US2521426A - High-voltage evacuated acceleration tube for increasing the total voltage and voltage gradient thereof - Google Patents

High-voltage evacuated acceleration tube for increasing the total voltage and voltage gradient thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
US2521426A
US2521426A US81648A US8164849A US2521426A US 2521426 A US2521426 A US 2521426A US 81648 A US81648 A US 81648A US 8164849 A US8164849 A US 8164849A US 2521426 A US2521426 A US 2521426A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
tube
voltage
axial
acceleration
diaphragms
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US81648A
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English (en)
Inventor
John G Trump
Robert W Cloud
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Research Corp
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Research Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority to NL86382D priority Critical patent/NL86382C/xx
Priority to NL92472D priority patent/NL92472C/xx
Priority to BE492027D priority patent/BE492027A/xx
Application filed by Research Corp filed Critical Research Corp
Priority to US81648A priority patent/US2521426A/en
Priority to GB26063/49A priority patent/GB683475A/en
Priority to FR1000058D priority patent/FR1000058A/fr
Priority to GB3714/50A priority patent/GB683485A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2521426A publication Critical patent/US2521426A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B57/00—Automatic control, checking, warning, or safety devices
    • B65B57/10—Automatic control, checking, warning, or safety devices responsive to absence, presence, abnormal feed, or misplacement of articles or materials to be packaged
    • B65B57/14—Automatic control, checking, warning, or safety devices responsive to absence, presence, abnormal feed, or misplacement of articles or materials to be packaged and operating to control, or stop, the feed of articles or material to be packaged
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04F—TIME-INTERVAL MEASURING
    • G04F3/00—Apparatus which can be set and started to measure-off predetermined or adjustably-fixed time intervals with driving mechanisms, e.g. dosimeters with clockwork
    • G04F3/02—Apparatus which can be set and started to measure-off predetermined or adjustably-fixed time intervals with driving mechanisms, e.g. dosimeters with clockwork with mechanical driving mechanisms
    • G04F3/022—Apparatus which can be set and started to measure-off predetermined or adjustably-fixed time intervals with driving mechanisms, e.g. dosimeters with clockwork with mechanical driving mechanisms using mechanical signalling device
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J5/00—Details relating to vessels or to leading-in conductors common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J5/02—Vessels; Containers; Shields associated therewith; Vacuum locks
    • H01J5/06—Vessels or containers specially adapted for operation at high tension, e.g. by improved potential distribution over surface of vessel

