US2546137A

US2546137A - Method and apparatus for making lined containers

Info

Publication number: US2546137A
Application number: US464756A
Authority: US
Inventors: Schmidt David
Original assignee: Dobeckmun Co
Current assignee: Dobeckmun Co
Priority date: 1942-11-06
Filing date: 1942-11-06
Publication date: 1951-03-20
Anticipated expiration: 1968-03-20

Description

March 20, 1951 D SCHMIDT 2,546,137

METHD AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING LINED CONTAINERS Filed Nov. 6, 1942 6 Sheets-Sheet 1 I I I I J Il l lll Il' l [fr J :i 7% /li INVENTOR DA v/D 5 CHM/0T BY r ATTORNEYS D. scHMlD-r 2,546,137 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MAKTNG LTNED CONTAINERS March 120, 1951 f 6 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed NOV. 6, 1942 INVENTOR A DAV/o 5cHM/o1- ATTO RN EY5 D. METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MAKIN March zo, 1951 G LINED CONTAINERS 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 Fi1ed Nov. 6, 1942 IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII INVENTOR 04u/D .S CHM/DT ATTORNEYS March 20, 1951 D. SCHMIDT 2,546,137

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MANTNG LINED CONTAINERS FiledNov. e, 19442 6 Sheets-Sheet 4 WT mm mw @o C n rd P D 7 W A March 20, 1951 D. scHMlDT METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING LINED CONTAQINERS 6 SheetSK-Sheet 5 Filed Nov. 6, 1942 March 20, 1951 D. SCHMIDT 2,546,137

METHOD AND APPARATUS Foa MAKING LINED CONTAINERS Filed Nov. 6, 1942 6 Sheets-Sheet 6 :fg l. 4]/

44! INVENTQR ADAV/D cHM/o E* I/ r ffy, 5A 457 7 a ATTORNEYS Patented Mar. 20, 1951 UNI-T El)Y STAT ES PAT EN T OFFICE METHOD AND APPARATUS nonY LINED CONTAINERS/f David' Schmidt; Lakewood, Ohio, assigner to The.

Dobeckmun Company, Cleveland; Ohio, a-corporation of Ohiok Application November 6, 1942*,.Seria1 No. 464,756

41 Claims.-

Thisinvention relates to improved method and apparatus for making suchr containers.` More particularly, this'inventionrelates' to a container comprising a tubular'carrier-cartonand a preformed tubular liner of non-fibrous ilin or' the likeandV to the methods and apparatus for'making suche; container:

Heretofore, carrier cartons` of librous stock, suchas'paperboard, chpboard', strawboard, kraft, and likepaper stock, havecommonly been' lined with relatively structurallyweakliners to enable containers of'paper stockA to be employed for packaging substances which could notA be pack'- aged in the unlined" containers' becausevk of the permeable and absorptive nature of the paper stock. A basic requirement of such liners is, of course, that the liner be substantially inert and impervious to the contents tobe packaged. Another requirement is that the liner be comparatively impermeable to extraneous elements, such as moisture vapor, for example, fromV which the packaged contents must be protected. Nonfibrous films, of which the regenerated cellulose nlm "cellophane is the best-known example, will usually answer the foregoing requirements. Many types of non-fibrous lms, varying widely in their chemical compositions and physical characteristics, are'available to the art. By selecting a suitablenon-librousl nlm, either uncoated or coated to increase its impermeability, one may obtain a lining material which will exhibit suflicient inertness and imperviousness to water and most commonly pacakgedv aqueous liquids, moisturelvapor, andl mostv oils, fats, greases, and the like.

An inexpensive manner of lining a carrier carton with non-brouslm is to simply place a sheet of film within the open carrier carton so that the sheet will cover the inner surface of the bottom and walls of the carrier carton. There are several objections to such sheet-lined cartons. In the rst'place, the minimum amount of lm lining the carton will be at the bottom and, thus, as the film tends to shrink and embrittle with age, an inherent characteristic of almost all nonfibrous films, the rst place the lm will tend to pull away from the support afforded by the carrier carton' will be at the bottom, the point of maximum load of the contents. In the second place, the excessive folds and pleats of the sheet at the open mouth of the container render the liner extremely difficult, if not impossible, to seal satisfactorily and securely. It has been proposed to overcome thedifliculties of lm shrink*- age and of sealner the lined cartons by placing iid-36.01)

an oversized bag oftlmwithin' thecarrier carton. Bymaking the bag oversize, the film will besubstantially equally supported at all pointsy during aging and the open mouth of the bag may be sealed manually or with bag sealing machinery. Such bag in a` box containers have not been entirely'satisfactory, however. The mouth ofthe bag must be unsupported in order to allow" the mouth to bedrawn together" for closing and'fsealing in'theusual manner. Ther'nouthof the bag', therefore; must 'oe held open during'lling; Since manyautomatic filling machines' are not equipped with' mechanicaliingers,V to hold' the-bagmouth open; the"bag in aV box containers" must often be filled manually, aslowandlaborious process. Otherwise, the contents to be packaged are likely to: sift or`4 spill between thelinerand the carton. Also; the rawv and" absorptive edges of the carrier carton are exposed during iilling'. Thus, if fluids which would discolor' the'l paper carrier cartons are' to' be packaged, extreme vcaremust' beused to; avoid spilling'thel fluid during filling. Other*- wise, evenl though the liner isl securely' sealed, the carrier" carton will appear to be a leake'r and'thep'ackage will be unsalable. Further', to seal'thebagsecurely, the mouth ofthe bag must be: distendedso that opposite walls arebrought together; Thisrequires eitherexpensive automatic machinery or tedious manual operations.

