US2475083A - Composite textile strand and fabric - Google Patents

Composite textile strand and fabric Download PDF

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US2475083A
US2475083A US758808A US75880847A US2475083A US 2475083 A US2475083 A US 2475083A US 758808 A US758808 A US 758808A US 75880847 A US75880847 A US 75880847A US 2475083 A US2475083 A US 2475083A
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fibers
strand
strands
composite
plastic fiber
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US758808A
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Archibald H Davis
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/22—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre
    • D02G3/38—Threads in which fibres, filaments, or yarns are wound with other yarns or filaments, e.g. wrap yarns, i.e. strands of filaments or staple fibres are wrapped by a helically wound binder yarn
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/02—Yarns or threads characterised by the material or by the materials from which they are made
    • D02G3/16—Yarns or threads made from mineral substances
    • D02G3/18—Yarns or threads made from mineral substances from glass or the like
    • D02G3/182—Yarns or threads made from mineral substances from glass or the like the glass being present only in part of the structure

Definitions

  • a further object of the invention is to provide a form of composite textile strand including inorganicfibers-and discrete elements of organic 4 Claims.
  • (Cl. 77-140) may be selected from a wide variety of classes of plastic composition covering a portion only of the surface of the inorganic fibers;
  • inorganic fibrous materials including siliceous fibers, such as glass andasbestos fibers, andfine metallic fibers possess'in' high degree the strength, resistance, and stability desired in many cases, particularly in industrial applications, these fibers are all characterized by. relatively smooth non-adhesive surfaces which entail serious disadvantages in the use of fibers of this type.
  • the invention includes composite textile strands comprising at least one organic plastic fiber and at least two inorganic high strength'fibers, such as glass, asbestos, or metal,
  • the organic plastic fibers and the inorganic fibers of the composite strand of the invention may comprise single or multiple filaments or yarns with or without twist in any desired degree.
  • the invention also includes textile fabrics 55
  • the invention will be more particularly de- 2 I broadly woven, knitted, plied and laminated from the strands of the invention into sheets, webbing, belts, tapes, cordage and the like which may be coated, laminated or otherwise treated to produce articles of improved utility or appearance.
  • Typical of the high strength inorganic-fibers of low surface adhesion useful in the invention are glass fibers produced in the known way of any desired dimensions, composition and color.
  • high strength fibers suitable for use in the invention are asbestos fibers, mineral wool'fibers and metallic fibers or wires.
  • the organic plastics useful in the invention organic resins and elastomers including cellulose esters and ethers; polymerization and co-polymerization products of olefinic compounds, such as vinyl compounds, styrene, acrylic acid and its derivatives; synthetic or artificial rubber compositions such as polymerized dienes and the various modifications thereof, rubber halides and hydrohalides, and chloroprene; urea-, thiourea-, and melamine-aldehyde resins; phenol-aldehyde resins; glycerol-polybasic acid resins; polycarboxylic amide condensation products; organic silicone resins; and mixtures of two or more resins or elastomers.
  • the plastics may include suitable plasticizers, pigments, fillers and other modifying agents well known in the plastic art.
  • fibers as used herein includes single fibers or filaments and fiber aggregates such as yarns, plies, sliver, roving and the like.
  • the composite strands oi'the invention may be made in a wide variety of ways by interlacing and twisting together two or more fibers or fiber aggregates of high strength material with one or more fibers or fiber aggregates of organic plastic material so that successive spaced portions of the plastic material are distributed at intervals along the surface of the strand. 1
  • the relative tensions on the inorganic fibers and on the plastic fibers may be adjusted with respect to the relative diameters of the fibers or yarns to cause the plastic fibers oryarns to project beyond the effective diameter of the other fibers in the strand at spaced intervals in the strand or to be depressed below the effective diameter of the other fibers in the exposed portions of the plastic materials.
  • the amount of projection of the exposed portions of the plastic material in the strand surface may be increased after formation of the strand by a suitable treatment, such as heating or treating with a. suitable swelling agent.
  • Fig. 1 is an enlarged diagrammatic representation of a composite strand embodying the principles of the invention.
  • FIGs. 2, 3, and 4 are enlarged diagrammatic representations of further embodiments of the invention.
  • the inorganic fibers Ill, iii are successively twisted in alternate directions about the organic plastic fibers Ii.
  • the plastic fiber II is interlaced through successive loops of the intertwisted inorganic fibers.
  • the inorganic fibers Ill, l are not intertwisted but are joined into a strand by interlacing the organic plastic fiber ll through successive overlying loops of fibers III, III.
  • the inorganic fibers l0, H) are intertwisted as in Fig. 1, but more closely, and the organic plastic fiber II is interlaced through successive loops of the intertwisted inorganic fibers. Because of the greater relative tension of the organic plastic fiber in the strand of Fig. 3 than in the strand of Fig. 1, the plastic fiber tends to project a greater distance in the strand of Fig. 1, while in the strand of Fig. 3 the plastic fiber lies more completely within the effective projected diameter of the strand.
  • the composite strands of the invention may be varied within wide limits without departing from the principles of the invention by varying the relative number and arrangement of the inorganic fibers and the organic plastic fibers.
  • One variant is shown in Fig. 4 wherein the organic plastic fiber II is interlaced alternately through one and then two successive loops of the intertwisted inorganic fibers l0, II).
  • the composite strands of the invention in their various forms adapt themselves to plying, knitting, weaving and the like into fabric structures of a wide variety of forms.
  • Both the strands of the invention and the fabrics made therefrom provide a high degree of adhesion and mechanical interlocking in coated and laminated structures due to the interlacing of the highly adhesive organic plastic fiber in the strand structure and the adhesive surface elements thereby provided at spaced intervals in the surface of the strands whereby the applied coating composition is bonded to the strands by adhesive contact with the exposed portions of the organic plastic fiber.
  • a composite textile strand comprising at least one organic plastic fiber and at least two siliceous fibers interlaced therewith to expose successive spaced portions of the organic plastic fiber in the surface of the strand.
  • a composite textile strand comprising at least one organic plastic fiber and at least two glass fibers interlaced therewith to expose successive spaced portions of the organic plastic fiber in the surface of the strand.
  • a textile fabric comprising a plurality of composite strands, each including at least one organic plastic fiber and at least two siliceous fibers interlaced with the organic plastic fiber to expose successive spaced portions of the organic plastic fiber in the surface of the strands, and a coating composition bonded to the strands by adhesive contact with the exposed portions of the organic plastic fiber.
  • a textile fabric comprising a plurality of composite strands, each including at least one organic plastic fiber and at least two glass fibers interlaced with the organic plastic fiber to expose successive spaced portions of the organic plastic fiber in the surface of the strands, and a coating composition bonded to the strands by adhesive contact with the exposed portions of the organic plastic fiber.

