US2521353A - Transmitter - Google Patents

Transmitter Download PDF

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Publication number
US2521353A
US2521353A US631096A US63109645A US2521353A US 2521353 A US2521353 A US 2521353A US 631096 A US631096 A US 631096A US 63109645 A US63109645 A US 63109645A US 2521353 A US2521353 A US 2521353A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
tube
tubes
trigger
grid
signal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US631096A
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English (en)
Inventor
Clyde J Fitch
Robert N Eichorn
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
International Business Machines Corp
Original Assignee
International Business Machines Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by International Business Machines Corp filed Critical International Business Machines Corp
Priority to US631096A priority Critical patent/US2521353A/en
Priority to GB28518/46A priority patent/GB635224A/en
Priority to FR935151D priority patent/FR935151A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2521353A publication Critical patent/US2521353A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L17/00—Apparatus or local circuits for transmitting or receiving codes wherein each character is represented by the same number of equal-length code elements, e.g. Baudot code
    • H04L17/02—Apparatus or circuits at the transmitting end
    • H04L17/04—Apparatus or circuits at the transmitting end with keyboard co-operating with code-bars
    • H04L17/06—Contact operating means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
    • H04L25/38—Synchronous or start-stop systems, e.g. for Baudot code
    • H04L25/40—Transmitting circuits; Receiving circuits
    • H04L25/45—Transmitting circuits; Receiving circuits using electronic distributors

