US2493278A - Combined fuse - Google Patents

Combined fuse Download PDF

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Publication number
US2493278A
US2493278A US635695A US63569545A US2493278A US 2493278 A US2493278 A US 2493278A US 635695 A US635695 A US 635695A US 63569545 A US63569545 A US 63569545A US 2493278 A US2493278 A US 2493278A
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United States
Prior art keywords
ring
sleeve
interrupted
elements
segments
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US635695A
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English (en)
Inventor
Weiss Willi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Brevets Aero Mecaniques SA
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Brevets Aero Mecaniques SA
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C9/00—Time fuzes; Combined time and percussion or pressure-actuated fuzes; Fuzes for timed self-destruction of ammunition
    • F42C9/14—Double fuzes; Multiple fuzes
    • F42C9/16—Double fuzes; Multiple fuzes for self-destruction of ammunition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
    • F04D29/32—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for axial flow pumps
    • F04D29/38—Blades
    • F04D29/384—Blades characterised by form
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C15/00—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges
    • F42C15/24—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges wherein the safety or arming action is effected by inertia means
    • F42C15/26—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges wherein the safety or arming action is effected by inertia means using centrifugal force
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C9/00—Time fuzes; Combined time and percussion or pressure-actuated fuzes; Fuzes for timed self-destruction of ammunition
    • F42C9/14—Double fuzes; Multiple fuzes
    • F42C9/16—Double fuzes; Multiple fuzes for self-destruction of ammunition
    • F42C9/18—Double fuzes; Multiple fuzes for self-destruction of ammunition when the spin rate falls below a predetermined limit, e.g. a spring force being stronger than the locking action of a centrifugally-operated lock
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C7/00—Control of nuclear reaction
    • G21C7/30—Control of nuclear reaction by displacement of the reactor fuel or fuel elements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors

Definitions

  • the present invention has for its principal object the provision of a fuse having an angular velocity detecting device of extremely reduced manufacturing cost and affording a high degree A of reliability in its operation, resulting from the fact that relatively large centrifugally controlled Among these fuzes, there exists a whole class in which the setting-off of the explosive action is produced entirely mechanically. These are referred to as combined mechanical percussion and self-destruction fuzes. In the known types of this class, the automatic setting-off of the explosive action causing the self-destruction is generally obtained either by the action of clockwork such as is utilised in the mechanical time fuzes or by the action caused by the decrease of angular velocity to which the shell is subjected while following its trajectory.
  • a device which functions as an angular velocity detector.
  • This device consists in one or more movable elements located in the fuze, and which shall be referred to below as the centrifugally controlled elements. These are subjected to the opposing actions exerted on one hand by the centrifugal forces generated in the elements lby rotation of the projectile carrying the fuze, and on the other hand by one or more pre-set springs located in the fuze.
  • the angular velocity of the shell is so great that the centrifugal force on said centrifugally controlled elements is predominant, said centrifugally controlled elements being brought into a relative position of rest.
  • the spring means overcome the centrifugal force and drive an element commonly called the striker or firing pin which sets off the explosive action.
  • centrifugally controlled elements known hitherto consist generally either in levers Ipivoted around an axis, or in loose bodies such as steel balls, cylinders, or prismatic bodies rounded at one or both ends, and radially movable in guiding recesses.
  • the use of such elements has the disadvantage of allowing a very limited utilisation of the available space which is particularly restricted in the fuzes for small projectiles. It is evident, that the reliability of operation of such an angular velocity detecting device depends on the magnitude of the forces coming into play.
  • these elements are utilised. Indeed, these elementsI substantially fill up the whole annular space leftn free in known fuzes for elements having similar function together with their guiding elements.
  • centrifugally controlled elements are when it is interrupted in several places its components affecting the form of ring segments, will spread apart during their substantially radialdis-r placement under the centrifugal action.
  • Figs. 2-5 show in detail'the interrupted ring which constitutes the centrifugally controlled organs, Figs. 2 and 3 being respectively a planA view and an axial section of a ring interrupted in one single place, Figs. 4 and 5 being respectively a plan View and an axial section of a ring interrupted in two places. y
  • a fuze has a body 6 with a screw thread I3 shown) minated by a thin cover I5 maintained in place by a ring I6.
  • a striker 'I made of two pieces placed end on end is located axially, the front' end flaring into a disc I'I, the rear end having 991' cylindrical shoulder y8 and terminating in a pin' 1f'.
  • fuze body E is slida-ble axially in fuze body E and-is provided- ⁇ with an external annular groove in whicha splitring I is snapped.
  • a hole inthe bottom of 'sleeved 3 gives free passage to shoulder 8 of strikerTY and permits the rear end of inner sleeve -to slide axially.
  • Aring Il made of several segments having. a bevelededgeportion cooperating with a'co'nical indented portion I2 in a cap I4, surrounds pin I'.
  • Inner sleeve ⁇ 5 has .two spaced shoulders onits forward portion which define, along withthe surrounding.-structure,I an annular space with plane endfaces in which a circular ring vI is positionedfor free sliding ymovement between said. faces.
  • Ring I is interrupted in one or more places and constitutes Vtherientrifugally controlled; ele-1l ments referred to'above. When the relativedimensionsl ofthe parts permit, said ring may be interrupted .in one'place only (Figs. 2 and 3), and. is assembledon sleeve 5 by being sprung open Vso as to be passed over one or the other shoulder of inner sleeve '5.for assembly, after which it is permitted toassu'me its normal shape.
  • one of thev shoulders of inner sleeve 5 may be made as a separate piece-held in placeon said sleeve by appropriate means.
  • said ring is interrupted in -Several places, (twoplaoes in ligs. .1,34- and,5,) the various segments are simply juxtaposed during assembly.
  • Interrupterring.- I has a beveled portion 2 corv responding to a matingjsurface provided in said lodging in outer sleeve 3.
  • the thickness T of interrupted ring I measured radially', be at the maximum slightly less than the difference between the ⁇ ifnternal radius RIv of the rear part of the lodging in outer sleeve 3 and external radius R2 of inner sleeve 5 between its shoulders.
  • Annular segments II slide upthe inclined surface I2 of the cap I4, ,spread apart one from the other and press against the wall of the fuze body. From the drawing it isapparent that the outward movement of segments II moves sleeve 3 a; short distance forward.l Striker 1, already relieved from the inuence of the spring, is now entirely free. The fuze is now armed and striker l' can set off the explosive. action upon percussion of the shell.v
  • outer sleeve 3 is stillV maintained in itsforward position by annular segments II, innersleeve 5 is still clamped inouter 'sleeve 3. by thel action of interrupted ring I, and spring 9 is still compressed'in its extreme forward position.
  • interrupted ring I in ⁇ cooperation with spring 9 is going to act as an angular velocity detector.
  • interrupted ring ⁇ I The dimensions of interrupted ring ⁇ I, the shape of inclined surface 2, and the force of spring 9,
  • the mass of annular segments ll and their conical part, as Well as the slope of conical surface l2 of the cap, are chosen such that so long as the axial velocity of the projectile has not reached said minimum prescribed value, (even if split-ring l has already spread), the centrifugal forces generated in annular segments il remain insufcient to overcome the axial force exerted backwards on said annular segments il by spring 9 (through the medium of inner sleeve 5, centrifugally controlled elements i, and outer sleeve 3). Even in the case where, through lack of velocity, the projectile shouid drop but a few feet away from the gun, no explosion would take place.
  • interrupted ring l must satisfy two geometrical conditions:
  • the interrupted ring I' may be made much heavier than the usual spherical, cylindrical or prismatic bodies which are intended for radial displacement.
  • the usual cylindrical or prismatic bodies would have available for their guiding only a distance equal to the radial dimension T diminished by the amount needed by their rounded off portion and the distance of travel, that is, in short, somewhat less than said radial dimension T, while on the contrary, in the case of a ring interrupted in two places as described, for instance, the annular segments could be guided on a distance somewhat smaller than the internal radius Rl of outer sleeve 3; expressed more exactly, this guiding distance could be equal to said radius Ri diminished by the amount of radial travel.
  • centrifugally operable means blocking movement of said pin to firing position when in unarmed position and movable by centrifugal force to armed position in which said means lie clear of the path of movement of the pin
  • detent means a movable coupling element interposed between said iiring pin and said detent means, means by which movement of said coupling element in the direction of firing movement of said pin moves said pin, but which leaves said pin free to move to ring position independently by contact with a target, and spring means urging said coupling element in the direction of rng movement of the firing pin
  • the novel feature comprising a circumferential groove on said coupling element, and a ring in said groove, said ring being split radially in at least one place, and being engageable with said detent means by opening under the iniiuence of centrifugal force to retain said coupling element and thereby said firing pin against movement by said spring means
  • said detent means comprising a sleeve surrounding said coupling means and said ring pin, said sleeve being slidable parallel with said firing pin, a base for the fuse, said base having on its inner surface a bevel edged depression, said centrifugally operable means having a beveled edge about its lower portion and lying at least partly within said depression when in said unarmed position, the rear end of said sleeve extending into contact with said centrifugally operable means, when said sleeve is in its rearmost position, and second centrifugally operable means engaging the rear end of said sleeve when the fuse is in unarmed condition and maintaining said sleeve in a position which retains said first centrifugally operable means in said depression, whereby release of said sleeve by the action of centrifugal force on said second centrifugally operable means frees said sleeve for forward movement as the effects of centrifugal force on said rst

