US2510429A

US2510429A - Pressed metal faucet manufacture and construction

Info

Publication number: US2510429A
Application number: US507372A
Authority: US
Inventors: Stanitz Jacques
Original assignee: Mullins Manufacturing Corp
Current assignee: Mullins Manufacturing Corp
Priority date: 1943-10-23
Filing date: 1943-10-23
Publication date: 1950-06-06
Anticipated expiration: 1967-06-06

Description

June 6, 1950 J. `sTANlTz PREssED METAL FAUCET MANUFACTURE AND CONSTRUCTION 3 Sheets-Sheet l Filed Oct. 25, 1945 z E@ I @am w liM. C a mm. i @m Nm n June 6, 1950 .1. sTANrrz 2,510,429

PRESSED METAL FAUCET MANUFACTURE AND CONSTRUCTION Filed Oct. 23, 1945 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 V/Oa,

J. STANITZ June 6, 1950 REssED METAL FAucET MANUTACTURE AND CONSTRUCTION 3 sheets-sheet s Filed Oct. 2.3, 1943 llllV' f4@ gum @a H6. H6. 7 33? www Patented June 6, 1950 Jacques Stantz, Warren, Ohio, .assignor to 'Mulilins "Mamlfacturn'g (durporation, Salem,

w'corporatxm of New York App1ieati0mocmher23, inagseriamssczzz 1 Thelinvention relatesto faucets. andmoreparticularly to the construction and manufacture of .faucets 'from Y.pressed metal parts, i. e. fparts drawn, stamped, pressedor formed `from sheet or plate .metal ysuch as stain1ess.steel,.Monel `metal .or -brass or .other .ferrous or .non-*ferrous metal. Faucets for modern sinks and the like, .usually .include a casing.; two .Water connections; two valves .including threaded val-ye stems, gaskets and removable seats; vescutcheon plates; and either.asinglemovable, l.packedmutlet spout.A or va diverter Nalve .with connections to .a .movable packed, outletspout and to a spraydevice.

..Heretofora :almost vall .of `the .parts .of such faucets except thap'ackings and-.escutcheon-plates have beengmade Afrom sand -brass .castings which aremachined andshapedto size,.and:thefew.re maining parts .have :been brass screw machine parte. Thusfthe manufactureof .the same isrelativly .expensive :and y.sloW -using excessive amounts `:of .relatively'scarce .metal, Ibecause :of .the thick Wall .sectionsincident'to theananufacture. ofcastingsandaheinumerous machiningrop- .erations A Y Y y The advent of ,pressed metal Vlsirillzs, .such .as shown ein .the Stanitz Patent .No. .2.2103174, `.has lmaterially reduced .the weight ofV suchplumbing fixtures, rand .has .reduced .-the scost .of Kthe esame and .the cost vof installation thereof. This-,in turn has rendered .more 4modern and less f expensive `plumbing .facilities available for :lowV cost: modern housing units; .has resulted Vin .substantial .savvings.in.metal,;.1: er unit; `-anclhasenabled massproduction .methods -to Abe utilized in .the y manufac- .tureoiasinks y Itis .equally .important .to .reduce the .cost,. save metal andutilizemass production.methodsinthe manufacture of faucets -forsinlrs .and the likeso yas vtocontribute .further totheavailabilityof the same forIloW-cost modern housing units.

Pipe elbows yhave been made v.of 'stamped sections .wldedto cast anges; pipe Tshavejoeen .made ,from Iinteriitting., expanded, `.brazed A,tubular sections; globe valvesv havelbeen madeof ,pressed metal t parts secured nand reinforced by welding; and'fauce'tshavebeenmade o'tblanand screw rmalfiineparts'brazedtogether. j Howe'venthe manufacture o"f lfaucetsorxmodernsinlssahavingthe, functional .relationand1e1einents described, substantially entirely `from Y (i2 .drawnstamped .erpressen sheet metal .presents a complexvproblem 'for M'Llch .the .priorartdoesnot provide any solution. Initially, `the ,prohlemistcorrmlicatedbecauseof the Very .nature o :the article and the {undamental Afunctional elements ,and .relationships 'thereof -.Which.canntlbe;changed. Thatistoi say, the connections, .mixing .,charnber, valves andoutlets must lbeprovided; .they A.must .be-.arranged .to conform to building `code .and sanitary .requirements; and .they @must be arranged for `convenient .and .interchangeable lconnection .with lexisting-,piping .and

A.Eurthermore, .the problem is complicated bevcause,'.ifltheadvantagesof.m'assproductionmetlhodsfare to be .realized .and italittle scrap Joss. is .to .result,`eachdndividuahstampedcpressed or drawn .part `inustlhe .as .simple .as `ipcssible .in v.design and shape.