It' is the' object of my invention to'prov'ide" a lined cart'on which will afford the advantage' of a bag lined container of the priorart;l namely, that the oversized bag is supported atv all points by the carrier carton, and which will' eliminate the above enumerated disadvantages ofllingand sealing such" containers. It is another object of my, invention to provide a loose, preformed' tubular liner for a carrier carton which may be securely sealed by a cap, type of closure, thus eliminating manipulation of the liner. after filling'. It is aY still. further object of my invention to provide a lined container which' i`s particularly adapted to employ a non-fibrous'. lm'liner' and which maybe openedv without destroying' a liner which" protects" the carrier carton.'

I accomplishthe foregoing objects of: my in#- vention by employing a preformed liner element, preferably a' bag of non-fibrous nlm', which is inserted in the carrier carton' so. that an open endfo'f' the liner" extends beyond an open` end of thev carrier carton. I then turn theY protruding open end of the linerl inside out so'l that the open tubular-- end is turned overthe edge ofthe carton and extends down its outer'wall Especially Where, as in the preferred formv of 3 my invention, the inside-out portion of the tube ts smoothly and snugly against the outside wall of the carton, the operation of positively turning a tube of sheet material inside out without seriously creasing or tearing the tube seemed a particularly difficult problem. It is, therefore, a further object of my invention to provide a method of turning a tube of sheet material inside out over the open end of a carrier cartor. with positive mechanical meansY and without tearing or straining the tube. I accomplish this object of my invention by mechanically expanding beyond the inside periphery of the carton substantially all portions of the periphery of the tube just above the edge of the carton. rThen, by simultaneously drawing all parts of the expanded portion of the liner along the outside wall of the carton, the protruding portion of the tube will be turned inside out over the open end of the carton.

It is a still further object of my invention to provide a simple mechanism which will turn a liner tube inside out over the open end of a .tubular carton according to my method.

From the foregoing, it should be apparent that a lined carton made according to my invention possesses several advantages. First, by employing a liner having an open tubular end turned inside out over the open end of a car- Iier carton, a liner will be fitted to the carton without necessarily being fastened to the carton by adhesive. Thus, a liner of nonbrous lm may shrink without being subjected to possible localized stresses caused by adhesive and, at the same time, the liner will be supported by the walls of the carrier carton. Second, there is no protruding and unsupported end of the liner tube which must be held open manually or by mechanical ngers during lling. Thus, my lined container is adapted to be used on substantially all automatic filling machinery. Third, the raw edges of the carrier carton are protected by the turned-over open end of the liner. Thus, the carrier carton is less likely to be spoiled by spilling the Contents during packaging'. Fourth, by providing a liner having an open tubular end which, when turned inside out, will snugly engage the outside wall of the container, a smooth unwrinkled edge may be provided on the open end of the container. Thus, -tlie container may be securely sealed with a cap type closure.

y Other and further objects and advantages of my invention are as follows:

' By employing a liner derived from a preformed tube of sheet material, the liner may be made, inexpensively and separately from the carrier carton, on standard tube and bag forming machinery. The longitudinal seam of this liner may be closely inspected.

My tubular liners and carrier cartons are assembled quickly and simply with relatively simple and inexpensive devices. Several advantages result from this fact. It is not necessary to assemble the containers until just prior to lling. Thus, the liners of non-brous films may be stored in humid or similar atmospheres vwhich retard aging and embrittlement, while the carrier cartons may be stored in an atmosphere of a different humidity to avoid excessive shrinkage or swelling of the paper stock. Also, carrier containers, such as spirally wound paper tubes, are usually made locally to avoid shipping costs, while preformed tubes and bags are yusually made at centralized points. Thus, the

vlb.

4 elements of my container may be made on existing standard machinery and shipping of empty assembled containers may be avoided as much as possible.

The turned-over edge of my liner may extend down the outside wall of the carrier carton and may even be sealed across the bottom of the carton. By employing a reverse printed transparent ilm, an attractive, glossy, and dust-free outside surface will be provided which, in cases Where opaque inks are employed, will permit very cheap uncoated and unglazed paperboard stock to be employed for the carrier carton.

The open ends of my containers may be closed with a sheet of transparent film. Thus, my container may be employed as a display container. Also, the closure of my container may be removed without destroying the liner element which protects the carrier carton.

Other and further objects of my invention should be apparent from the following specication, claims, and drawings, in which:

Fig. 1 is an elevation, partly in section, of one embodiment of a container made according to my invention.