Definitions

  • Another object is to provide a keyboard; operated telegraph transmitter permitting a partial overlap in operation of two successive keys.
  • Another object is to provide a device of the-kind described providing stable operation over a wide range of supply line. voltages.
  • the invention is in the nature of an improvement upon the transmitter shown in Patent No. 2,210,577, being distinguished from said transmitter by the fact that, the signal elements are stored in trigger tubes, ratherthan in relays.
  • Fig; I is a complete circuit diagram of a transmitter embodying the invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a diagram of the voltage waves of the sequence tubes.
  • Fig. 3 is a diagram of a typical tone signal transmitted.
  • 4' is a diagram of the code signal corresponding to the tone signal shown in Fig. 3.
  • the invention is shown embodied in an electronic startstop transmitter of the type shown in Patent No. 2,210,577.
  • Voltage for operating the transmitter is taken firom an AC. line through a plug i and rectified by a selenium rectifier 8.
  • the D. C. voltage appears across a condenser 9 at the polarity indicated, and across a voltage divider consisting of resistances- I 2, 3, 4*, 5, anda potentiometer 5
  • a transformer l supplies alternating current to the tube filaments, partially represented at H, and to a selenium rectifier l2, which sets upa bias vo1-t ageacrossa condenser" F3.
  • the transmitter includes a sweep circuit comprising seguence vacuum tubes Vfi-Vt and transhirm'ers Fly-T1
  • the cathode of the tube V0 is connected by a Wire 20- to a point l8 on the voltage divider l--6, while the cathodes of tubes 26' maintain its grid slightly positive.
  • Vl-V8 are connected through a common wire 21 to a point l9 on said voltage divider.
  • The'plate of the Vacuum tube V0 is connected through the primary winding of transformer T0" and awireifl to the positive end of voltage divider I--E, while the plates of tubes Vi -VT are connected through the primar windings of transformers Tl--T'
  • the plate of tube V8 is connected through a plate resistor 2 and wires 25 and 22 to-the' positive end of the voltage divider l--6Z
  • the grid of thetui ie V0 is connected to the cathode of the same tube through a resistance 26.
  • transformer Tl which drives the grid of. tube V2 positive with respect to its cathode.
  • The. sweep passes down through the sequence tubes in the same manner, each: tube remaining conductive for a definite interval, for example, 10 milliseconds (see Fig. 2").
  • the intervals can be adjusted by shifting the arm of potentiometer 5- and thereby changing the normal bias on the grids of the sequence tubes.
  • gas trigger tubes Gi -G8 There are six gas trigger tubes Gi -G8, one for each code element of the signal.
  • the cathodes of these trigger tubes are connected through a wire 32 to the negative end of the voltage divider
  • the plates of the tubes GiG8 are connected through plate ersistors 36 and a wire 3? to the cathode of a vacuum tube Vi l.
  • the plate of this tube is connected by wires 25 and 22 to the positive end of voltage divider l-E.
  • the grid of the tube V! l is connected through resistances 38 and 39 (the former shunted by a condenser 4l) to the plate of the tube V8.
  • the cathode of tube Vi? is connected through a. resistance 40 to the negative end of voltage divider [-6.
  • the control grids of tubes Gl-G6 are connected through grid resistors 42 and wire 4! toan intermediate point 45' of a voltage divider 45 extending from Wire 32 to a wire 44 leading to the negative side of condenser I3.
  • the shield grids of the tubes G!G6 are connected through grid resistors 43 and wire 44 to the negative side of condenser [3.
  • the upper part of voltage divider 45 is shunted by a condenser 46.
  • the screen grids of tubes Gl-GG can be connected through respective normally open contacts (II-C and a wire 41 to the cathodes of said tubes.
  • the contacts C1-C6 may be the permutation contacts of a keyboard transmitter, such as shown in Patent No. 2,355,297, or they may be the contacts of a tape reading unit such as shown in Patent No. 2,320,788.
  • the dotted line 48 represents the plug connection of the keyboard transmitter or tape reader to the transmitter circuit.
  • the vacuum tube V! I is normally conductive, its grid being connected to its plate, and that current flows in resistance 40. Due to the voltage drop in resistance 40, the vacuum tubes VI IVI6 are normally biased off, and continue to be so even when the related trigger tubes are conductive. Also, the control grids and shield grids of trigger tubes G
  • the screen grids can be brought selectively to "cathode potential by closure of the related contacts Cl-CB.
  • the tube will fire.
  • This has the eiiect of providing a conductive path from the cathodes of the respective coupling tubes VI IVI6 to the negative end of voltage divider l-6.
  • l--Vl 6 connected to a trigger tube GIG6 which is in a conductive state will establish a conductive path from signal wire 50 to the negative end of voltage divider l5 and will thereby control a signal output device in a manner to be described presently.
  • the signal output device comprises a vacuum tube V20, which is an oscillator continuously in operation. Its plate is connected through wire 22 to the positive end of voltage divider
  • the transformer 56 couples the oscillator circuit to the grids of a pair of vacuum tubes V2l and V22 connectedin a push pull arrangement. The cathodes of these tubes are connected by wire 23 to the point I!
  • the plates of the tubes V2! and V22 are connected to the end of the primary winding of a transformer 62 connected at a center tap through wire 22 to the positive end of voltage divider
  • the transformer 62 couples the amplifier V2!- V22 to a pair of amplifier tubes V23 and V24, the grid of V23 being connected through a grid resistor 63 to one end of the secondary winding of transformer 62, while the grid of tube V24 is connected through a grid resistor 64 to a volume control potentiometer 65 shunting the secondary winding of transformer 62.
  • the cathodes of tubes V23 and V24 are connected through cathode resistors 65 to one end of the secondary winding of transformer 62 and, by Way of wire 32, to the negative end of the voltage divider l8.
  • the plates of tubes V23 and V24 are connected through tuned circuits each comprising a condenser 6'!
  • transformer TM goes to a monitoring device (not shown), While the output of transformer TS is sent through any suitable communication channel.
  • each complete signal consists of a start signal, six code signal elements, and a 'stop'signal (see Fig. 4).