Description

July 5, 1949.
A. H. DAVIS COMPOSITE TEXTILE STRAND AND FABRIC Filed July 3; 1947 Patented Juiy'5, i949.
' UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,475,083 1 COMPOSITE TEXTILE STRAND AND FABRIC Archibald 11. Davis, Washington, D. 0. Application July 3, 1947, SerlaiNo. 758,808
cal attack and high heat stability, and materials having a high degree of adhesiveness to coating and laminating compositions. J
A further object of the invention is to provide a form of composite textile strand including inorganicfibers-and discrete elements of organic 4 Claims. (Cl. 77-140) may be selected from a wide variety of classes of plastic composition covering a portion only of the surface of the inorganic fibers;
While inorganic fibrous materials, including siliceous fibers, such as glass andasbestos fibers, andfine metallic fibers possess'in' high degree the strength, resistance, and stability desired in many cases, particularly in industrial applications, these fibers are all characterized by. relatively smooth non-adhesive surfaces which entail serious disadvantages in the use of fibers of this type.
I have found that by suitably combining high strength'fibers of low surface adhesion with organic plastic fibers, it is possible to provide composite strands and fabrics in which the adhesion of the components-is greatly increased without any sacrifice of the strength and resistance properties of the high strength fibers.
In general, the invention includes composite textile strands comprising at least one organic plastic fiber and at least two inorganic high strength'fibers, such as glass, asbestos, or metal,
interlaced with the organic plastic fiber to expose successive spaced portions of the plastic fiber in the surface of the strand, thereby providing a composite strand having discrete portions of plastic material distributed at intervals along the surface of the strand. By this construction, the adhesive properties of the'strand are greatly increased, not only by the adhesiveness of the organic plastic material, but also by the effective mechanical interlocking provided by the channels and projections embodied in the strand construction. The organic plastic fibers and the inorganic fibers of the composite strand of the invention may comprise single or multiple filaments or yarns with or without twist in any desired degree. The invention also includes textile fabrics 55 The invention will be more particularly de- 2 I broadly woven, knitted, plied and laminated from the strands of the invention into sheets, webbing, belts, tapes, cordage and the like which may be coated, laminated or otherwise treated to produce articles of improved utility or appearance.
Typical of the high strength inorganic-fibers of low surface adhesion useful in the invention are glass fibers produced in the known way of any desired dimensions, composition and color.
Other high strength fibers suitable for use in the invention are asbestos fibers, mineral wool'fibers and metallic fibers or wires.
The organic plastics useful in the invention organic resins and elastomers including cellulose esters and ethers; polymerization and co-polymerization products of olefinic compounds, such as vinyl compounds, styrene, acrylic acid and its derivatives; synthetic or artificial rubber compositions such as polymerized dienes and the various modifications thereof, rubber halides and hydrohalides, and chloroprene; urea-, thiourea-, and melamine-aldehyde resins; phenol-aldehyde resins; glycerol-polybasic acid resins; polycarboxylic amide condensation products; organic silicone resins; and mixtures of two or more resins or elastomers. The plastics may include suitable plasticizers, pigments, fillers and other modifying agents well known in the plastic art.
The term fibers as used herein includes single fibers or filaments and fiber aggregates such as yarns, plies, sliver, roving and the like.
The composite strands oi'the invention may be made in a wide variety of ways by interlacing and twisting together two or more fibers or fiber aggregates of high strength material with one or more fibers or fiber aggregates of organic plastic material so that successive spaced portions of the plastic material are distributed at intervals along the surface of the strand. 1
