US2471241A - Fluid valve and remote-control system - Google Patents

Description

May 24, 1949. H. N. RIDER FLUID VALVE AND REMOTE-CONTROL SYSTEM 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Original Filed Dec. 20, 1944 INVENTOR May 24, 1949. H. NIRIDER FLUID VALVE AND REMOTE-CONTROL SYSTEM 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Original Filed Dec. 20, 1944 INVENTOR ATTO EY May 24, 1949. H. N. RIDER I FLUID'VALVE AND REMOTE-CONTROL SYSTEM 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Original Filed Dec. 20, 1944 A V INVENTOR ATTOR EY Patented May 24, 1949 FLUID VALVE AND REMOTlF-GONTBOB SYSTEM Harry N. Rider, Youngstown, Ohio, assignon. til- Automatic Sprinkler Company of America... Youngstown, @hio, a corporation of Delaware;

Substituted for application SerialENo; 569;03'1 ;.1

This applicatiom January-1" December 20, 194%.

14, 1948, Serial N0. 2,166

4 Claims. 1

This invention relates to a fluid actuated valve and'a remote control system therefor;

The principal object of the invention isthe provision of a fluid actuated valve and remotelypositioned means for effectively controlling the operation thereof.

A further object of the. invention is the provision of a fluid actuated valve and heat-actuated automatic means for operating the same.

A still further object of-theinvention is the provision of afluid actuated valve and manually operated means for operating the same.

Astill further'objectof the invention is the provision of a fluid actuated valve and means for actuating the same including a heat actuated fluid release mechanismandmeans for resetting the said fluid release mechanism.

The fluid actuated valve and-the manual and heat actuated automatic means for efiectlng its operation shown and described herein have been designed to provide a practical and eflicient fluid control valve suchvasmay be used, for example, for controllingthe fluid supply source of a sprinkler=system. The fluidactuated valve is so designed and connected-with the actuating mechanisms used in conjunction therewith asto enable it to be remotely actuated to open or closed position by means of .one or more manual control stations which maybe and preferablyv ar remotely positioned with respect to the fluid control valve itself. The fluid-control. valve is also connected with automatically. acting heat actuated mechanisms that open the said valve upon detection of fire; The fluid control valve may be closed and the heat actuatedmech-anism-s reset for subsequent operation .bythe manual operation of any one of the remotely positioned manual control stations provided. The fluid control valve and its associated controlling andactuating mechanisms are actuated both-manually and automatically and provide a simple and. efflcient fire protection control valve positiveinoperation both with respect to the openingandclosing thereof and particularly adapted for installation on shipboard where the several manual control stations provided may be used to manually open the remotely situated fluidcontrol valve upon the observance of fire and to close the said control valve whether or not it was opened-by the-manual control stations or bythe automatic heat actuated mechanisms also connected therewith.,.

With the. foregoing. and other. objects in view which will appear as the. description proceeds, the. invention resides in .the. combination and arrangementcipartsandfinthe details of con-- struction. hereinafter. described. and claimed, it being understood that ,cnanaesin the precise embodimentotthe invention herein. disclosed can be made within the scope of whatdis claimed without departing, from the .spirit .of.' the invention.

The,presentapplicationisa substitute for application SerialoNo. 5.691331; filed. December 20, 1944, .now. abandoned;

The invention is. illustrated..in the accompanying. drawingr whereinur 1'isa.schematicillustration of the fluid control valve and:associatedloperating mechanisms, both manual. andeutomatic.

ig -is.a..cross..sectiona1 side elevation of one of the manual control valvesillustrated in Figure 1. andjshows, the-.samein .reset position.

Figure-3 is. a .cmsssectional .side elevation of one. of the manual. control I valves .illustrated in Fi ure. lvandlshowsstlie same in, valve opening position.