  • a condenser 8 to the ati ve The start signal and spacing signal elements are represented by oscillation's', while the stop signal and marking signal elements are represented byno oscillations (see Fig. 3).
  • a start contact CS which is closed when any one of the contacts ClC,8'is closed (see contactQfi of Patent No. 2,355,297)
  • One side'of contact'CS is connected by Wire 4! to the negative end of voltage divider I6, while the other sideis connected to the'shield grid of a gaseous start tube G 8.
  • This grid is normally biased to cut-ofi the tube byconnection through a resistor 90 and wire 44' to the negative bias terminal of rectifier [2.
  • the plate of tube G8 is connected to the cathode of a vacuum tube Vii], whose plate is connected by a wire 15, resistance 26 .-andwi1'e' 29, to the point l8 of voltage divider 1- 6,
  • the grid of the tube VH1 is connected through a gridiresistor Hi to wireZi! and thus the tube VIO. is normally conductive.
  • tube G8 is brought up tocathode potentialand the 'tube. is fired. and current flows through a circuit extending from the .point [8 of the voltage divider l-S through Wire 20, resistance 26, wire 15, tubes V13 and G8, and wire 32, to the negative end of voltage divider l-.
  • The'voltage drop through resistance 25 biase off the normally conductive tube Vii and starts the sweep. sequence. It also transmits a negativevoltagewave through plate of tube Qlland ex- -tinguishes this tube.
  • This' constitutes a marking element, in-conformance-with the first signal element-ofthe signal select d-fortilustrationlsee Figs.3and4).
  • a positive pulse' ' is transmitted 'to the grids-"of tubes V3 and W2, rendering these tubes conductive.
  • the corresponding tube G3 interrupts the circuit 'throughthe resistance 5-9 and signal wire Wand oscillations continue to be transmitted :to the transformers TM and TS.
  • the sixth signal element
  • the negative voltage wave .frcin the plate of tube V8 is transmitted through a wire 80 and condenser 8
  • the potential o'fits plate rises and a positive voltage wave is transmitted through a condenserBZ to the control grid of'gas tube'GS, rendering this tubev conductive.
  • the circuit parameters may be determined so that each signal element .is equal to zit- ⁇ milliseconds, for example. Since there are ei t e 8- -ments in each signal, namely, start, :stop and.
  • nne complete cycle of operation would then be 80 milliseconds.
  • tube Vl'l is unlocked at the same instant that .G9 is extinguished. Since the tubes Gl-G5 will not ignite until after VI! unlocks, and since they cannot ignite after G9 is extinguished, it is :necessary to provide some delay in the decay of the bias voltage on the control grids of the tubes GI -G9. This delay is provided by the condenser When power is first applied to the circuit. the standby tube G9 is non-conductive, and oscillations are continuously transmitted to the transformers TM and TS. By closing the contact CS :the standby condition is established, the tube G9 being ignited and the oscillations being cut off from the transformers TM and TS.
  • a transmitter for operation by a keyboard having a plurality of combinationally operated signal element contacts and a start contact which is closed whenever any one or more of th signal element contacts is closed; a set of gaseous trigger tubes, one for each of said signal element contacts, for storing respective signal elements, each of said trigger tubes having an anode, a cathode, and two grids; a voltage source; means connecting the anodes, the cathodes, and the grids of said trigger tubes to said voltage source so that each grid is normally.
  • each of said signal element contacts being connected to one grid of the related trigger tube and to said voltage source in such a way that when a contact is closed the bias on the related grid is reduced sufiiciently to release the tube to the control of its other grid; a gaseous standby tube connected to said voltage source and to all of the second grids of said trigger tubes in common, in such a way as to remove the bias potential from said second grids when said standby tube is ignited; signal output means; readout means including a plurality of sequentially operable devices for subjecting said signal output means to the control of each of said trigger tubes in succession; start means controlled by said start contact for starting the operation of said readout means; means controlled by said start means for extinguishing said standby tube and restoring the cut-ofi bias to said second grids of the trigger tubes; means controlled by the last of said sequentially operable devices for cutting ofi said voltage source from the anodes of said trigger tubes, to extinguish any ignited trigger tubes;
  • a voltage source a signal output circuit including a control element, a set of storage trigger tubes for storing respective signal elements, a start trigger tube, each of said trigger tubes comprising an anode, a cathode and a grid
  • means for connecting the anodes of said storage trigger tubes to said voltage source comprising a single grid controlled vacuum tube for all anodes and a plurality of current limiting resistors for the individual anodes
  • means for conmeeting the anode of said start tube to said voltage source including a grid controlled vacuum tube
  • storage control means for selectively controlling the potential on the rids of said trigger tubes to ignite said tubes selectively in combinations
  • start control means operated in conjunction with said storage control means for controlling the potential on the grid of said start tube to cause said tube to ignite
  • a transmitter for operation by a keyboard having a plurality of combinationally operated signal element contacts and a start contact which are held closed for a definite period of time when operated, said start contact being closed whenever any one or more of said signal element contacts are closed; a set of gaseous trigger tubes, one for each of said signal element contacts, for storing respective signal elements, each of said trigger tubes having an anode, a cathode, and control electrode means, a voltage source, means connecting the anodes, the cathodes, and the control electrode means of said trigger tubes to said voltage source, locking means whereby the voltage applied to said control electrode means can be conditioned to prevent the ignition of said trigger tubes, voltage controlled means for conditioning said locking means to unlock or to lock said trigger tubes, voltage controlled means for interrupting the anode connection of said trigger tubes to said volotage source, means including said signal element contacts for selectively igniting said trigger tubes when said locking means is conditioned to permit them to be ignited, signal output means, readout means including a plurality or sequentially operable devices