Fig. 2 is an elevation, partly in section, of another embodiment of a container made according to my invention.

Fig. 3 is an elevation, partly in section, of one embodiment of a liner-turning mandrel made according to my invention.

Fig. 4 is an enlarged detail section taken from Fig. 3 showing an early stage of the operation of the liner-turning mandrel.

Fig. 5 is an enlarged detail section, similar to Fig. 4 but showing a later stage of operation of the liner-turning mandrel.

Fig. 6 is an enlarged detail section, similar to Fig. 4 but showing a still later stage of operation of the liner-turning mandrel.

Fig. 7 is a diametric cross-section of the operating portion of another embodiment of a linerturning mandrel made according to my invention.

Fig. 8 is an enlarged detail section taken from Fig. 7 showing an early stage of operation of the liner-turning mandrel.

Fig. 9 is an enlarged detail section, similar to Fig. 8, showing a later stage of operation of the liner-turning mandrel.

Fig. 10 is a diametric cross-section of still another embodiment of a liner-turning mandrel made according to my invention.

Fig. l1 is an enlarged detail section taken from Fig. 10 showing a stage of operation of the linerturning mandrel.

In the drawings, Fig. l shows a lined container in which the turned-over edge portion of the liner extends only partly down the outer wall of the carrier carton. In Fig. 1, lil represents, in this instance, a carrier carton comprised of a spirally wound cylindrical wall portion l l having one end provided with a spun-in iiange portion I2 which serves as a seat for a bottom disk I3. The preformed tubular liner l5 is preferably a bag of non-bious film, which may be formed, for example, in the usual manner by tubing a sheet or web of the non-fibrous film along a longitudinal seam (not shown), cutting a bag length from the tubed web, and then folding and adhering an end portion of the bag length to the wall of the tube to form the transverse bottom seam In order to allow material for shrinkage of the liner and to assure that the liner will be supported at all points by the carrier carton, the cireumferenceaof the liner: llssiiould-Bezglreater than the. inner. circumference'. o'fl the: carrier.` carton'. wall IrI, andi` usually equal. toer slightlyE 1argier. than` the. outer circumferenceofthe` carrier oart'onwall. Thus, Ytli'e liner I 5lisf circumferentially oversized-1 for. the carrier cartoniI I0; 'Ihefliner I5l should be inserted: far? enoughl into the carton. I so: that excess-` liner." materiali Will-l bei provided a'crossfthe bottom. I3- and the liner walllwillallow for shrinkagexinvertical and:` diagonal.. directions asiwell asA in.c'ircurr'iferential.directionsl In order to supportiv the linerlwithin `the car-1'v rier', cover the-raw edges; oirlthe. opens end` ofthe carrier carton', andv to; provide-.the otherf advantagesl enumerated' in?. the.. foregoing statement of the?y objects of. this. invention; the'.` marginal por.-4 tion Iof the preformedl tubular. liner; adjacent the: open end thereofi is turned? inside" outo'ver the rim; oriedge' Ill of the' open-end oi" the; carrier. carton. s'ol thatthe-marg'inalportion I 1.1 will cover. the margin". ot'theouter Wall 0f thecarrierc'arton adj acenttheli rim"A I il. Because the circumference' of the'liner' IE'S is preferably-only slightlylarger thanzthe outer circumferenceof. the-.1Wa1lII',.the liner. margini I Il willtlratherfsnugly and. the portion I8 o1" the. linen Whicli. covers theafrimi I4 Will be smooth and free of: Wrinkles.- Because'y nonfibrousiilm is. usually storedlinai. humid. atmosphe're to.l preserve' flexibility and'. elasticity of: the lm,. fil-ins .will generally: take at ratherf'rapi'd initial set. or shrinkageinxthe' comparatively dryness of normal atmospheres'. Thus, if the. rimpow tion` t8" of the" liner'isslightly wrinkled wh'en.the margin IJ isrst; turned'. inside out; the initial setof` the'. film will smoothl outsuch wrinkles ina few hours.. ThellinerfmarginlI 1 is preferably nattached to.`v the outer' surface of. the. Wall. I.I. Thus, no points. of localizedistressiwill beA created inxthe. margin. I1'I as the` illm" takes itsinitial set and. shrinks. with. further. aging. Because the open'. end of the'. carriery carton I Uwill give slightly,Y the.: snugzmargin'` I 1. of. the liner Willenot bei likely' toI rupture witha normal aging. If" the margin: I'I does split. after excessive; aging; no harm will. be"v done. to therfunctional: portion. of the liner inside the carton,

The lined carrier'cartons I0;is preierably closed by a:capitypelofclosure.22, sucht asthering of spirally Woundi` paper tubing-i 2| having. a` spun-in flange' 22A upon which anclosurefdisk' 23is seated. The closure 20 is preferably'linedwith' a sheet of non-:fibrous lma25,.similar tothelm .ofthe liner I5; Thus, the'smooth` sheetof liner.` stocki 25'wi11 seatonthe smooth` rim portion I8 of the liner.l I5 so that the containerfmay be securelysealed.by applying a suitable adhesive orfsolvent to lute or welmthe. joint between* the closureliner 25 and therimportiony I 8. If the lining stock .isof heatsealable material, the joint between the* closure liner and the carton liner.v mayA be" heat-sealed, preferably' by' applyingand.y heatesealing thev closure linercprior to puttingV onthe. cap 20. The closurel maybe reinforced by employing. a suit able adhesive betweensthe carton liner margin I `IA and aV margin 21 (usuallyf pleated) off the c1osure liner aswell asby the frictional Int ofl the 1ng2I against theoutsidegv'vall ofthe linedcarfton l0.