Figured is acrosssectional sideelevation of one of the. manual. control '.va1ves.i1 lustrated;in Figure.1.and.shows..-the same. in normal non-actuatingpositiom Figurefi is a crosssectionallside.elevation of a portion of the. devicewillustrated. in Figure 1 and taken on..1ine..5. 5 of iFigurefii Figure 16' is va,.cr0ss, sectional. elevation taken on lines ,6-.-BJ oi'lFigure 5;

By, referrinato the dr'awing and Figure l'in particular, it'will be seen that a. fluid actuated fluid control waive lolincludesan. inlet Hand an outlet I21; connected'lb'y; means, ofan orifice I3 subject tothe controlloilasdiaphragm M and plunger, 15'. 'Il1e.dial; hra m I4"and.plunger 15 are positionedion thefluidactuated fluid control valve] fl-sby meansoiLa-valtecap lB which incorporat'es -as.-an integrahpart thereof a superstructure ll. andsuperstructurecap l8 to form a cylinder. l9.'i.11 whichlaopifiton. 2011s operatively p,ositi0ned.. Thepistonlll; is. connected" to the plunger, IFiby;meanslofgalconnecting rod 2i so thatmovement ofithepistonzu is directly imparted. to .theplunger 15;. Itwill'thushe seen that.the..-diaphm m I.4-,..W1.ie1. heldjin the position illustrated; by means ofthepluneer I Send "associated piston.2ll',flserves to close theoriflce is beactuatedfiuidfcontitolivalve. l0; Itwill also be seen thatwinorderuthat the diaphragm M "be retained in. position"illustrated closing the oriflce l3; .fil'lid must be intr'oducedintothe cylinder l 9 above the. pistonfll and 'that.the .area of the ylinder. l9 rmustbe greater-than the area of the orifice l3iofthe'va'lve 1.0: In ordenthavfiuid can and will be introduced into the cylinder l9, a tube 22 incorporating a restriction 23 is connected between an opening 24 in the inlet portion H of the valve l and an opening 25 in the superstructure cap 3 which forms the head of the cylinder IS. A T fitting 26 is connected in the tube 22 between the restriction 23 and the cylinder I9. A tube 22A communicates with the T fitting 26 and with one or more remote control station valves 21 by means of which the fluid actuated fluid control valve In may be caused to open or close. The remote control valve 21 is provided with a rotatable valve element 28 which is provided with a handle 29 so that the valve element 28 may be manually moved thereby.

By referring again to the fluid actuated fluid control valve In it will be seen that an opening 30 therein communicates with the outlet portion l2 thereof and that a tube 3| is in communication therewith and that the tube 3| also extends to n each of the remote control station valves 21. A T fitting 32 connected in the tube 3| provides for the connection therewith of a pneumatic impulse originating device 33 such as is known in the art. The pneumatic impulse originating device 33 includes a diaphragm which translates fluid pressure on one side thereof as in the tube 3| to an increased air pressure on the other side thereof which is conveyed from the pneumatic impulse originating device 33 by means of air tubing 34 in communication therewith. The air tube 34 also communicates with a fluid release valve and actuating mechanism, generally indicated by the numeral 35, and particularly with a manifold 36 thereof so that an increase in air pressure in the air tubing 34 as originated by the pneumatic impulse originating device 33 may be used to actuate the fluid release valve and actuating mechanism 35. The fluid release valve and actuating mechanism is well known in the art and constitutes the subject matter of U. S. Patent No. 2,349,464, issued May 23, 1944, to Harry N. Rider and Fred G. Dieter. The fluid release valve actuating mechanism 35 serves to open a valve portion 31 thereof upon an increase of air pressure in its operating mechanism. This increase of air pressure may also originate automatically as from a heat actuated device 38, shown connected by means of air tubing 39, to the manifold 33 of the fluid release valve and actuating mechanism 35. In this connection it will be observed that a ball check valve 43 is shown positioned in the air tubing 39 so that when a plurality of the heat actuated devices 38 are employed the increase in air pressure originating in one or more of them will be prevented by the ball check valve 40 from flowing back into others of the heat actuated devices 38 and thus adversely affecting the pneumatic operation of the fluid release valve and actuating mechanism 35. The fluid release valve and actuating mechanism 35 is provided with a reset pin 4| to which is attached a pivot arm 42 carrying a roller 43 which is adapted to be actuated by means of a pivoted lever 44 connected directly or indirectly to the connecting rod 2| heretofore referred to in connection with the piston 20 and. the plunger |5 of the fluid actuated fluid control valve It]. -In the symbolic illustration comprising Figure 1, a flexible sheath 44B encloses a movable flexible shaft 44A which comprises a connection between the piston 20 and the connecting rod 2| and the pivoted lever 44. The pivoted lever 44, when actuated by the movable flexible shaft 44A, serves to reset the fluid release valve and actuating mech- 4 anism 35 after it has been operated pneumatically either by the heat actuated device 38 or the pneumatic impulse originating device 33, the latter operation being contingent upon manual operation of one of the remote control station valves 21. The fluid valve portion 31 of the fluid release valve and actuating mechanism 35 is connected to a drain by means of a tube 45 and to the remote control station valves 21 by means of a tube 46.