Definitions

  • This invention particularly relates to evacuated, high-voltage, acceleration tubes of unusual voltage strength and compactness, for the purpose of increasing the total voltage and the voltage gradient that can be applied thereo.
  • an acceleration tube or type of electronic tube, comprising or including a series of metallic disk or diaphragm electrodes alternating with annular members of glass or other suitable insulating material.
  • the acceleration tube here-.
  • Our present invention is, however, not concerned particularly with or limited to the manner or means for joining the metallic electrodes and the insulating annular members to constitute the envelope of the tube, but is concerned with means for increasing the total voltage which can 1 he electrode disks or diaphragms of which the in 1895 there have been persistent efforts to increase the voltage which could be applied to acceleration tubes.
  • the eiifect of higher voltages is to increase the penetrating power and intensity of the radiation.
  • X-rays produced by several million volts are more suitable for the irradiation of deep tumors in cancer therapy and are capable of quick radiographic examination of heavy metal sections.
  • Such high-voltage acceleration tubes are needed also for the acceleration of electrons and positive ions in a variety of pure and applied research undertakings, including the investigation of the structure of the atomic nucleus.
  • Multi-stage acceleration tubes capable of operating with voltage gradients of one-million volts per foot of column have been successfully built for two-million volt operation. These voltage gradients along the column of an evacuated tube accelerating substantial electron or positive-ion currents are far in excess of those thus far common to the art.
  • Such metallic electrodes have been, identical with each other in shape and size throughout :the length of the acceleration tube, and the in- --sulating annular members of-glass, porcelainor thelike have also been identical with each other.
  • Thesaid electrode disks or diaphragms have been thin and the annular insulation members have been of relatively larger. thickness so that next adjacent metallic electrode disks'or diaphragms have been separated from eachiother in the preferred construction by a substantial -part of an inch or even more in :tubes of larger diameter.
  • Fig. 1 is a vertical, longitudinal, central section, with an intermediate part broken away, taken through an acceleration tube embodying our invention, and wherein the axial circular holes through the metallic electrode disks or diaphragms gradually increase in diameter from the I cathode end to the anode end of the tube;
  • Fig. 2 is a sectional view similar to Fig. 1,
  • Fig. 3 is a sectional view generally similar to Fig. 1, but showing a construction wherein the diameters of the axial circular holes through electrode disks or diaphragms increase in a series of steps, each step including a small number of electrodes having the same diameter of axial holes;
  • Fig. 4 is a sectional view generally similar to Fig. 2, but showing a construction wherein the axial circular holes through the electrode disks or diaphragms are of the largest diameter at the cathode end of the tube and uniformly decrease in diameter as in Fig. 2, and then increase in steps to the anode end, each such step including several electrode disks or diaphragms having the same diameter of axial circular holes; and
  • Figs. 5 and 6 are plan views of modified constructions of the metallic electrode disks or diaphragms.
  • the saidacceleration tube is in practice mounted within a high-voltage generator in such a way that the cathode end is within the highvoltage terminal and the tube columnis within the column of the generator itself.
  • the cathode assembly is herein shown as comprising a removable cathode head 3 secured by bolts 4 to the body portion 5 of the said cathode assembly, there being a suitable circular gasket 6 between said parts 3 and 5.
  • lated filament lead I is provided, having a suitable filament 8, such as tungsten, which may be such as is disclosed in our said Patent 2,460,201.
  • the anode assembly 2 of suitable construction is provided with an anode target 9 preferably of gold, as disclosed in one of the pending applications hereinbefore referred to.
  • the column or envelope of the acceleration tube is composed of a multiplicity of alternating glass, porcelain or other annular insulation members I0 and metallic electrode disks or diaphragms II which desirably are bonded together by a plastic film, as fully disclosed and claimed in our said Patent 2,460,201, but which film is not indicated in the drawings because of draft- A suitable insu- .1
  • the said. annular insula- ,.tionmembers Ill andthe metallic electrode disks 2 or diaphragms 'I I' lie accurately placed in planes I perpendicular to the axis of the acceleration tube and are placed at equal distances apart.
  • the said electrode disks or diaphragms II are desirably placed one-third of an inch apart.
  • the insulating column of. the acceleration tube is shown as transversely broken away, because of drafting space limitations.
  • the diameter of the axial holes through the annular insulation members or rings In is uniform throughout the tube and is such that the internal diameter of the insulating column at the inner wall at said annular insulation members I0 is three inches.
  • Each annular insulation member I0 is nearly three-quarters of an inch thick in said disclosed embodiment of the invention.
  • the outer edges of the annular insulation members I 0 and the metallic electrode disks or diaphragms I I we have referred to the outer edges of the annular insulation members I 0 and the metallic electrode disks or diaphragms I I as substantially coterminous.
  • the outside diameter of the said electrode disks or diaphragms II is, in the disclosure referred to, four and threequarters inches as compared with the said four and one-half inch outside diameter of the annular insulation members I0, and each of said electrode'disks or diaphragms II has a thickness of .050 of an inch.
  • Each of the said metallic electrode disks or diaphragms II is provided with an axial hole therethrough, to which the numeral I2 is generally applied.
  • the'axial holes of the entire series of electrode disks or diaphragms were of the same diameter and area.
  • the electrode disks or diaphragms II are, in accordance with our present. invention, arranged with progressively varying internal geometry.
  • the axial circular holes I2 progressively increase in size from a smallest value eagazrgaae 57 at the'fcathode pnd oi' the accelerationtuberto :a larger value'at'fopneari'theanbde.end thereof.