TheI closurey liner'y 25Y is;v preferably? unattached to the capZIJfinorder' to prevent localized stress during shrinkagof-the` lm 25 and to permit the sealed container to` be opened without' destroying the liner I 5. Thus. to `open my sealed lined container, the cap 20 is' slipped off,.leavingythe' liner 25 stretched as avdiaphragm overy the openend 6 of.' the' lined-z carrier cartorn- By" simply.' cutting throughthe diaphragm ofl lm.-i25;. the container may be opened without. destroying or.` rupturing theliner I5..4 ThemOntainermayfbe reclosedlby replacingv the'v cap' 2 0;

The lined carton III) shownzin Fig.i2 isi similar to thecartonl I0. shownf in Fig. 1, being'comprised ofi atubular Wall portion III having a suitable bottom. flange. IIZandv disk II 3l Thescartonili is 1ined.with.a..lo'ose tubularl bag. liner I^I5having a-i bottom: seamV III` similar in proportion; to the'linerf I5;v The linerII5;.hoWever, isp'r'ovided withl a long.- margin I ITI Whichistur-nedfinside out over the rim VIA-of thecartonf to! providea' sealing seat' III8 and then extends downthezout'sideiof` the carton wall II I:,.the"edgesfofr the marginll I'I being.' drawn together" across theLbottom of. thecarrier.' carton and joinedltogether by the`v seamlItIB; Thus, th'e'carrier carton IIB inthis modification is' completely covered; insideandout, bythe tubull'ar liner Ii 5. By reverseprinting on the. smoothly fitting margin II'I, a glossy, dust-resistantand attractive outer Wall and4 label' maybe provided. If. the under surface of' the margin III isi completely'printed over with opaque inks", the Walls ofthe carton I I il willlb'ecompletely masked., thus allowing cheap un'c'o'a'ted. paper'stock to beemployed while providing.azbrilliantly colored outside wall for the container.

In' orderi to employ the. lined; carton I-l asa display container, ai sheet' of transparent. liner stock, similar to the material Ot theLl-ine'r H35., is stretche'dlacross the. open endof'l the' cartoni` IIS and may be'. sealed to the seat IIB inla suitable manner. 'Ihe closure-.sheet I25f is al'so preferably provided' withta pleated. flange'V I2I'whi`ch may be secured to' the carton' covering margin I'I'lbyan adhesive and/or'the friction ring I2 If. From the foregoing,` it should beapparent that the closure |205: isfsimilarl totthe closure'xZD, except that the closure disk'. 23"isomitted'. The frietionring'r I2fI mayalso: be omitted, but it is' generally' preferred in ordertoprovide" the protectivebead" I:22 and' to mask'theA pleated margini I 21..

From the'- f'oreging; itsho'uld'` loe.y apparent'that linedl containersi-nade` according?tomy invention havev no loose' unsupported liner portions.' Thus, myv containers' are adapted for.' usef on mostil automaticl nlling';machines` and. may-'ber closed? and sealed.v securely. Further; because the. turned- Over.' margins protectl the. edge? 0f thef carrier. cartons;` no' more than?.ordinary"carerneed beexercised in lling the' containers.

Inf` the' drawings, Figures 3." tot` illustrate my methodlofturnihgamargn'ofa preformed tubular liner' inside out" over the openend' of'a carrier carton andthe construction and' operation of one embodiment of apparatus which may be operated tov form ai lined cylindrical cartonv according' to my method... Other. devices.operableaccording to my `method are'. shown" in Figs. '7 to 9 'and in Figs. 10' and 11 A`s will be explained, still other' modificati'on's of' my linerr` turning' mechanismY mayl be made: Therefore', in the fol-lowing' .description of my bag" turning methods and the devices I have disclosed, all stated proportions, dimensions, materials; and. th'efV like, are not toi be considered as limitations but merely asi being. illustrative;

In. thebag'turnin'g'device* shown in Figs. 3v to 6, a xedcylindrical mandrelsleeve 23D is adapted to receive amandrel 240'y Which'v is telescopabl'e within the mandrel sleeve and is providedV with a stop 231 to' limitv the telescoping` ofthe mandrel 240. The upper end of the. mandrel sleeve 23E) isxprovidedzwith adownwardly. and inwardly dilrected bevel 232 to provide an outer camming rim 233. The outer diameter of the sleeve 236 is such that the diameter of the rim 233 will be slightly larger than the outer diameter of the overturned margin of the liner on a container assembled according to my method.

