US2501570A - Package - Google Patents

Description

s. A. LARs'EN Mairch 21, 1950 PACKAGE Filed Aug. 27, 1946 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 S. A. LARSEN March 21, 1950 PACKAGE 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Aug. 27, 1946 INVENTOR. V 14m? l? H- um Ja /W5? Patented Mar. 21,1950

PACKAGE Spencer A. Larsen, Detroit, Mich.

Application All!!! 27, 1946, Serial No. 693,323

1 Claim. 1 This invention relates to an improved package which might be described as a hammock pack because the contents are suspended or slung in the package by means which at least in part comprises what resembles a hammock. There is no friction between the package and its contents, and the hammock absorbs shocks to which the package may be subjected.

The package may comprise a single cell or compartment or may be divided into several cells, each containing one or more hammocks. Each of the hammocks contains one or more pockets which contain the material to be packaged. The cradle is formed of two sheets of plastic material, one of which is formed under the article or articles to be packaged and the other of which is formed over the top of the article or articles, the sheets preferably being united around the edge of each individual article or articles. The sheet material may be moisture-tight and impermeable to gases, or it may be permeable to gases and merely dusttight. On the other hand, it may be perforated if desired. Thus, a variety of different sheet materials may be used.

The package is particularly designed for the shipment of soft perishables, such as peaches, plums, apricots, tomatoes, figs, pears,bunches of grapes, avocados, persimmons, cup cakes, and other fruits, vegetables, or other foodstuffs, and fragile articles, such aseggs, Christmas-tree ornaments, and glassware, such as vases, etc. A wide variety of other materials may be packaged in the package of this invention for display purposes, or because of the resilient support it affords, or for any other reason.

A chief advantage of the hammock pack lies in the suspension of the articles which lessens shocks encountered in shipping, such as the vibration of a plane or railroad train, etc., and the jars which result from rough manual handling or dropping, etc. The reduction or elimination of'shock lessens breakage and bruising. Ordinarily, a dusttight film will be used to keep the articles clean. This eliminates soiling which results from customer handling. A moisturetight film may be used where desirable. In the packaging of certain edibles, such as freshly picked fruits and vegetables, a film permeable to carbon dioxide may be required. The film itself may be gas permeable, or it may be perforated before or after packaging to provide for the escape of gases. For certain fruits it may be found desirable to use a film impermeable to oxygen to delay ripening. Ordinarily, the articles will be individually sealed in separate pock- 2 ets. Then in the event one article is broken e. g., an e gor one article becomes diseasede. g., stem-end rot forms on an orange-the damage is localized and surrounding articles are not affected.

The package comprises an outer container or form which comprises one or more cells and may be made of cardboard, corrugated board, plastic, etc. The outer walls of the package may be rigid, and the cells formed by wire partitions. Any

suitable partitioning material may be employed.-

The outer package may be of any one of several general types which will be more fully explained below. The preferred form of outer container is composed of two cellular halves, the upper of which fits down on the lower with the cells in the two halves mating to form a larger cell or cells. In this preferred form there are two films between these two halves which snugly enclose the wrapped articles. This package may comprise a single cell for a single article or a multiple of cells for a multiple of articles. I A variety of different sheet materials may be used for the hammock. Ordinarily, a material which is somewhat resilient or elastic will be preferred to one which is not. For this reason a plastic sheet is used. The pockets which hold the articles are stretched into the films which hold them. Films such as rubber hydrochloride film (Pliofilm) polyvinyl films (such as Vitafilm, etc.) a film of copolymer of a vinyl and vinylidene halide (such as Saran, for example), etc., may be used. For display purposes a transparent film will be required. A preferred film is a film such as rubber hydrochloride film which is easily stretched when heated to a relatively low temperature and which may be sealed by simply applying pressure to the heated film.

The pocket for an article is formed by stretching a plastic film. The pocket is generally preferably formed by using the film in a heated condition and pressing it against the article. If preferred, the film might first be stretched by aplunger or vacuum or the like and the article fitted into the pocket "thus formed. Pliofilm is preferred for such an operation because after stretching, it retracts even after cooling, so that even'though the pocket formed by the plunger or vacuum is larger than required to enclose the article, the film will gradually shrink onto the article after it has been placed into the pocket until the film forms a snug fit around the article.