  • the axial circular hole l2 through thetopmost electrode disk or diaphragm II istwo inches, and-infsuccessive electrode disks-or diap l'fi ms: I l:- ;the Si e oft the -.axial holes [2 thereof rg-r-adua-llw decreases to --three-quarters of an inch in diameter at the eighth electrode disk -or diaphragm from.-the -cathode end of the tube, and-.from there on to -the anode end ofthe tubegthe diameter'of the axial circular holes it gradually .-increases,to two inches.-
  • each of the electrode disks ordiaphragms is provided with an axial ofthe electrode disks or dia hragms, especiallyhole only, theseholes' varying in area or diameter as hereinbefore described.
  • the axialqholes areof the least area or diameter, and-where the tube is intended forthe: acceleration of positive ions; the reduction of the area-of axial holes does'or may cut portantconsideration, Therefore; 'in, those dia- ,phrams wherethe area of the-axial holeisactu- ,ally rather small, we provide oneor.
  • the axial holes are all centrally and concentrically positioned and differas.
  • Fig. 6 wehave represented two diaphragm ure. makesit..evident that the eccentricity is slightly circumferentially advanced in the low er diaphragm with respect to the upper diaphragm. That is, the orientation is slightly changed. As stated,-such-variation of the eccentricit -may be clockwise or contraclockwise.
  • Our invention comprehends increasing the voltage gradient which can be applied to an evaculated m ultiple-electrode tube for the acceleration of charged particles. to high energiesand of reducing stray currents in such a tube by markedly reducing the tendency for multiplication of stray charged particlesbecause of secondary emission b collision with successive'elec trode diaphragm, We do this byiproviding "a progressive variance with respect to each other of the holesin the electrodes through which'the particles pass; Such,,progressive variance of the holes in the electrodediaphragms may be in size,
  • An evacuated high voltage acceleration tube for increasing the voltage and voltage gradient which can be applied along the insulating envelope thereof in effecting the progressive acceleration of charged particles to high energies and for reducing the tendency to or opportunity That is to for producing secondaryparticles such as electrons, positive ions and photons in said tube, com-. prising a multiplicityofmetallic ring-like,elec-. i trode members and alternating insulating ringlike members only, bondedtogether in face-toe face relation to constitute -the; insulating enve-.
  • An evacuated high-voltage acceleration tube for increasing the voltage and voltage gradient which can be applied along the insulating envelope thereof in effecting the progressive acceleration of charged particles to high energies and for reducing the tendency to or opportunity for producing secondary particles such as electrons, positive ions and photons in said tube, comprising a multiplicity of metallic ring-like electrode members and alternating insulating ring-like members only, bonded together in face-to-face relation to constitute the insulating envelope thereof, and having at its respective ends cathode and anode assemblies, the areas or diameters of the axial holes of the said metallic electrode members of said tube varying among themselves, at least one of the metallic electrode members having substantially a smallest axial opening therein, being provided with at least one additional small through-hole to assist in maintaining pumping speed.
  • An evacuated high-voltage acceleration tube for the acceleration of particles to high energies comprising a multiplicity'bf. metallic ring-like electrode members and alternating insulating ring-like members constituting the insulating envelope thereof, the said tube having at its respective ends cathode and anodeassemblies', the said 5 tube, for the purpose of increasing the voltage and voltage gradient which can be applied alongthe insulating envelope thereof for the progressive-acceleration of charged particles to high energies, having the axial holes of said metallic ring-like electrode members progressively in creased in diameter from a smallest value at the cathode end of the tube to a larger value near the anode end thereof; 1
  • An evacuated high-voltage acceleration tube for the acceleration of particles to high energies comprising a multiplicity of metallic ring-like electrode members and alternating insulating ring-like members constituting the insulating envelope thereof, the said tube having at its respective ends cathode and anode assemblies, the said tube, for the purpose of increasing the voltage and voltage gradient which can be applied along the insulating envelope thereof for the maximal sive' acceleration or charged particles to high energies, having the axial holes differentiated among themselves by reason of a gradual increase in size thereof from thecathode end to the anod end of the-said tube.
  • An evacuated, multiple electrode, accelera tion' tube for the acceleration of electron's or posi f tive ions to high energies comprising a multiplicity of alternating insulation rings and metallic electrode disks only, bonded directly to each other throughout the tube, the diameters of the axial holes of the insulation rings beinguniioi'in throughout the tube, the said tube having a can: ode assembly and an anode assembly bonded'di rectly at opposite ends to the final'insulation'f rings at said ends, the said electrode disks T40 each provided with an axial holetherethrough for the passage of charged particles the areasorf diameters of said axial holes offthe 'said elec trode disks only, being varied with respect to each other.
  • each of the'said electrode disks being provided with an axial hole, therethrough for the passage of, chargedjpar; ticles, the areasor diameters of the said axial holes of the electrode disks being varied with respect to each other, the said cylindrical acceloration tube having a cathode assembly and an 'anode assembly respectively bonded to the ter'- minal insulation rings at the opposite ends of thesai'd cylindricalaccelerationtube.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)
  • Electromechanical Clocks (AREA)
US81648A 1949-03-16 1949-03-16 High-voltage evacuated acceleration tube for increasing the total voltage and voltage gradient thereof Expired - Lifetime US2521426A (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL86382D NL86382C (US06262066-20010717-C00424.png) 1949-03-16
NL92472D NL92472C (US06262066-20010717-C00424.png) 1949-03-16
BE492027D BE492027A (US06262066-20010717-C00424.png) 1949-03-16
US81648A US2521426A (en) 1949-03-16 1949-03-16 High-voltage evacuated acceleration tube for increasing the total voltage and voltage gradient thereof
GB26063/49A GB683475A (en) 1949-03-16 1949-10-11 Improvements in or relating to electric discharge tubes for accelerating particles
FR1000058D FR1000058A (fr) 1949-03-16 1949-10-27 Tube d'accélération à vide à haute tension
GB3714/50A GB683485A (en) 1949-03-16 1950-02-14 Time alarm