When the fluid actuated fluid control valve I0 is in normal or closed position, as shown in Figure 1, the normal fluid pressure in the inlet thereof is in communication, by way of the tube 22 and the restriction 23 therein, with the cylinder i3 and hence causes the piston 20 to hold the diaphragm l4 so as to effectively close the orifice 3 and prevent the flow of fluid through the valve ill. The fluid from the inlet I! is also in communication by way of the tube 22A with each of the remote control station valves 21 and specifically with the orifice 22B of each. The remote control station valves .21, shown in cross section in Figure 1 with the handle 29 thereof standing vertically, are in normal position, the valve element 28 thereof and the passageway 28A therein serving to establish communication between the orifice 22B thereof and an orifice 46A thereof, which orifice 46A is in communication with the tube 46 which, as heretofore described, is also in communication with the fluid valve 31 of the fluid release valve and actuating mechanism 35, which valve 31 is normally closed. Therefore, fluid passes from the inlet of the fluid actuated fluid control valve Ill and is in communication by way of the remote control station valves 21 with the normally closed valve 31 of the fluid release valve and actuating mechanism. If a fire occurs in the area subject to the control of the heat actuated device 38, the resulting increase in air pressure in the heat actuated device 38 will operate the fluid release valve and actuating mechanism 35 and cause the quick opening of the valve 31 thereof thereby placing the tube 46 in communication with the drain tube 45 and effectively lowering the fluid pressure in the tube 46 and the tubes 22A and that portion of the tube 22 above the restriction 23 and hence in the cylinder |3 which will effectively destroy the differential heretofore existing therein and permit the fluid in the inlet II to move the diaphragm l4 and the plunger l5 and piston 23 upward to open the orifice l3 and permit the free flow of fluid from the inlet H to the outlet l2 of the fluid actuated fluid control valve l3. When it is desired to close the valve I0, this may be accomplished by the manual actuation of any one of the remote control station valves 21 which, as heretofore explained, are preferably remotely located with respect to the valve Hi. This is done by the manual movement of the handle 29 on the valve element v28 to the closing or reset position as illustrated in Figure 2 of the drawings wherein a cross sectional side elevation of one of the remote control station valves 21 in this closing or resetting position is illustrated.

By referring to Figure 2 of the drawing-it will be observed that the handle 29 has been moved to the left thereby partially rotating the valve element 28 and causing the passageway 28A therein to move away from its normal position whereby it establishes communication between th orifices 22B and 46A, as shown in Figure l, and also in Figure 4 of the drawings. This closing of the normal passageway existing through the remote control station valves 21 between the tubes 22-h and the tube stops the 'iurtherreliet of fluid pressure through the tribe 122A and'peemits the fluid pressure from theinlet lil t'o again build up suflicient differential-in the'cy linder 9 to move the piston and hence the plunger i5 downwardly upon the diaphragm ll-dland therelay-close the orifice l3 and hen'cc the never ifluid through the valve 111. When this occursthe motion of the connecting rod 2 1 which connects the piston [20 with the plunger I5 is utilized-as heretofore explained to' move the resetlpin Al or the fluid release valveaandactuating mecha-. nism 35 and thereby close the valve 331 thereof. When this has occurred the handle id ot therernote control station valved returned either manually or by means of springsz-(not shownlto its normal (upright) position thereby re-es'tablish-ing com-munioation between' the tube 225 and the tube '46. The system isthen condition for subsequent operation. I