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Amplifiers (AREA)
  • Selective Calling Equipment (AREA)
US631096A 1945-11-27 1945-11-27 Transmitter Expired - Lifetime US2521353A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US631096A US2521353A (en) 1945-11-27 1945-11-27 Transmitter
GB28518/46A GB635224A (en) 1945-11-27 1946-09-24 Improvements in or relating to start-stop telegraph systems or the like
FR935151D FR935151A (fr) 1945-11-27 1946-10-26 Perfectionnements aux dispositifs de transmission

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US631096A US2521353A (en) 1945-11-27 1945-11-27 Transmitter

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US2521353A true US2521353A (en) 1950-09-05

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US631096A Expired - Lifetime US2521353A (en) 1945-11-27 1945-11-27 Transmitter

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US (1) US2521353A (fr)
FR (1) FR935151A (fr)
GB (1) GB635224A (fr)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2680777A (en) * 1950-09-28 1954-06-08 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electronic switching circuit
US2720586A (en) * 1950-12-30 1955-10-11 Ibm Counting circuit for photographic recorder
US2748188A (en) * 1950-09-11 1956-05-29 Color Television Inc Color television synchronizing apparatus
US2806901A (en) * 1953-04-23 1957-09-17 Syrl K Ferguson Electronic message timing circuit
US2863139A (en) * 1952-04-25 1958-12-02 Michelson Louis High speed electronic scanner
US2900448A (en) * 1955-11-14 1959-08-18 Teletype Corp Start-stop telegraph signal generator
US3873978A (en) * 1973-03-16 1975-03-25 Alps Electric Co Ltd Keyboard circuit

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB8717310D0 (en) * 1987-07-22 1987-08-26 Dale G H Roller drive unit

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1555870A (en) * 1923-06-27 1925-10-06 American Telephone & Telegraph Telegraph repeater
US2168198A (en) * 1937-12-17 1939-08-01 Frederick W Frink Electrical counting system
US2210574A (en) * 1938-09-16 1940-08-06 Ibm Signaling system
US2247167A (en) * 1939-10-28 1941-06-24 Gen Electric Electric valve circuits
US2400574A (en) * 1943-12-11 1946-05-21 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Start-stop receiving selector mechanism
US2415944A (en) * 1943-11-15 1947-02-18 Stewart Warner Corp Electric fence charging apparatus

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1555870A (en) * 1923-06-27 1925-10-06 American Telephone & Telegraph Telegraph repeater
US2168198A (en) * 1937-12-17 1939-08-01 Frederick W Frink Electrical counting system
US2210574A (en) * 1938-09-16 1940-08-06 Ibm Signaling system
US2247167A (en) * 1939-10-28 1941-06-24 Gen Electric Electric valve circuits
US2415944A (en) * 1943-11-15 1947-02-18 Stewart Warner Corp Electric fence charging apparatus
US2400574A (en) * 1943-12-11 1946-05-21 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Start-stop receiving selector mechanism

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2748188A (en) * 1950-09-11 1956-05-29 Color Television Inc Color television synchronizing apparatus
US2680777A (en) * 1950-09-28 1954-06-08 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electronic switching circuit
US2720586A (en) * 1950-12-30 1955-10-11 Ibm Counting circuit for photographic recorder
US2863139A (en) * 1952-04-25 1958-12-02 Michelson Louis High speed electronic scanner
US2806901A (en) * 1953-04-23 1957-09-17 Syrl K Ferguson Electronic message timing circuit
US2900448A (en) * 1955-11-14 1959-08-18 Teletype Corp Start-stop telegraph signal generator
US3873978A (en) * 1973-03-16 1975-03-25 Alps Electric Co Ltd Keyboard circuit

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR935151A (fr) 1948-06-11
GB635224A (en) 1950-04-05

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