In forming the strands, the relative tensions on the inorganic fibers and on the plastic fibers may be adjusted with respect to the relative diameters of the fibers or yarns to cause the plastic fibers oryarns to project beyond the effective diameter of the other fibers in the strand at spaced intervals in the strand or to be depressed below the effective diameter of the other fibers in the exposed portions of the plastic materials. The amount of projection of the exposed portions of the plastic material in the strand surface may be increased after formation of the strand by a suitable treatment, such as heating or treating with a. suitable swelling agent.
scribed with reference to the accompanying drawing showing illustrative embodiments of the principles of the invention.
In the drawing:
Fig. 1 is an enlarged diagrammatic representation of a composite strand embodying the principles of the invention; and
Figs. 2, 3, and 4 are enlarged diagrammatic representations of further embodiments of the invention.
In the composite strand of Fig. 1, the inorganic fibers Ill, iii are successively twisted in alternate directions about the organic plastic fibers Ii. In the resultant strand, the plastic fiber II is interlaced through successive loops of the intertwisted inorganic fibers.
In the composite strand of Fig. 2, the inorganic fibers Ill, l are not intertwisted but are joined into a strand by interlacing the organic plastic fiber ll through successive overlying loops of fibers III, III.
In the strand of Fig. 3, the inorganic fibers l0, H) are intertwisted as in Fig. 1, but more closely, and the organic plastic fiber II is interlaced through successive loops of the intertwisted inorganic fibers. Because of the greater relative tension of the organic plastic fiber in the strand of Fig. 3 than in the strand of Fig. 1, the plastic fiber tends to project a greater distance in the strand of Fig. 1, while in the strand of Fig. 3 the plastic fiber lies more completely within the effective projected diameter of the strand.
The composite strands of the invention may be varied within wide limits without departing from the principles of the invention by varying the relative number and arrangement of the inorganic fibers and the organic plastic fibers. One variant is shown in Fig. 4 wherein the organic plastic fiber II is interlaced alternately through one and then two successive loops of the intertwisted inorganic fibers l0, II).
The composite strands of the invention in their various forms adapt themselves to plying, knitting, weaving and the like into fabric structures of a wide variety of forms. Both the strands of the invention and the fabrics made therefrom provide a high degree of adhesion and mechanical interlocking in coated and laminated structures due to the interlacing of the highly adhesive organic plastic fiber in the strand structure and the adhesive surface elements thereby provided at spaced intervals in the surface of the strands whereby the applied coating composition is bonded to the strands by adhesive contact with the exposed portions of the organic plastic fiber.
It will be clear from the foregoing description and examples that the construction and arrangement of the strands and fabrics may be widely varied without departing from the principles of the invention as defined in the following claims.
I claim:
1. A composite textile strand comprising at least one organic plastic fiber and at least two siliceous fibers interlaced therewith to expose successive spaced portions of the organic plastic fiber in the surface of the strand.
2. A composite textile strand comprising at least one organic plastic fiber and at least two glass fibers interlaced therewith to expose successive spaced portions of the organic plastic fiber in the surface of the strand.
3. A textile fabric comprising a plurality of composite strands, each including at least one organic plastic fiber and at least two siliceous fibers interlaced with the organic plastic fiber to expose successive spaced portions of the organic plastic fiber in the surface of the strands, and a coating composition bonded to the strands by adhesive contact with the exposed portions of the organic plastic fiber.
4. A textile fabric comprising a plurality of composite strands, each including at least one organic plastic fiber and at least two glass fibers interlaced with the organic plastic fiber to expose successive spaced portions of the organic plastic fiber in the surface of the strands, and a coating composition bonded to the strands by adhesive contact with the exposed portions of the organic plastic fiber.
ARCHIBALD H. DAVIS.
REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS France Mar. v25, 1930
US758808A 1947-07-03 1947-07-03 Composite textile strand and fabric Expired - Lifetime US2475083A (en)