Email-y, .the gprohlem ,complicated because, again, the advantages v`of .mass production lmethods are to Abe realized, :the ...assembly of .the gparts imust The .simple .and accurate `vand .the .nished faucet .must lbe .leale-proof and .uniform as -to .size in .eyenyvlrespect.

Accordinglyntlis a.pr.incipa1.ohj.ect of-.the present .invention .to lfnovide a ,method fof making faucets .substantially :entirely .of :sheet .metal stampings, which overcomes and solves the complicated or complex prob1ems.enumerated, .and .which xreduces the cost, `sau/tes .metal .and realizes the advantagesfof mass production .methods yFurthermore'itds .anmbjectoof .the ,present invention to ...provide or `the .simplified Ymanufaclture of a sink yfaucet .substantially entirely of sheet metal stampings.,Whichlaucethasacasing, inlets, valves .an .outlet .or diverted outlets, .and .attachingrmeans,andtrim. Y

Furthermore, .itlisen objectief .thelpresentinruentionto s:,pnmlide 'ier the .manufacture f ,sink .faucets .substantially entirely nf .sheet .metal stampings ani'having either asinlesoutletlor vdiverted outlets, .and Ain ,which many y of the same starningsare v,usedIirrespective of 'the .valve out- .letfarrangement.r

' Also it`s an bjet 'o'f 'the present'inventionfto rproxzicle. a..method.of ,makingiaucets Substantial- `1y entirely rif .sheet jmtal stampings jin -which Lthelcomponentstamped, drawmonpressed l.parts 150 are f simle `design and shape, an'din which openings may be accurately formed and aligned.

Moreover, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method of making faucets substantially entirely of sheet metal stampings in which simple component stampings are so arranged and related to each other as to hold and maintain accurate alignment when assembled together and while providing leak-proof joints therebetween.

Also it is an object of the present invention to provide a method of making faucets substantially entirely of sheet metal stampings in which no substantial machining operations need be performed upon the stampings except threading.

In addition, it is an object of the present invention to provide an improved and simplied design of sheet metal faucet construction.

And nally, it is an object of the present invention to provide an improved faucet and method of manufacture of 'the same which attains the above objectives, and in which the faucet is very light in weight, inexpensive to manufacture, has a pleasing and attractive appearance, is very stiif, rigid and absolutely leak-proof, and may be made of corrosion-resistant material such as stainless steel, M onel metal, or brass or other ferrous or non-ferrous metal without using excessive amounts of the same and without material scrap losses.

These and other objects and advantages apparent to those skilled in the art from the following` description and claims may be obtained by the pressed metal faucet construction and manufacture hereinafter described in detail and claimed, preferred 'embodiments of which are shown in the accompanying drawings.

The foregoing objects and advantages are also obtained by the methods, method steps and operations of making pressed metal faucets hereinafter set forth in detail and claimed, preferred steps of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, and which may be stated in general terms as including drawing, pressing, forming or stamping a plurality Yof sheet metal generally cup-form parts having wall portions and threading certain of said partsjassembling said parts by telescopically force fitting wall portions thereof one within another to accurately align and locate said parts with respect to one another and form a faucet body and water, valve and outlet connections; simultaneously brazing or silver soldering the joints between said telescopically force-fitted wall portions to form a unitary body; and assembling valves and packings in said faucet body.

In the drawings,

Figs. 1 and 1a are side and end elevations with certain parts in section of a single outlet faucet made in accordance with and embodying the improvements of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a View similar to Fig. 1 of a modified form of diverter valve faucet;

Fig. 3 is a collective view of stamped parts about to be assembled together to form the body and connections of the faucet of Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is a view similar to Fig. 3 of the parts in Fig. 3 assembled and brazed together to form a unitary structure; and

Figs. 5, 6 and 7 are views of certain of the parts shown in Figs. 3 and 4 as drawn and prior to being threaded; Fig. 7 being a section as on line 1 1, Fig. 3.