The mandrel 246 is provided with an annular beveled camming shoulder 23| located on the mandrel 240 so that when the mandrel engages the stop 23|, the shoulder 211i will be received in the portion of the mandrel sleeve relieved by the bevel 232. From the point of the shoulder 265|, the mandrel 240 extends upwardly and is tapered to form a container receiving portion.

. When the mandrel 243 is axially displaced in,

the sleeve 233, an annular groove is provided to receive an expander comprising a ring of a tight coiled spring 256. The spring 253 is under a slight tension when engaging the mandrel 246 beneath the shoulder 23|. The spring 255 is engaged between the shoulder 23| and the rim 233 to maintain the mandrel in the displaced position as shown in Fig. 3. The coil radius of the spring ring 250 is slightly larger than the difference between the radius of the point of the shoulder 24| and the rim 233 so that, when the mandrel is Atelescoped in the sleeve, the ring will be expanded annularly and the rim 233 will engage the spring inside the mean radius of the ring. A small amount of vertical pressure on the ring will cause the rim 233 to act as a cam to further exp-and the ring annularly.

To assemble a lined container according to my method with the mandrel 24] and sleeve 2353, a tubular liner, in this instance a bag 25 of non` brous lm, is opened so that its mouth may be slipped over the tapered portion ol the mandrel 240 and pulled over the ring 250 and upper portion of the sleeve 230. In this instance, the bag 2|5 has an inside diameter equal to the outside diameter of the sleeve 230; accordingly, the bag, if it is of a non-librous lilm such as cellophane, should be fresh, i. e., the bag should have been stored under proper conditions so that the lm is flexible and slightly elastic to permit the bag to be stretched over the expander 256 and to undergo the subsequent turning operations. A carrier carton 2 I ll is then placed on the mandrel over the bag 2|5. The dimensions of the carton 2li) are such that when the bottom 2*!3 is supported by the mandrel 243, carton rim 2M will engage the bag 2|5 against the mandrel just above the shoulder 24|. Thus, the carton rim will be supported by the mandrel 246. The outside diameter of the carton wall 2|| is slightly less than the outside diameter of the sleeve 236. From the foregoing, it should be apparent that the taper of the container receiving portion of the mandrel not only allows the liner bag to be slipped over the mandrel easily but lalso provides a space for excess liner material when the liner is oversize. It should also be apparent that the length of portion 2 of the liner bag which is outside the carton determines the depth of the margin of the liner which is turned inside out over the rim of the carton.

To turn the tubular liner inside out over the rim of the carton, the bottom 2|3 of the carton is pressed to telescope the mandrel 246 in the sleeve 236. As shown in Fig. 4, the beveled shoulder 24| rst expands the ring 256 annularly over the sleeve rim 233. Thus, the portion of the liner 2|5 which is unsupported by the carton wall 2| I and which is immediately adjacent the rim 2|4, is expanded at all portions of its periphery beyond the inside periphery of the carton. The liner, as shown in Fig. 4, accordingly forms a smooth sealing seat 2I8 over the carton rim 2H.

As the mandrel 240 is fully telescoped, the vertical pressure of the carton rim 2|4 on the ring 253 expands the ring 250 annularly over the sleeve rim 233 in the manner described above. As shown by the direction arrow in Fig. 5, this further expansion of the ring 250 may also rotate the coil of the ring; accordingly, the liner margin 2|?, which then wraps a substantial portion of the ring 250, is started to be turned inside out. To complete the turning of the liner margin 2H, the ring 250 is then rolled along the outer wall of the carton, by the lingers of the operator or with suitable rollers 255, as shown in Fig. 6, until the margin is completely turned. The ring 25D is then removed from the carton and replaced in the groove between the shoulder 24| and the sleeve rim 233. The lined carton is ready for filling and sealing if the turned-over margin extends only partly down the outside wall of the carrier carton. If the turned-over margin is to completely cover the outside wall and bottom of the carton, as in Fig. 2, the free end of the tubular liner is, of course, gathered together and secured in a suitable manner.

A modification of my bag turning device is illustrated in Figs. '7 to 9 of the drawings. The bag turning device there shown is comprised of a mandrel sleeve 330 in which a mandrel 340 is telescopably mounted. The sleeve 330 is journaled for axial sliding movement in a finger supporting cylinder 366. In the embodiments shown, the sleeve 33D is movable in the fixed cylinder 363, although obviously the lxed and movable relationship of these members may be reversed.

The upper portion of the linger supporting cylinder 366 is provided with an internal annular groove 36| to receive the loot beads 356 of the expander pushing ngers 355. The cylinder 360 is counterbored from the top to the groove 36| to provide space for the swing of the ngers 355. A linger collapsing spring ring 362 is retained on the top of the cylinder 360 by means of the retainer ring 363.

The upwardly extending lingers 355 are each comprised of a blade 351 pivotally mounted in thev groove 36| by means of the integral arcuate foot beads 356. rIhe blades 351 are likewise arcuate in a horizontal section. By employing a plurality of lingers '355 (six are employed in the present embodiment shown in section, two being shown in section and two others being shown in invisible lines), the vertical blades 35'! will constitute a segmented cylindrical sleeve. The lingers 355 lare normally collapsed against the mandrel sleeve 336 by means of the finger-collapsing spring ring 362.