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Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2536163A (en) * 1947-10-15 1951-01-02 Union Carbide & Carbon Corp Elastic composite fabrics and process for making same
US2729933A (en) * 1952-07-12 1956-01-10 Schlichter Jute Cordage Compan Twine
US2940885A (en) * 1955-08-31 1960-06-14 Erico Prod Inc Plastic molding material
US2979803A (en) * 1956-06-05 1961-04-18 Collins & Aikman Corp Fur-effect fabrics and method of making same
US3091018A (en) * 1956-12-27 1963-05-28 Johns Manville Fiber Glass Inc Process for combining glass fibers with synthetic resin fibers and product thereof
US3395527A (en) * 1964-06-23 1968-08-06 Scandura Inc Yarn and fabric made therefrom
US3489639A (en) * 1962-12-05 1970-01-13 British Celanese Polypropylene/glass fibre laminate
US3620280A (en) * 1968-04-16 1971-11-16 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Multifilament reinforcement yarns and articles containing same
US3631667A (en) * 1967-08-29 1972-01-04 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Method of making reinforcement for tires
US3729920A (en) * 1969-03-11 1973-05-01 Courtaulds Ltd Novelty textile yarns
US4119748A (en) * 1975-06-05 1978-10-10 N. V. Bekaert S.A. Steel cord reinforced plastic materials
FR2497239A1 (en) * 1980-12-31 1982-07-02 Valeo YARNS AND OTHER GLASS FIBER PRODUCTS AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF
US4598018A (en) * 1983-10-13 1986-07-01 Galileo Electro-Optics Corp. Insulating high temperature wire
EP0310202A1 (en) * 1987-10-02 1989-04-05 Stamicarbon B.V. Combinations of polyolefin filaments and yarns of low wetting and adhesive power and filaments and yarns of high wetting and adhesive power
FR2663050A1 (en) * 1990-06-07 1991-12-13 Tissus Tech De Trevoux Material for the production of camouflage structures, especially against radar detection
US5414984A (en) * 1989-11-15 1995-05-16 Lainiere De Picardie Reinforcement thread for fabric covering or technical textiles

