US254003A

US254003A - Appaeattjs

Info

Publication number: US254003A
Authority: US
Publication date: 1882-02-21
Anticipated expiration: 1899-02-21

Description

(No Model.)

j 4 Sheets-Sheet 1. A. GONTARD.

EVAPORATI'NG AND COOLING APPARATUS.

Patented Feb.'21, 1882.

F75 NH (No Model.) v 4 Sheets-Sheet 2';

A. GONTARD.

EVAPORATING AND 000mm APPARATUS. No. 254,003. Patented Feb. 21,1882.

jy a N. PETERS. Phuwumo m her. Washingtcn. 11C

(.80 M05161. 4 Sheets-Sheet 4k 'AQGONTARDf EVAPORATING ANDUOOLING APPARATUs. I No. 254,003. "Patent'ed'Feb. 21.18 82 ing-surface without increasing their diameter,

disks or thin disks made of porcelain, delft, or analogous ware, according to the nature ofthe liquid to be evaporated or the chemical condisks being provided with annular spiral or- UNITED STATES ADOLPH GONTARD, OF MOOKAU, N

PATENT Genres.

EAR LEIPSIO, SAXONY, GERMANY.

EVAPORATING AND COOLING APPARATUS.

SPECIFICATION formingpart of Letters Patent No. 254,003, dated February 21, 1882.

- Application filed January 6, 1882. (N model.)

To all whom @213 may concern Be it known that I, ADOLPH GON'IARD, a subject of the King of Saxony, residing, at Mockau, near Leipsic, Saxony, German Empire, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Evaporating and Cooling Apparatus, also applicable to other purposes; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to letters or figures of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

My invention relates toan improved method and means for inspissating or evaporating liquids or liquid solutions.

The invention consists essentiallyin the use of'a series of thin metallic (preferablycopper) stituents of the solution to-be inspissated, said radial corrugations to increase their evaporatand mounted on a supporting-shaft, so as to form an endless or Archimedean screw.

The invention further consists in forming in the disks a radial slot extending from the central aperture to the periphery and increasing in diameter from the former to the latter point, whereby said disks may be mounted upon a shaft in the form of an endless or Archimedean screw by simply twisting the same after being slipped on the shaft and securing them into position.

It is a well-known fact that when a liquid is exposed to an evaporating medium or agent, be it fuel, hot or atmospheric air, or gases, the evaporation increases in proportion to the increase of the evaporating-surfaces and the volume of liquid upon such surfaces. If,.therefore, a liquid is exposed to the evaporating medium in the form of a thin film and upon extended surfaces, the evaporation is'accelerated in proportion to the surfaces so exposed and thedepth of. the film. It is upon thisprinciple that my invention is based, and I accomo plish the desired result by means of series of disks partly immersed in theliquid and caused to rotate therein. In this mannera portion of the liquid is continuously carried above the level of the bulk thereof, and in the thinnest possible film and exposed to the action of the evaporating medium, thus vastly increasing the. superficial evaporating-surface of the apparatus in which these disks or blades are employed. For example, let us take a vessel of one square meterin cross-section, having therefore one square meter of evaporating-surface. If I apply to this vessel a series often disks or blades having an evaporating surface of 0.8 square meter (counting both sides) when about half immersed in the liquid, I increase the evaporating-surface by eight cubic meters, or nine-fold. As will be seen, thisincrease in effective evaporating surface is an enormous one.

In the accompanying four sheets of drawings I have illustrated the application of the means to various branches of the arts in which such may be used, though they are applicable to any of the other branchesin whichinspissation or evaporation is the objective point.

Figures 1 and 2, Sheet 1, illustrate in longitudinal and transverse sections, respectively, an apparatus in which the disks employed are set at an inclination to the shaft upon which they are mounted. Fig. 3, Sheet 1, shows in section a series of disks having concentric corrugations. Figs. 4 and 5, Sheet 1, show in elevation disks having radial and spiral corrugations, respectively. Fig. 6, Sheet 1, shows adisk havingaradial slit, whereby it is adapted to be twisted,and a series of such mounted upon a shaft in the form of a spiral or Archimedean screw. Fig. 7, Sheet 1,showsa series of slitted disks mounted upon a shaftto form an Archimedean screw. Figs. 8 and 9, Sheet 1, are side and end elevations of a preserving kettle or vessel for household use. Figs. 10 and 11, Sheet 2, are a longitudinal section and end elevation of an apparatus for desiccating fecal matter. Figs. 12 and 13, Sheet 3, show an end and side elevation of a distillery apparatus; and Figs. 14 and 1-5, Sheet 4, are like views of another arrangement of the same. Figs. 16 and 17, Sheet 3, show a longitudinal section and plan View of a brine-evaporating pan; and Fig. 1.8, Sheet 2, is a longitudinal section of a steam-boiler.

Like letters of reference are employed to indicate like parts wherever such may occur in the above figures of drawings.