In addition to being slidably journaled in the cylinder-330, the mandrel sleeve 33e is provided with an internal collar 33| which is slidably keyed on the central shaft 365. The collar 33| also acts as a stop to limit the telescoping of the mandrel 346 in the sleeve 330. When the mandrel sleeve 33) is in its normally extended position, the radially protruding annular nger expanding cam 333 for the upper end of the sleeve is spaced vertically above the lingers 355. The under surface of the 'annular cam 333 is beveled outwardly so that when the sleeve 33D is telescoped into the cylinder 360, the cam will expand the normally collapsed lingers 355 into a segmented cylindrical sleeve, the outside diameter of the annular cam 333 being equal to the inside diameter of 9 the segmented' cylindery formed by. the ngers 355. To maintain themandrel'sleeve in its normal extended position, any'suitable means, such as the relatively stiff: compression spring334`, may be employed. Thek upper surface of the cam 333 is provided with a downwardly and inwardly beveled surface 332 so that the cam` 333'- will" also act as a keeper Vfor the expander'rings'.

The mandrel 34|! is telescopably mounted in the sleeve 330 and is also provided withl an internal collar 342 which is mounted' on the central shaft 335. To maintain the mandrel' 340 in itsnormally extended position, any suitable means may be employed, such as, for example, the relatively Y soft compression spring 343fwhi`ch is engaged between the collars 33| and 342 againstthe central shaft set collar 366. The mandrel 34|] isprovided with an annular shoulder34| spaced above the'mandrel sleeve cam 333. The upper surface of the shoulder 34| serves as a cartonreceiving ledge or foot; the under'surface ofthe shoulder 34| is beveled outwardly to serve as an expander camming surface. The outside diameter of the mandrel shoulder 34|" is notl greater'than the outside diameter ofthe finger caml 333. Above the shoulder 34| themandrel is tapered inwardly to provide a container receiving portion.

When the mandrel-340 is in' its normal extended position, the spaced shoulderv 34| and cam 333 provide a wide annular groove in` which a plurality of coil spring rings are'received. In this instance, three spring rings are employed, the uppermost expander ring 350 and two auxiliary rings 35| andY 352. Because the rings are under a slight tension, the rings will maintain their vertical'disposition aboutthe mandrel'34fl. When the mandrel 34|)A is telescopedv in the mandrel sleeve 330, the upwardlybeveled"camming under surface of the-shoulder `34|I willpress'the verticaland1 expand the ringsoutwardly, thev uppermost ,of the rings, the expander ring- 35D, obviously, being expanded most. Thecollars 342 andi 33| are set so thatl the telescoping of'themandrel 340 inA theisleeve 330 lwill Astop 4when the rst auxiliary ring has been expanded to an outside diameter approximately equal to the outside diameter of the cam 333', as shown" in Fig. 8.

K To assemble a container on my device 'as-illustrated` in- Figs. 7` to 9; a suitable tubular liner, for example, the bag3|5', is slipped over the container receiving portion of the mandrel, the shoulder 34|, and the'v cams 333, the-length of the tubing 3 1 which depends from the shoulder 34| determining the depth ofthe margin ofl the liner to be turned inside out over the rim ofthe carrier carton. A tubular carrier-carton-3'l having an inside diameter about` equal to the out'- side diameter `of the` mandrel immediately` above the shoulder 34| and'v an outside diameter not appreciably greater'thanfthe outside diameter of theX cam 333, is then-placed over'the bag 315* so that the rim 3`I4of`the carton is received onfthe described. above=the ring5 350 will pull the liner i'over: the cart'cnarm 3 I'll tori-provide a sealingv seat l0 318, as shown in Figz. To turn the margin 311 inside out". over the open end oi the carton 3H), continued downward movement ofthe mandrel 34|!V will telescope the sleeve 33D in the cylinder 36|) so that the cam 333 will expand the iingers 355t into a segmented cylindrical sleeve inside the depending liner margin 3H. As the sleeve 333 continues to telescope, the endsof the nger blades 351 will engage the expander ring 35D', further' expanding the ring 35) over the point ofthe shoulder 34E; and forcingthe ring 35|! along the carton` wall 3|| to turn the margin inside out, as shown in Fig; 9. When the liner margin 3'I1 is completelyturned inside` out, the mandrel 34;!)` and sleeve33 are returned" to their extended position, the fingers again collapsing against the sleeve, the' expander'ring 350 is replaced in the groove between theshoulder 34|v and @am 333, and the lined carton is removed from the mandrel.