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US81648A US2521426A (en) 1949-03-16 1949-03-16 High-voltage evacuated acceleration tube for increasing the total voltage and voltage gradient thereof

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US2521426A true US2521426A (en) 1950-09-05

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US81648A Expired - Lifetime US2521426A (en) 1949-03-16 1949-03-16 High-voltage evacuated acceleration tube for increasing the total voltage and voltage gradient thereof

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US (1) US2521426A (US06262066-20010717-C00424.png)
BE (1) BE492027A (US06262066-20010717-C00424.png)
FR (1) FR1000058A (US06262066-20010717-C00424.png)
GB (2) GB683475A (US06262066-20010717-C00424.png)
NL (2) NL86382C (US06262066-20010717-C00424.png)

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2604599A (en) * 1949-09-17 1952-07-22 Sylvania Electric Prod Cathode-ray tube
US2640948A (en) * 1950-09-21 1953-06-02 High Voltage Engineering Corp Apparatus for utilizing a beam of high energy electrons in sterilization and in therapy
US2810855A (en) * 1953-04-14 1957-10-22 Vickers Electrical Co Ltd Linear accelerators for charged particles
US2853622A (en) * 1955-02-14 1958-09-23 Gen Electric Electron discharge apparatus
US2859378A (en) * 1956-05-21 1958-11-04 Gen Electric Electrode system for cathode ray tubes
US2888596A (en) * 1952-08-08 1959-05-26 Raytheon Mfg Co Traveling wave tubes
US2945980A (en) * 1954-07-02 1960-07-19 Applied Radiation Corp Vacuum tube
DE1089484B (de) * 1956-05-05 1960-09-22 Anton Eisl Dr Ing Elektrische Entladungsroehre fuer sehr hohe Spannungen
US3036233A (en) * 1958-11-11 1962-05-22 Vickers Electrical Co Ltd Charged particle accelerators
US3126439A (en) * 1964-03-24 High-voltage electrical insulating bushing
US3735128A (en) * 1971-08-27 1973-05-22 Physical Electronics Ind Inc Field termination plate
US3764838A (en) * 1971-08-19 1973-10-09 R Charpentier Insulating ring for particle accelerator tubes and acceleration tube including the same
JPS53126464U (US06262066-20010717-C00424.png) * 1977-03-09 1978-10-07
US4587954A (en) * 1983-12-29 1986-05-13 Habley Medical Technology Corporation Elastomeric prosthetic sphincter
US4879518A (en) * 1987-10-13 1989-11-07 Sysmed, Inc. Linear particle accelerator with seal structure between electrodes and insulators
US4906896A (en) * 1988-10-03 1990-03-06 Science Applications International Corporation Disk and washer linac and method of manufacture
US20130195679A1 (en) * 2010-04-02 2013-08-01 National Institute Of Information And Communicatio Ion pump system