Similar numerals refer to similar parts throughout the various figures of the drawings.

`,Referring first to Fig. 1, an improved faucet with a single outlet is generally indicated at II) and includes a body formed by bottom body stamping I I, top body stamping I2, inlet bushings I3, body flanges I4, valve sleeves I5 and spout sleeve I6. A valve seat I1 is threaded into each bushing I3; and a valve stem I8 having a, preferably rubber valve washer I9 retained by valve screw 20 is threaded into each valve sleeve I5. Each valve stem I8 is provided with a handle 2I retained by screw 22.

Each valve stem I8 is packed with a metal valve packing retainer washer 23, valve packing material 24 and a valve'packing nut 25 threaded into the valve sleeve I5. The faucet may be secured to the sink ledge 26 and the like, with the body mixing chamber or casing formed by the stampings II and I2 concealed and the sleeves I5 and I6 projecting through openings in the sink ledge 26 by threading clamp nuts 21 on valve sleeves I5. The nuts 21 preferably bear against fibre washers 28, and rubber gasket clamp washers 29 are interposed between the ange I4, the nbre washer 28 and the sink ledge 26. Escutcheons 3i), internally threaded at 3I may be threaded onto the valve sleeves I5.

A/ tubular hook-neck spout 32 is rotatably mounted within spout sleeve I6 and retained by a split lock ring 33. The spout 32 is provided with a metal packing retainer washer 34, spout packing material 35 and a packing nut 36 threaded into spout sleeve I5. An escutcheon 31, internally threaded at 38 may be threaded onto the spout sleeve I6.

The sleeve end of the spout 32 is preferably notched at 39 so as to engage a projection 40 on the interior of the spout sleeve I6 and to limit rotatable movement of the spout 32 to about 180.

Functionally, the faucet I0 has a usual and substantially standard arrangement so that hot and cold water may be connected to the inlet bushings I3, ilow of which is controlled by the hot and cold water valve stems I8 and handles 2|. The valve Washers I9 and seats I1 may be repaired or renewed by removing the packings and stems.

The construction is, however, simplified by internally threading the escutcheons 3U and 31 and securing them directly upon the sleeves I5 and I6. In prior constructions the valve body has been extended upward and a special escutcheon clamping nut provided thus requiring extra material and parts.

In accordance with the present invention, the body parts I I and I2, the bushings I3, the anges I4, the sleeves I5 and I6, the handles 2I, the

packing nuts

25 and 35, clamp nuts 21,

packing retainers

23 and 34, and escutcheons 30 and 31 are each stampings or drawn or pressed sheet metal parts of simple form and design and none of these parts require machining except for threading. Also the valve seats I1 are preferably pressed or coined. `

Screws

26 and 22 of course are made in the usual way; while washers I9,

packings

24 and 35, fibre washers 28 and rubber clamp washers 29 are made of material other than metal.` Lock ring 33 is preferably made of wire and spout 32 is formed of tubing; So that each are analogous to sheet metal parts.

There only remains the valve stems I8 which may be formed as castings, screw machine parts or upset rods as desired.v

By this construction many machining operations are eliminated and the amount of metal required for making the faucet is materially reduced. V e

The improved diverted outlet faucet I 0a shown canonico in .2 is identical with the faucet `Ill in Aall fof its parts except for the diverter v'alve and fout'- lets. For mounting the -diverter valve and outelets, the rbottorn ybody stamping I vIra, is modified by providing the central flanged opening f-IIb in which the threaded outlet bushing 4I is secured. An ol-ltlet seat ybushing 42 `sealed. )by .gasket A43 is threaded into bushing 4 Il.