In the event that a the is observed hefore the same is detected Joy-the heat actuated-devices and the valve operated 'as a resultof the operation of the fluid releasevalve and actuating mechanism 35 as just described, any one cr me-remote control valves 21 may be utilized to cause the opening of the fluid-actuated fluid control valve to. This is accomplished by the movement of the handle 29 of any oneofthe remote control stationvalves 2 to theright-a's indicated in'Figure 3 of the drawings wherein across sectional illustration of a valve 27 in this position will he seen. By referring thereto-it-wi-ll'be observed that when the handle 29 is moved to the rightthe passageway 28A in the rotatable valve element establishes communication between the orifice 22B and an orificeJ3 lA of the remote control station valve 21 and as the orifice 3| A is in-communication with the tube 3|; which is also" in communication with the outlet portion t2-of the fluid actuated fluidcontrol valve 1-0, the resulting action is to relieve the-fluid pressure in the tube 22A and that portion of the tube 22 above the restriction '23 and hence in the-cylinder W and direct that fluid into the outlet portion 1'2 of the valve In and at the same time causethe actuation of the pneumaticimpu'lse originating device 33. The relief of the fluid'pressure in the cylinder 19 will permit the fluid-pressure in the inlet H of the valve lfl'to force the diaphragm i 4 and the plunger 1 5 and the piston 20 upwardly and hence open the fluid passageway through the orifice I 3 of the valve H) andwpermit the free flow of fluid therethroug-li; Simultaneously, the diaphragm in the pneumatic impulse originating device 33 will translate-the fluid pressure thus introduced into the line 3'l-fromthe line 22A, and the inlet orifice H of thevalve 10,; into an increase in air pressure in the tubing 34' which in turn will actuate the fluid release valve and actuating mechanism '35 and cause the valve portion 3'! thereof to be opened. Thus, when'this action occurs, which is simultaneous with the opening of the valve 10, the-handle!!! of the "remote control station valve 21 may be released or returned to the normal position,- asillustrated in Figures 1 and 4, without aiiectingthe operation in any manner, as the relief of pressurew'i'll continue through the tubes 22A and the pipes 46 and 45, the valve 3-1 being open by rea's-on'of the tripping of the fluid release valve and-"actuat ing mechanism. Thisactionoftripping the pneumatic impulse originating device -33 occurs 'because the fluid pressure inthe'inlet I For the valve "It is always greater than 6 in the-outlet 12: thereof and: the pressure-11% fierentiation actuates the diaphragm the pneumatic impulse originating device 3'3;

Iii-order to reset the valve It, the handle 29 0f the remote control valve 2'! is moved to the left, as previously described in connection with Figure 2 0f thedrawings, and as this action causes the rotatable valve element 28 to close the orifice 22B and hence the communication through the line Mlle the fluid pressure from the inlet ll of the valve on again re-cstablishes itself in-the cylinder i=9' an'dhen ce movesthe' piston 20, the connecting rod riend-"the plunger l5 down upon the diaphragm M to cause it to close the orifice I'3 of the: valve It and hence stop the further flow o'f fluid" tlrene'throug'h. The downward travel of the pistonhfl -moves a flexible shaft A which is enclosed in a flexible sheath 44B and thereby moves the pivoted lever 44 and causes the reset pin -41' of the fluid release valve and actuating mechanism 35 to reset and hence close the valve '31- thereof. The system is again in condition -for subsequent operation either manual or automatic.