In the preferred package the pockets are just the size and shape of the article and snuglyenclose it so that it does not rattle around in the pocket.

age;

asoasvo' .be bruised and probably ruined if allowed to rattle around in a pocket larger than itself.

The prior-art on packages include packages composed of mating halves with papier-mach cups which fit over the eggs. Tomatoes would be badly bruised or ruined in such packages. For

other articles, such as glassware, etc., pockets may be formed into the film before the film is brought into contact with the articles.

The invention will be further described in connection with the accompanying drawings, in

which:

Fig. i is a more or less diagrammatic view, in elevation, of the elements which go into one form of package made according to this invention;

Fig. 2 is an elevation of the elements assembled;

Fig. 3 is an elevation of the completed pack- Fig. 4 is an elevation of a modified package which is often preferred;

Fig. 5 is an exploded view of a modification of the package shown in Fig. 4;

Fig. 6 is a detail of the edges of the package shown in Fig. 5;

Fig. 7 is an elevation of another modified pack- Figs. 8 and 9 are side views, at right angles to one another, of still another modified package;

Figs. 10 and 11 are a plan view and elevation of a further modification; and

Fig. 12 is a view in perspective of another package with a part of the outside of the package broken away to show the contents.

A very simple form of the invention is illustrated in Figs. 1-3. Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic view of the materials employed to package an article I, which is elliptical in shape, and may. for example, be a tomato. An open-ended cylindrical or cubical frame of plied-up, stiff-walled, cardboard 2 is used together with sheets of Pliofilm I and 4. Both films are heated. The film l is placed over an open end of the frame, the object I is pressed down into it, and the film 3 is pressed down ove the top of the object, and the two films are pressed together around the periphery of the object with sufilcient force to unite them. The pressure applied to the films stretches them so that they conform to the top and bottom of the object and fit snugly around it. To unite the films in the area 5 around the object, a sealing device, such as two plungers with heated heads, may be used, one of which comes down around the top of the article and the other of which comes up through the frame 2 and presses against a the bottom of the film. Ifpreferred, the films may be united in this manner before they are brought into proximity with the frame I.

The outer edges of the films I and l are now fastened down against the walls of the frame 2 to form the finished package illustrated in Fig. 3. Any suitable adhesive may be used. It will be seen that the heat-sealed areas I extend in from I the walls 2 so that the portions of the films l and 4 which cover the article do not contact the frame. The article is actually suspended from the upper edge of the wall of the frame. The film forms a cradle or hammock which is slung from the frame. The film areas I have sufficient resilience to absorb or cushion any shock to which is protected by the frames i4 and II. The outer" edges of the film ii are turned back against the cylinder II, and the outer edges of the film I! are turned back against the cylinder II. If preferred, both films may be turned up or down against the cylinder II or against the cylinder I. They are fastened to the cylinder by any suitable adhesive. In this type of structure the upper half of the article as well as the lower is protected by a frame. The two frames are held together by any suitable means, as, fo example, an encircling band of kraft paper or a stout rubber band or a suitable adhesive tape or the like.

Like protection of both the top and bottom halves of the article is obtained by stacking two or more units such as shown in Fig. 3, on top of one another and holding them together by any suitable means. In this case the frame 2 must be of sumcient height to prevent the articles from coming into contact with one another.

Figs. 5 and 6 show an alternative arrangement in which the article 20 is similarly suspended between the films 2i and 22 which are heatsealed at 23. The upper and lower cylinders 24 and 25 are of glass, porcelain, plastic, etc. Fig. 6 is an enlarged detail showing how the edges of thecylinders may be mortised at 26 and 21 so that the edges of the film are tightly clamped between them. With this arrangement it is not necessary to fasten the extremities of the films 2| and 22 to the cylinders. All that is necessary is that the cylinders be held together by suitable means. .A clamp may be used.

A further alternative arrangement is shown in Fig. 7. Here the object 30 is supported from above and below, but the films are applied in a somewhat different manner.- There are two frames 3| and 32. There are also two films: 33 which is held between the frames and 34 which is placed over the top frame and fastened to it at the edges by adhesive, 8. rubber band or other suitable means. The edges of the film 33 may be fastened to either cylinder by any suitable means. The two cylinders are held together in any suitable manner as by clamping or adhesive tape, etc. In this arrangement the article is cradled between the two films, but the films do not come in contact with one another. They are not tightly sealed around the edges of the object. Such a structure is less apt to be moisturetight than where the films are sealed together. It may be gas filled, but the gas will escape more or less rapidly, depending upon the materials used in forming the package. The film 33 is stretched at the center so as to suitably receive the article Ill. The upper film Il may be stretched to conform to the top of the article although a perfectly fiat film may be used satisfactorily where the top of the article does not project an appreciable distance above the top of the frame 32.