4-pout body sleeve Ita is secured to top body stamping lf2 and top valve seat 44 is 'threaded fi into sleeve 16a and sea-'led by gasket 4'5. Diverter screw 'bushing 46., body `outlet vv"I'I and `"spout .guide 48 fare integrally assembled lwith valve '-seat44in `a. manner to be described. Escutcheon 49 is clamped in place with nut '5U which threads 'onto body Youtlet V4i. Spout swivel 5I in which spout 32a is secured, swivels spout guide 48 l'and is retained 'by spout lock ring 52 against which spout .packing .'53 is clamped by packing Vnut 54. Spent swivel Y'5I is 'also provided with a vdiverter valve packing retainer A55 in 'which diverter valve packing 56 is 'clamped by `packing nut '5-1 for packing @diverter valve stem 58 which extends through fswivel -5I and is threaded at 59 in diirertingfscrew bushing 46. -A .handle 66 is secured by 'screw 6| at the `up-- per end of valve'stem 58; and opposed valve washers $2 separated by washer container 63 are secured by valve nut 6'4 and lock washe1` 65 to the 'flower end :of 'valve -stem 58. Operation of valve stem 58 Valternately seats washers 62 fon either top valve `rseat '44 or bottom 'valve seat 42. 11n accordance with the .present invention, body bottom IIa, outlet bushing 4I, outlet seat "42, sleeve 16a, top seat 44, bushing 46, body outlet 41., spout guide 48, =escutcheon "49, nut 50, swivel 5I, lock ring 52, nut 54, retainer 55, nut 51, handle 66,fconta'iner 63 and washer '65 yare each stampi-ng'sfor drawnor fpressed sheet metal parts of fsimple form vand design :and none of the parts require machining except for threading, :and the provision of the groove in swivel 5I for receiving lock-ring 52, Aand ypunching holes 66 in bushing '46. The valve seats 'on parts 42 and 44 are coined. Screw V6I andnnt I64 are made in the usual way; and gaskets 43 and '45, .packings 53 and 56 and washers 62 fare made *02E material l'other than metal. Spout 4320i is made of tubing analogous to 'sheet metal.

'Eher-e `again only remains the diverter valve stem 58 which may :be formed as fa -casting`,-=sc'rew machine part or upset rod as desired; land again the construction of the diverter valve and outlets described, eliminates many machining "opera tions and reduces the amount of metalrequired. Washers 62 may be replaced and valve seats 42 and 44 fm'ay be ground by unscrewing sleeve 44 from sleeve 16a. :A spray device may vbe Iconnectedtooutlet seatbushing 42.

g. ANow referring .particularly to Figs. 3 to 7., each of `v'stampings II, I2, Ia, I4, 15a and 16a are of simple generally cup-'form with thin strong Wall portions, and may be drawn, pressed, -formed or stamped from sheet metalfsuch as stainless steel, Monel metal, brass o'r other ferrous or nonferrous fimetafl or the like. Bushings 13a are then threaded at 13b as shown in Fig. 3 and sleeves I`5 and lI6 are talso threaded. Each stamping II, 12, I-B'c, fI4, -I5a "and I6a is formed, as shown, with one or .more tubular wall :portions which may be telescoped within -or around :a tubular Wall .por-'-l tion of one or more of 'the other istampings. Further, each -sleeve stamping I5a and I6a is formed with a reduced end in providing the tubular wall V.portion thereof whichis `to be tele- 1I unit. .i

scoped within 'a tubular wall portion "di one or moreof the'fotherstampings.

These parts are thenassembledlasfollows: The tubular 'wall .portions of 'two lbushings `'I 3 'are tele- 'scopical'ly fforcehiitted, respectively, Within the tubular 'walls yof the `tvvo lbottom lbody stamping outturned tubular inlet opening `walls =I Ia. VThe peripheral tubular 'wall I2a at the rim o'f tcp body stamping I2 is telescopically force-litted 'within the peripheral tubular lwall I'fI'b at the rim of bottom body 'stamping I =I. The tubular Ewalls r'of two fboidy y'or `sleeve Jflanges I4 are telescopically force-fitted., respectively, upon the tubular walls at the rreduced 'endsof two sleeves I5. The tubw la'r walls of the reduced ends of two -'sleeves I5 with sleeve -fafnges :I 4 assembledthereto `are tele'` scopically force-litted, respectively, within the tubular walls of the two top body 'stamping -outtiirned tubular Avali/e opening walls 12b so that the Yends of 'the tubular Y'walls of the sleeve flanges M abnt 'the v'ends `of ythe valve opening tubular Walls |21?. A tubular Wall OT Sleeve iIfB is Itele-- scopic'ally 'iorce-ntteii 'within the tubular wall of tp b'dy Stamping ou'tturned tliblll'ars'bilt ODHH ing vwall 1li-2c. Thus the parts are aligned and rigidly lield .by the telescoped tubular walls accurate relation to each yother las showhfin Fig. 4. 'The assembly is' then placed in -a brazi'n'g for silver soldering' furnace Aand the `parts :are simian tan'eously brazed or isil-ver soldered together to form the brazen vor silver soldered joints `general-- ly indicated at CB; 4and `linea''n'while the rig-id fforce t :assembling holds the parts in .proper relation and alignment.