In carrying out my invention I employ a series of disks, D, that are preferably made of some good conductor of l1eat--such as copper or iron--whenever the liquid to be inspissated or evaporated admits oftheir being used. When the liquid is of such a nature as to attack and corrode the metals described, or when the action of such metals would tend to deteriorate the product of the operation, then I employ any other suitable materials. Porcelaiindelft, hard rubber, and in some cases even wood, can be advantageously employed. Whenever metal can be employed I prefer to do so, and I use in preference thin copper disks. To increase the vaporizing-surface of these disks 1), they are provided with concentric, radial, or spiral or other corrugations, d, Figs. 3, 4, and 5. This construction matcriallyinercases the vaporizing-surface without increasing the diameter of the disks.

According to the nature of the liquid under treatment, the disks may be mounted upon the shafts S with their planes at right angles or inclined to the shaft, or they may be arranged in the form ofian endless or Archimedean screw.

This arrangement is especially advantageous when the burning of the inspissated liquid is .to be guarded against, or when the evapora tion is effected in closed vessels, as in the gen-' eration of steam, or when it is desired to still further accelerate the evaporation by agitation of the liquid, as in the case of distilling from the mash or generating steam. The agitation of the liquid sets free the vapors as fast as they are generated, andin the caseof steamboilers or other closed vessels the rapid oxidation thereof or the iucrustation is prevented.

It is evident that when a series ofthe described disks or of blades are slowly rotated in a liquid that portion thereof which is carried above the level of the liquid in a thin film and exposed to the vaporizing medium will be evaporated before the surface to which such film adheres is again immersed in the body of the liquid. In this manner the evaporation is carried on in a most rapid manner, as will be readily understood.

In vessels of oblong form several disk-shafts S may be employed, and they may be arranged so that the disks of one shaft will rotate between the disks of the adjoining shafts, as shown in Figs. 10,16, and 17, and when set at an angle to or in the form of an Archimedean screw upon such shafts the liquid will be caused to travel continuously toward one end of the vessel. Thus the liquid in the corners G of such vessel is also agitated, (which would not be the case were the disks mounted upon the fl 254M053 shaft or shafts S with their planes at right angles thereto,) as shown in Figs. 1, 2, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18.

In Figs. 8 and 91 have shown the disks applied to a household utensil forinspissating or evaporating fruit'juices or for making preserves. As shown, it may be mounted upon a suitable stand and heated by a kerosene or other lamp, or it may be constructed to fit upon a cooking-stove.

In Figs. 10 and 11 I have shown an appa ratus for desiccatin g or evaporating fecal matter or sewage, and the apparatus is provided with a series of shafts S, carrying disks D, so arranged that the disks upon one shaft will rotate between the disks of the adjacent shafts. All the shafts S are driven from a single driving-pulley through the medium of toothed gearing. In such apparatus ammonia is carried over with the aqueous vapor, which may be recovered by means of sulphuric acid. For this purpose 1 provide a separate reservoir, R, at I by means of the sulphuric acid, and as a large proportion of aqueous vapors is absorbed by the acid I remove it from time to time by allowing it to fiow into a well arranged at the chimney end of the combustion-chamber. In this well W is arranged a shaft, S", that carries also a series of disks. By means of this arrangement the ammonia is recovered in the form of a sulphate.

In Figs. 12,13,14, and 15 I have shown the method and means applied to distilling and inspissating apparatuses. In the latter two figures I have also shown an arrangement of devices whereby the evaporation may be hastened by means of a strong draft of air during the process of filling the apparatus, which, like the still, is heated by a steam-jacket, the liquid being fed in the form of a spray, and by injecting steam into the flue pipe at strong draftis produced, the air entering at the door L, and a partial evaporation effected by rotating the disk-shafts.

Figs. 16 and 17 show the devices applied to the usual brine or evaporating pan used in salt-works, and in Fig. 18 I have shown their application to steam-boilers.

ICC

As a result of the use of the cvaporatingmore or less effectually prevent incrustation.

I wish it to be understood that I do not desire to claim broadly the use of a series of disks partially immersed and arranged to rotate in rugated disks,D,n1ounted spirally uponashaft,

S, in combination with a suitable vessel for containing the liquid to be evaporated, in the contents of which said disks are partially immersed and caused to revolve, whereby the liquid is not only more rapidly evaporated, but

kept continuously moving from one end of the vessel tothe other, asset forth.

2. Thecombination,with asupporting-shaft, 20 of a series of disks, D, provided with a central aperture and a radial slot gradually increasing in diameter from the central aperture tothe periphery of the disk, whereby said disks may be mounted upon the shaft in the form of 2 5 a spiral or Archimedean screw, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

In testimony whereof I aflix m y signature in presence of two witnesses.

ADOLPH GONTARD.

Witnesses v OABL' Liinnns, GEORGE LOUBIER.