Figs. 8 and 9 are a plan view and elevation of an elongated package which comprises two frames l0 and H, neither of which has either a top or a bottom. These may be of corrugated board. Preferably either a top or bottom is used in at least one of the frames to prevent the completed'container from folding. There are two films l2 and 43 held between the frames. In the final package the edges of the films will be fastened to one or both of the frames 40 and H.

' The central portion of each film is stretched to erally deeper than the end frames.

form an elongated pocket, and in this pocket area number of roundish objects which may be tomatoes, cakes, etc. These objects are cradled against shock, are held closely to one .another so that there is no abrasion of their skins or surfaces by the rubbing of one upon the other, and they are held in a dustproof and possibly also moisturetight wrap ready for shipment. When they reach the market, they are protected against damage or contamination through handling by prospective customers. They are thus protected in transit and while on display and in storage also, if stored.

Figs. and 11 show a further alternative ar- ,rangement. The rigid frame 50 is formed of corrugated board. There are two or more such frames stacked on top of one another. As shown in Fig. 11, the intermediate frames 5| are gen- The dividing partitions 52 are, likewise, of corrugated board. Between each two of the frames are two films which cradle objects 53 which are separated from one another by the partitions. These objects may all be of the same size or of different size and may be irregular in shape. The films, of which only the upper one 54 is visible in the plan view, are pocketed and fit over the top and bottom of the individual objects. There are as many pockets in each film as there are cells or compartments in one of the frames. The dividing partitions 52 are flush with the top and bottom edges of the frames 50 so that when they are stacked one on top of another, the pressure between the partitions holds the films taut and the articles are individually supported from the partitions. The edges of the filmare held to the outside frames 50 and ii in any suitable manner. The frames are held together by suitable means. It is not necessary that the partitions contactthe films although this structure is preferred.

In Fig. 12 the container is made of twohalves 60 and SI and the contents are divided into twelve cells by the partitions 62. The eggs or other objects 64 are cradled between two sheets of transparent wrapping material of which only the upper sheet 65 is shown. Both sheets are held between the two halves of the container.

The two halves of the container are held together by the adhesive strip 66.

In Figs. 4, 5, '7, 9, and 11 the frames are spaced somewhat to clarify the construction. In practice there will ordinarily be no space between them.

Thus, the invention is capable of embodiment in a variety of different forms. Transparent, colorless film may be used, or the film may be colored and transparent. It may be pigmented.

Film which is opaque or suitably colored may be used to protect the objects from the light. The surface of the film may be frosted so that the film is not transparent. Instead of partitions between the various compartments, a single wire or other dividing means may be used at the level of the edge of the enclosing frame for the purpose of squeezing the films between the frames or for supporting the film, as desired.

Multiple. frame packages may be formed embodying the various features disclosed, including features illustrated in Fig. 7.

Although generally in multi-cellular packages the walls of the partitions will be the same height as the walls of the surrounding frame, it is to be understood that this is not essential. For instance, the partitions in the bottom of a package may be taller than the walls of the surrounding frame; then the partitions in the top of the package may be correspondingly shorter so that when the top and bottom of the package are brought together, the partitions meet.

The packages may be small for supplying an individual or small family, for example, or may comprise many cells when designed for supplying institutions, etc. For instance, an avocado might be shipped in individual containers, and packages of tomatoes for hospitals, etc., may comprise a hundred or more cells.

The drawings and details of the specification are illustrative, and it is not intended that the invention shall be limited thereto.

What I claim is:

A package which comprises a frame, two sheets of rubber hydrochloride film, and an article snugly enclosed between-oppositely facing, permanent pockets formed in the sheets of rubber hydrochloride film, the perimeter of the frame being suificiently large to surround the article in spaced relation thereto and provide between the article and the frame a small expanse of each film, and the films being fastened to the frame whereby the article is suspended in the frame between the sheets which form a shockabsorbing support for the article.

SPENCER A. LARSEN.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS

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