After bra'zihg or-silversolde'ring fthe valve fseat openings in bushings VI arepref'erably `threaded at 13e. 'The integral, simultaneously braZed bi' silver :soldered unitary faucet body may then have the valves, seats, lpackings, spout, etc., `asi sembled therewith to form the faucet Isho'wnlin Fig. 1.

.As `previously pointed out, 'the Afaucet `body of the ldiverted. outlet faucet 'of Fig'.`2 vcontains many of 'the'sale parts -as the iaucet of-Fig. li In the diverter fvalveandoltlet, th'erefare'two additional br-'azd or-sil-ver-'soldered sub-#assemblies ilnone,l the lbushing '46 and outlet 41 have tubular Wal-1S telesc'ep'ically force tted in vvalve seat 44 after machining and guide 48 is-'similarly lfor'c'ed into outlet 41. These parts then hold their accurate aligned relation While being -brazed -or silver soldered to yform a unitary integral structure. In the bther, the spout ltZa, fandlretainer '55 vare forcetted i'n'to Lswivel 5I and 4similarly brazed Silver soldered. vThe various sub-'assemblies and other parts -are then assembled toform the coinple'ted faucet Illa-shown in Fig.-2.

`In its broadest aspects, the invention 'which comprises the :present improved .method contemplates 4elilninating the "use of :machined castings or lfor'gings 'in the 1ri'anufa'c-tiir'e of faucets vand using lowcost,- .high production stampings made by 'mass lproduotion methods 'for forming the valve `body; and fthen bracing `or silver soldering the parts into an 4assembly in a brazing `orfother suitable lfurnace to 'form fan integral I'assembled unit, YVthus 'saving a '.great ldeal of material 'Without sacrificing l strength.

Thus, the .present `invention vm'ovides an im'- proved method Yand `improved method steps vfor inexpensively making light weight sheet metal faucets from drawn, stamped, pressed -or formed sheet-orplate meta-l parts which 'may :be readily and lacci'lrately'assembled into arigid integral Also, the present invention provides an improved sheet metal faucet construction having strong thin sheet metal walls.

Accordingly, the present invention provides for overcoming diiiculties and eliminating many of the expensive and complicated and wasteful perations involved in the prior practice of making faucets of the type described from castings or forgings.

In the foregoing description, certain terms have been utilized for brevity, clearness and understanding, but no unnecessary limitations are to be implied therefrom beyond the requirements of the prior art; because such words are utilized for descriptive purposes herein and not for the purposes of limitation, and are intended to be broadly construed.

The words sheet metal are intended to include ferrous or non-ferrous sheet or plate metal of the desired or necessary gauge from which it may be desired to construct the faucets; the word body used in referring to certain parts of the faucet is intended to include the faucet casing, Water connections, valve and outlet sleeves and connections, and related parts which are formed from a plurality of stampings and brazed or silver soldered into an integral, thin wall section, leak-proof unitary structure; the term cupform used particularly in describing the stampings shown in Figs. 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 and also with reference to the escutcheons, packing nuts and the diverter valve sub-assemblies, is intended to refer to stampings which are drawn from sheet metal by essentially cupping operations, although some of the nished stam-pings may have the bottom wall of the cup pierced or removed; and the term brazing is intended to refer to or include a brazing or silver soldering operation or step.

I claim:

l. In a method of making a sheet metal faucet body of thin wall section, the steps of drawing top and bottom mixing chamber body sheet metal cup members, forming a peripheral tubular wall at the top of the bottom body member, forming a plurality of outturned tubular inlet opening walls in the bottom of the bottom body member, forming a peripheral tubular wall at the bottom of the top body member, forming a plurality o-f outturned tubular valve opening walls in the top of the top body member, forming an outturned tubular spout opening wall in the top of the top body member, drawing a plurality of inlet bushing sheet metal cup members with tubular walls, forming a plurality of sheet metal sleeve anges with tubular walls, drawing a plurality of valve and spout sleeve members with tubular walls, telescopically force-fitting the tubular wall of an inlet bushing within each outturned bottom body member tubular inlet opening wall, telescopically force-fitting the tubular wall of a sleeve ange upon the tubular wall of each valve sleeve, telescopically forcetting a tubular wall of a valve sleeve with a sleeve flange assembled thereto within each outturned top body member tubular valve opening wall so that the ends of the body ange tubular walls abut the ends of the tubular valve opening walls, telescopically force-fitting the tubular wall of a spout sleeve within the outturned top body member tubular spout opening Wall, telescopically force-fitting the peripheral top body member tubular Wall within the peripheral bottom body member tubular wall, simultaneously brazing the telescoped force-fit tubular joints to form an integral leak-proof faucet body,

