed behind the ram chamber; .a reciprocating type pump including a pump cylinder extending longitudinally through the storage chamber and having a piston reciprocally mounted therein, a discharge port connecting the forward end of the pump cylinder to the rear end of the ram chamber and having a one way valve for passage of the hydraulic uid only in a direction through the port toward the ram chamber, a partition in the hollow handle separating the ram chamber from the storage chamber and pump cylinder and in which the discharge port is formed, an inlet port in the pump cylinder directly connecting the pump cylinder and storage chamber, a one way valve at the inner end of the inlet port for passage of the hydraulic fluid only into the pump cylinder from the storage chamber, a pump spring disposed in the forward end of the pump cylinder for urging the pump piston toward a retracted position and for drawing the hydraulic fluid into the pump cylinder through said inlet port and forwardly of the pump piston; a lever pivotally connected to the handle and partially disposed therein rearwardly of the storage chamber, and a piston rod connecting the lever and pump piston and disposed entirely within the handle .and longitudinally thereof, said lever being swung outwardly of the handle by the movement of the piston rod under the biasing action of the pump spring for drawing the hydraulic iiuid into the pump cylinder and being adapted to be swung inwardly by a gripping pressure on the tool handle and lever for projecting the pump piston forwardly in the pump cylinder to expel the hydraulic fluid from the cylinder into the ram chamber for projecting the ram and push rod.

2. A hydraulic motor as in claim l, a bypass port for bypassing the hydraulic iluid from the ram chamber back to the storage chamber, a normally closed valve for the bypass port having a portion disposed externally of the handle and positioned to be engaged by a nger of the hand grasping the handle to operate the lever for moving the bypass valve to an open position.

RUDOLPH W. RONAN.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 343,780 Tewksbury June 15, 1886 1,721,189 Schekall et al. July 16, 1929 2,044,044 Anthony June 16, 1936 2,072,088 Dysart M-ar. 2, 1937 2,096,574 Denny Oct. 19, 1937 2,107,970 Wells Feb. 8, 1938 2,195,045 Bernay Mar. 26, 1940 2,257,245 Rudolph Sept. 30, 1941 2,440,060 Page Apr. 20, 1948

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