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)
US635695A 1945-01-17 1945-12-18 Combined fuse Expired - Lifetime US2493278A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH2493278X 1945-01-17

Publications (1)

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US2493278A true US2493278A (en) 1950-01-03

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US635695A Expired - Lifetime US2493278A (en) 1945-01-17 1945-12-18 Combined fuse

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US (1) US2493278A (US20100268047A1-20101021-C00003.png)
BE (1) BE461813A (US20100268047A1-20101021-C00003.png)
CH (1) CH251152A (US20100268047A1-20101021-C00003.png)
DE (1) DE851748C (US20100268047A1-20101021-C00003.png)
FR (1) FR918993A (US20100268047A1-20101021-C00003.png)
NL (1) NL65860C (US20100268047A1-20101021-C00003.png)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2871788A (en) * 1955-05-24 1959-02-03 Brevets Aero Mecaniques Impact fuzes for explosive projectiles including a mechanical self-destruction device
US2949856A (en) * 1956-01-24 1960-08-23 Nl Machf Artillerie Inrichteng Fuzes having a self-destructive action
US3030886A (en) * 1957-02-20 1962-04-24 Junghans Helmut Spinning projectile fuzes
US3033115A (en) * 1958-06-12 1962-05-08 Brevets Aero Mecaniques Nose fuzes of the percussion type including a self-destruction device
US3636880A (en) * 1968-12-13 1972-01-25 Honeywell Inc Control apparatus

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE565891A (US20100268047A1-20101021-C00003.png) * 1957-04-25

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1380774A (en) * 1919-06-30 1921-06-07 Wallace L Clay Fuse
US1956222A (en) * 1932-12-20 1934-04-24 Schneider & Cie Fuse for projectiles
US2335842A (en) * 1940-01-13 1943-11-30 Harry J Nichols Fuse
US2405653A (en) * 1940-07-09 1946-08-13 Honger Guido Fuse for automatic destruction of shells

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1380774A (en) * 1919-06-30 1921-06-07 Wallace L Clay Fuse
US1956222A (en) * 1932-12-20 1934-04-24 Schneider & Cie Fuse for projectiles
US2335842A (en) * 1940-01-13 1943-11-30 Harry J Nichols Fuse
US2405653A (en) * 1940-07-09 1946-08-13 Honger Guido Fuse for automatic destruction of shells

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2871788A (en) * 1955-05-24 1959-02-03 Brevets Aero Mecaniques Impact fuzes for explosive projectiles including a mechanical self-destruction device
US2949856A (en) * 1956-01-24 1960-08-23 Nl Machf Artillerie Inrichteng Fuzes having a self-destructive action
US3030886A (en) * 1957-02-20 1962-04-24 Junghans Helmut Spinning projectile fuzes
US3033115A (en) * 1958-06-12 1962-05-08 Brevets Aero Mecaniques Nose fuzes of the percussion type including a self-destruction device
US3636880A (en) * 1968-12-13 1972-01-25 Honeywell Inc Control apparatus

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL65860C (US20100268047A1-20101021-C00003.png)
BE461813A (US20100268047A1-20101021-C00003.png)
DE851748C (de) 1952-10-09
CH251152A (fr) 1947-10-15
FR918993A (fr) 1947-02-24

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