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1981537A (en) * 1932-05-20 1934-11-20 Gen Electric High voltage discharge tube and circuits therefor
US2145727A (en) * 1937-12-28 1939-01-31 Gen Electric High voltage discharge apparatus
US2156813A (en) * 1936-08-26 1939-05-02 Robert J Kautz Electronic camera
US2182185A (en) * 1938-06-24 1939-12-05 Research Corp High voltage ionic discharge device
US2227051A (en) * 1933-09-23 1940-12-31 Wienecke Bruno Braun tube
US2336774A (en) * 1941-08-18 1943-12-14 Gen Electric X Ray Corp X-ray tube
US2376439A (en) * 1943-06-18 1945-05-22 Machlett Lab Inc Insulating structure
US2420560A (en) * 1942-05-30 1947-05-13 Gen Electric Electron microscope
US2460201A (en) * 1946-12-20 1949-01-25 Research Corp Laminated envelope structure for electron discharge devices

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1981537A (en) * 1932-05-20 1934-11-20 Gen Electric High voltage discharge tube and circuits therefor
US2227051A (en) * 1933-09-23 1940-12-31 Wienecke Bruno Braun tube
US2156813A (en) * 1936-08-26 1939-05-02 Robert J Kautz Electronic camera
US2145727A (en) * 1937-12-28 1939-01-31 Gen Electric High voltage discharge apparatus
US2182185A (en) * 1938-06-24 1939-12-05 Research Corp High voltage ionic discharge device
US2336774A (en) * 1941-08-18 1943-12-14 Gen Electric X Ray Corp X-ray tube
US2420560A (en) * 1942-05-30 1947-05-13 Gen Electric Electron microscope
US2376439A (en) * 1943-06-18 1945-05-22 Machlett Lab Inc Insulating structure
US2460201A (en) * 1946-12-20 1949-01-25 Research Corp Laminated envelope structure for electron discharge devices

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3126439A (en) * 1964-03-24 High-voltage electrical insulating bushing
US2604599A (en) * 1949-09-17 1952-07-22 Sylvania Electric Prod Cathode-ray tube
US2640948A (en) * 1950-09-21 1953-06-02 High Voltage Engineering Corp Apparatus for utilizing a beam of high energy electrons in sterilization and in therapy
US2888596A (en) * 1952-08-08 1959-05-26 Raytheon Mfg Co Traveling wave tubes
US2810855A (en) * 1953-04-14 1957-10-22 Vickers Electrical Co Ltd Linear accelerators for charged particles
US2945980A (en) * 1954-07-02 1960-07-19 Applied Radiation Corp Vacuum tube
US2853622A (en) * 1955-02-14 1958-09-23 Gen Electric Electron discharge apparatus
DE1089484B (de) * 1956-05-05 1960-09-22 Anton Eisl Dr Ing Elektrische Entladungsroehre fuer sehr hohe Spannungen
US2859378A (en) * 1956-05-21 1958-11-04 Gen Electric Electrode system for cathode ray tubes
US3036233A (en) * 1958-11-11 1962-05-22 Vickers Electrical Co Ltd Charged particle accelerators
US3764838A (en) * 1971-08-19 1973-10-09 R Charpentier Insulating ring for particle accelerator tubes and acceleration tube including the same
US3735128A (en) * 1971-08-27 1973-05-22 Physical Electronics Ind Inc Field termination plate
JPS53126464U (US06262066-20010717-C00424.png) * 1977-03-09 1978-10-07
JPS5755729Y2 (US06262066-20010717-C00424.png) * 1977-03-09 1982-12-01
US4587954A (en) * 1983-12-29 1986-05-13 Habley Medical Technology Corporation Elastomeric prosthetic sphincter
US4879518A (en) * 1987-10-13 1989-11-07 Sysmed, Inc. Linear particle accelerator with seal structure between electrodes and insulators
US4906896A (en) * 1988-10-03 1990-03-06 Science Applications International Corporation Disk and washer linac and method of manufacture
US20130195679A1 (en) * 2010-04-02 2013-08-01 National Institute Of Information And Communicatio Ion pump system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE492027A (US06262066-20010717-C00424.png)
GB683475A (en) 1952-11-26
NL92472C (US06262066-20010717-C00424.png)
FR1000058A (fr) 1952-02-07
NL86382C (US06262066-20010717-C00424.png)
GB683485A (en) 1952-11-26

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