Another embodiment ofV my'liner turning device is illustrated in- Figs. 10 and 11, in which a mandrel 440i is' telescopably mounted in a xed mandrel sleeve` 430"suitablysecured to a base. A

base plate 43| serves as avlimit for the' telescoping movement of the mandrel 440; In addition to being j'ournaled inthe sleeve 430, the mandrel 44HV isrprovided with'an internal collar 442 which isslidably keyedfon the centrall shaft 455 secured tothe baseplate 43|'. To maintain the mandrel 449 in its normal extended position, a compressionl spring` 443' is engaged between the collar 44'2y and thebaseplate 43|". The extension of the mandrelr 44|] isA limited by' the stop washer 466 bolted to theupperend of the shaft 465.

A finger supporting" ring 460 is xed on the sleeve 433 andk is provided with an inner annular groove 46| to receive the arcuate foot beads 456 of the expanding` lingers 455, The ring' 43E) is counterbored to the groover 46| to allow for the swing of the fingers; The' upwardly extending fingers 455 are similar to the fingers 355 described above, except. that the blades 451 are provided with lugs 463 to retain the spring-ring 462, which collapses the fingers 455 against the mandrel 44!) when the mandrel. isV in'its normal extended position. Also, in thisembodiment, the upper edges of the blades 451 shouldv be free from burrs or roughness and are preferably' rounded, as shown in Fig. 11.

The mandrel 440 is` provided with an annular protruding shou1der44'l'which, when the mandrel is4 in its normally extended position, is located above the collapsedflngers 455- The under'surface of the shoulder' 44| is' beveled outwardly to serve' as a cammingsurfac'e to expand the fingers 455. The upper surface of the shoulder serves as a carton-receiving foot. Above the shoulder 44| the mandrel 4'40'is tapered slightly to serve as a container receiving portion.

Toas'semble a container on my device as shown in' Figs. 10 and 11, a tubular liner, in this instance the bag 4 5, is slipped over the container receiving portion of the mandrel and' the shoulder 44|, the length 411 depending from the shoulder 44| determining the depth of the margin to be turned inside out; Av carton 4|0 is then placed over the bag 4| 5 so that the-rim of the carton is seated on the foot portion of the shoulder 44| and is supported by the mandrel wall immediately above the shoulder 44 I. Thus, the shoulder 44| expands the periphery of the portion ofthe tubular liner, which is unsupported by the inner carton wall and adjacentthe'rim of the carton, beyond the inside periphery ofthe tubularwall 4H. To turn the liner inside out over the rimv of thel carrier carton,

the mandrel 44|] is telescoped in the sleeve 430. As the mandrel is telescoped, the fingers 455 are expanded into a segmental cylindrical sleeve inside the depending liner margin H1 by the camming under surface of the shoulder 44! As the mandrel continues to be telescoped, the blades 451 will draw the margin 4H along the outside Wall of the carrier carton, turning the margin 4H inside out as it slips over the edges of the blades 451, as shown in Fig. l1. When the margin 4H, or so much of it as desired, has been turned inside out, the telescoping force on the mandrel 440 is released, the spring 443 returns the mandrel to its normal extended position, the ngers 455 being withdrawn and collapsing, and the lined carton is removed.

From the foregoing, it is apparent that the success of my invention lies in positively expanding beyond the inside periphery of the carrier carton at least the portion of the tubular liner which is unsupported by the inside wall of the carrier carton immediately adjacent the open end of the carton and then simultaneously drawing all parts of the expanded portion of the liner along the outside wall of the carton. In Figs. 3 to 6 and 7 to 9, only the portion of the margin immediately adjacent the carton rim is so expanded. In Figs. l and 1l, the whole margin is expanded. In all three disclosed embodiments of my assembling devices, the entire periphery is expanded simultaneously. It should be apparent that the periphery to be expanded could also be expanded progressively, as, for example, rotating an expanding finger around the mandrel adjacent the rim of the carton and providing means to maintain the liner` in its expanded position. Thus, the term expanding and like terms employed in this specification and the claims is to be understood to include progressive as well as simultaneous expansion unless the term is otherwise limited. However, once the liner is expanded beyond the inside periphery of the carrier carton, all parts of the expanded portions should be turned inside out simultaneously.

From the explanation of the principle of my method and the disclosed embodiments of my turning devices, it should be apparent that my turning devices are not limited to the specific mechanisms disclosed. For example, it is not necessary that the container supporting mandrel be telescopable into a sleeve. Rather, the mandrel may be fixed and the expander may be expanded by means other than the wedging means shown. For example, by placing within the tubular liner a spring ring, having a mean ring diameter slightly greater than the outside wall of the carrier carton, and then pressing the spring ring against the rim of the carton, theV liner will be expanded according to my method, the curved inner surface of the spring ring engaged against the rim of the carton acting as the ring expanding cam.

As should be apparent from Fig. 11, containers made according to my invention are not limited to those as shown in Figs. l and 2 in which the liner margin is entirely turned inside out. For example, by drawing the margin M1 along the outside wall of the carton until the end of the margin is even with the carton rim and then withdrawing the fingers 455, the carton will be provided with a two-ply overturned margin. Further, it is not necessary to close the lined carton with a cap or sheet which is the equivalent of a cap type of closure. The lined carton may be sealed by the liner tube. For example,

by employing a long liner tube and only turning a portion of the unsupported liner inside out over the outer wall of the carton, as at the stage shown in Fig. 1l, a free skirt of the liner tube will remain; said skirt may then be drawn together and sealed over the open mouth of the lined carton.