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR685047A (en) * 1929-11-16 1930-07-03 Charles Desrousseaux Et Fils Knitting wool
US1884069A (en) * 1930-04-07 1932-10-25 Neidich Viscose Corp Method of forming composite cords and braids
US2165296A (en) * 1937-09-16 1939-07-11 Oass Alfred Resilient flame-resistant gasket material
US2313058A (en) * 1941-07-17 1943-03-09 Sylvania Ind Corp Textile product and method of making the same

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR685047A (en) * 1929-11-16 1930-07-03 Charles Desrousseaux Et Fils Knitting wool
US1884069A (en) * 1930-04-07 1932-10-25 Neidich Viscose Corp Method of forming composite cords and braids
US2165296A (en) * 1937-09-16 1939-07-11 Oass Alfred Resilient flame-resistant gasket material
US2313058A (en) * 1941-07-17 1943-03-09 Sylvania Ind Corp Textile product and method of making the same

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2536163A (en) * 1947-10-15 1951-01-02 Union Carbide & Carbon Corp Elastic composite fabrics and process for making same
US2729933A (en) * 1952-07-12 1956-01-10 Schlichter Jute Cordage Compan Twine
US2940885A (en) * 1955-08-31 1960-06-14 Erico Prod Inc Plastic molding material
US2979803A (en) * 1956-06-05 1961-04-18 Collins & Aikman Corp Fur-effect fabrics and method of making same
US3091018A (en) * 1956-12-27 1963-05-28 Johns Manville Fiber Glass Inc Process for combining glass fibers with synthetic resin fibers and product thereof
US3489639A (en) * 1962-12-05 1970-01-13 British Celanese Polypropylene/glass fibre laminate
US3395527A (en) * 1964-06-23 1968-08-06 Scandura Inc Yarn and fabric made therefrom
US3631667A (en) * 1967-08-29 1972-01-04 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Method of making reinforcement for tires
US3620280A (en) * 1968-04-16 1971-11-16 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Multifilament reinforcement yarns and articles containing same
US3824779A (en) * 1968-04-16 1974-07-23 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Method of making multifilament yarns
US3729920A (en) * 1969-03-11 1973-05-01 Courtaulds Ltd Novelty textile yarns
US4119748A (en) * 1975-06-05 1978-10-10 N. V. Bekaert S.A. Steel cord reinforced plastic materials
FR2497239A1 (en) * 1980-12-31 1982-07-02 Valeo YARNS AND OTHER GLASS FIBER PRODUCTS AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF
US4598018A (en) * 1983-10-13 1986-07-01 Galileo Electro-Optics Corp. Insulating high temperature wire
EP0310202A1 (en) * 1987-10-02 1989-04-05 Stamicarbon B.V. Combinations of polyolefin filaments and yarns of low wetting and adhesive power and filaments and yarns of high wetting and adhesive power
US5414984A (en) * 1989-11-15 1995-05-16 Lainiere De Picardie Reinforcement thread for fabric covering or technical textiles
FR2663050A1 (en) * 1990-06-07 1991-12-13 Tissus Tech De Trevoux Material for the production of camouflage structures, especially against radar detection

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