and said force-fit joints holding the constituent members rigidly in accurate alignment while the brazing is being performed.

2. In a method of making a sheet metal faucet body of thin wall section, the steps of drawing top and bottom mixing chamber `body sheet metal cup members, forming a peripheral tubular wall at the rim of each of the body members, forming a plurality of outturned tubular inlet opening walls in one of the body members, forming a plurality of outturned tubular valve opening walls in one of the body members, forming an outturned tubular spout opening wall in one of the body members, drawing a plurality of inlet bushing sheet metal cup members with tubular walls, forming a plurality of sheet metal sleeve flanges with tubular walls, drawing a plurality of valve and spout sleeve members with tubular walls, telescopically force-tting the tubular Wall of an inlet bushing Within each outturned tubular inlet opening wall, telescopically force-tting the tubular wall of a sleeve flange upon the tubular wall of each valve sleeve, telescopically force-litting a tubular wall of a valve sleeve with a sleeve ange assembled thereto Within each outturned tubular valve opening wall so that the ends of the body flange tubular walls abut the ends of the tubular valve opening walls, telescopically forcetting the tubular wall of a spout sleeve within the outturned tubular spout opening wall, telescopically iorce-tting the peripheral body member tubular walls one within the other, simultaneously brazing the telescoped force-fit tubular joints to form an integral leak-proof faucet body, and said force-nt joints holding the constituent members rigidly in accurate alignment while the brazing is being performed.

3. In a method of making a sheet metal faucet body of thin wall section, the steps of drawing top and bottom mixing chamber body sheet metal cup members, forming a peripheral tubular wall at the rim of each of the body members, forming a plurality of outturned tubular inlet opening Walls in one of the body members, forming a plurality of outturned tubular valve opening Walls in one of the body members, forming an outturned tubular spout opening wall in one of the body members, drawing a plurality of inlet bushing sheet metal cup members with tubular Walls, forming a plurality of sheet metal sleeve flanges with tubular walls, drawing a plurality of valve and spout sleeve members with reduced end tubular walls, telescopically force-fitting the tubular Wall of an inlet bushing within each outturned tubular inlet opening wall, telescopically forceiitting the tubular wall of a sleeve ange upon the reduced end tubular wall of each valve sleeve, telescopically force-fitting a reduced end tubular Wall of a valve sleeve with a sleeve flange assembled thereto within each outturned tubular valve opening wall so that the ends of the body ange tubular walls abut the ends of the tubular valve opening walls, telescopically force-iitting the reduced end tubulai1 wall of a spout sleeve within the outturned tubular spout opening wall, telescopically force-fitting the peripheral body member tubular walls one within the other, simultaneously brazing the telescoped force-fit tubular joints to form an integral leak-proof faucet body, and said force-fit joints holding the constituent members rigidly in accurate alignment while the brazing is being performed.

JACQUES STANITZ.

(References on following page) 9 REFERENCES CITED le of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date Carson May 2, 1876 Fuller June 21, 1921 Weatherhead, Jr. Sept. 18, 1928 Bassler Feb. 16, 1932 Schulte Oct. 10, 1933 Wuesthoff Nov. 21, 1933 May Aug. 13, 1935 Young Sept. 8, 1936 Number 10 Name Date Robinson et a1. Sept. 28, 193'? Sandberg Apr. 5, 1938 Santamaria July 5, 1938 Weatherhead, Jr. Aug. 9, 1938 Money Apr. 4, 1939 Day Aug. 29, 1939 Greene Sept. 26, 1939 Weatherhead, Jr. July 30, 1940 Smith Oct. 22, 1940 Thompson Sept. 9, 1941 Broecker A-pr. 11, 1944 Heintz et al July 11, 1944 Klein Aug. 15, 1944