It is to be understood that the terms tube and tubulan as employed in this specification and in the claims, refers to an elongated, relatively thin-walled hollow body in which the lon- .gitudinal elements of the wall or walls are parallel. lThus, my containers are not necessarily of circular cross-section, but may have a rectangular or similar polygonal cross-section, and my carrier cartons are not limited to spirally wound tubular cartons, but may be tubular cartons of the collapsed or set-up type.

As pointed out above, my method of lining containers is particularly adapted for the use of liners of non-fibrous lms, such as, for example, films of regenerated cellulose, cellulose ethers and esters, or mixed cellulose ethers and esters; chlorinated rubber or rubber hydrochloride lms (such as the film known commercially as Pliofilm) polyvinyl lms (such as the lms known commercially as Vinylite and Koroseal) polyamide films (such as the lm known commercially as nylon) and the like. While nonfibrous films are generally preferred, any flexible sheet, fibrous or non-nbrous, may be employed, however, if the sheeting possesses the requisite -inertness and imperviousness. Glassine or like impregnated or coated paper, parchment paper, paper laminated to lm or foil, and the like are examples of fibrous sheet materials which may serve as suitable lining stock. The characteristics of the sheeting as to elasticity and aging should be taken into account in determining the dimensions of the tube. For example, if a liner of inelastic glassine is employed, the tube should be sufficiently oversize with respect to the carrier carton to permit the tube to undergo the turning operation without splitting. If a cellophane nlm is employed, the film, when fresh, is usually suiciently elastic to allow for the turning operation, but the tube should be sufficiently oversize to allow for shrinkage when the tube ages. If the tube is of cellulose acetate film, aging is seldom a problem, and the tube need only be oversize in order to insure that the lm Will not be ruptured by the load of the contents. If a Pliolm tube is employed, the tube may be actually undersize with respect to the carton, since such lm is usually sufliciently elastic to stretch until it is supported by the carton before it will be ruptured by the load of the contents.

It is usually unnecessary to secure my liner to the carrier carton wall, since the turned-over margin usually affords a sufficient frictional anchor for the liner. When the turned-over margin is short and the container is filled with heavy, adherent contents, such as hardened vegetable oils or lard, for example, it may be advantageous `to adhere the margin to the carrier carton. A

convenient location for the margin anchoring adhesive is on the rim of the carton.

While my tubular carrier cartons are usually of paper stock, it is to be understood that any suitable rigid or semi-rigid tubular receptacles of other materials, such as sheet metal, for example, may be employed as a carrier receptacle.

From the foregoing, it is apparent, therefore, that my invention is not limited to the embodiments disclosed, either in whole or in part, but

that my invention may be modified by those skilled in the art Within the scope of the appended claims Without departing from the spirit or scope of my invention.

What is claimed is:

1. The method of lining a container comprising the steps of inserting a lining tube of flexible sheet material in the open end of a tubular receptacle, allowing an unsupported margin of said tube to extend out of said receptacle, simultaneously positively and uniformly expanding all portions of the periphery of said margin immediately adjacent the rim of the open end of said receptacle beyond the inside periphery of said rim, and then simultaneously positively and uniformly drawing all parts of the expanded portion of said margin along the outside wall of said receptacle to turn said margin inside out, in which said unsupported margin is longer than the length of said container and in which the step of drawing said margin along the wall of said container is continued along the entire length of the wall and including the step of gathering the mouth of said liner tube together across the bottom of said receptacle to completely cover said receptacle with said liner.

2. In a device of the class described, a mandrel, a container receiving portion on said mandrel to support the inside wall of a container on said portion, an annular shoulder on said mandrel, an annular expander on said mandrel, and means to force said expander over said shoulder to expand said expander. i

3. In a device of the class described, a mandrel,

14 an annular shoulder on said mandrel, an expander movable longitudinally along said mandrel comprising a spring ring, and means to force said ring over said shoulder to expand said ring.

4. In a device of the class described, a mandrel, a shoulder on said mandrel, expansible fingers collapsed against said mandrel, and means to move said lingers over said shoulder to expand said lingers.

DAVID SCHMIDT.

` REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the le of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Y Date Number Name 1,011,979 Maison Dec, 19, 1911 1,436,748 Yancey Nov. 28, 1922 1,638,386 Yancey Aug. 9, 1927 1,692,986 Hardy et al Nov. 27, 1928 1,879,410 Morris et al Sept. 27, 1932 1,898,112 Wright Feb. 21, 1933 1,993,751 Reid Mar. 12, 1935 2,082,995 Wilcox June 8, 1937 2,086,887 Wilcox July 13, 1937 2,126,159 Wilcox Aug. 9, 1938 2,134,166 Wilcox Oct. 25, 1938 2,158,448 Wilcox May 16, 1939 2,375,417 Hultkrans May 8, 1945 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 722,221 France Dec. 28, 1931