The fluid release valve and actuating mechanism 35' forms an integral part of the remote control system for the fluidvalve I0, asthe heat actuated devices 38 actuate the fluid release valve andactuating mechanism 35 to effect the automatic actuation of'the valve in the event of" fire. The-fluidrelease valve and actuating mechanism 35 is also automatically tripped by means of the pneumatic impulseoriginating device '33 at such time as the valve I0 is caused to open by the manual actuation of one of the remote control station valves -27;

By'referring to Figures 5 and 6, detailed illustrations of thefluid r'elease valve and actuating mechanisms may be seen. In Figure 5 a housing 35 fromwh'ich the valve portion 3! depends will be seen toenclose'a diaphragm unit comprising a pair of diaphragm enclosing discs 41 and 48 having -a diaphragm '49 positioned therebetween. It will be observed that the diaphragm disc 48 is'provided with a drilled and tapped opening 50 in which a vent body 51 is threadably engaged; The lowermost portion of the Vent body 5| is filled with desirable packing material and the vent-itself forms a slow acting vent in communication with the diaphragm case 48. In communication with the vent body 5| thereis atube 52 which extends upwardly therefrom and into the manifold 36 formed on the uppermost surface ofthe housing 35.

Inorder that movement imparted to abushing pin 53" by the diaphragm 49; 'as'in response to a pneumatic impulse generated byone 'ofthe heat actuated devices 38 in communication with the-diaphragm unit, may be utilized in operating therelief valve 31, an operating lever '54 is pivoted to the diaphragm case 41 by means of a pivot'ii'. Thelowermostend of the operating leverrest's against the outermost end of the bushing-pints and is normally held in that relation by'means of a small strip spring 56, one end of which' is also aifixed'to the diaphragm case 4'1. The'upper most-end "of the operating lever 54 terminates-hm nea-th a fulcrum lever 5! which inturn is-pivoted by means of apivot'58 to a bracket '59 'also' formed on the diaphragm case '41. The outermost'en'd of the fulcrum lever'51 is, as'best illustratediin Figure 6', provided with a downturned tapered end section which forms a restrainingflatch. for, a valve lever fifl; which valve lever is pivotedlby means of a. pivot 61. to a gland member. GZIwliih in connection with a flexible gland fittliroush which the valve lever passes, forms a closure between the fluid relief valve 3'! and the remainder of the release device.

Still referring to Figure 6 wherein the details of the relief valve 31 are more clearly illustrated, it will be observed that a slidable valve element 64 is positioned in a cylindrical valve chamber which is located within the relief valve structure 31. The chamber 65 communicates through an opening 66 with the tubular connection 46 heretofore described as illustrated in Figure 1. The valve chamber 55 communicates at one end thereof with a drilled and tapped restricted opening 61 which comprises the relief opening from which fluid pressure is exhausted at such time as the relief valve 3? is open. It will be observed that the fluid pressure entering the valve chamber 65 through the drilled and tapped opening 66 which is in communication with the tubular connection 46, tends to retain the freely moving, unpacked valve element 64 in closed position against the only outlet and in order that the valve element 64 may be moved to open position, motion imparted to the valve lever 60 must overcome the fluid pressure holding the valve element 64 against the outlet orifice 67. In order that this may be accomplished, a coil spring 68 is provided, one end of which engages an opening formed on the valve lever 60 and the other end of which is adjustably positioned with respect to a bracket 69 which forms a part of the housing 35. An extension Iii of the bracket 69 provides a guide and retaining member for the valve lever 60, as a slot formed therein defines an area in which the valve lever 69 may move. It will thus be seen that at such time as the bushing pin 53 moves outwardly from the diaphragm case 41 it engages, as has heretofore been described, the operating lever 54, pivoted upon the pivot 55 which causes the uppermost end thereof to move Ci outwardly from underneath the fulcrum lever 51 which in turn permits the opposite end of the fulcrum lever 5'! to move upwardly. This opposite end of the fulcrum lever comprises the downwardly depending tapered portion '51 (see Figure 6) which normally acts as a latch in restraining the valve lever 60 from movement, which movement opens the relief valve 31 and permits the relief of the fluid pressure in communication therewith, which fluid pressure normally holds the valve I closed.

In order that the device may be reset after operating, the reset rod M is provided, which reset rod is positioned through the housing 35 by means of a flexible diaphragm H. The reset rod is provided at its innermost end with an adjustable resetting pin MA. The resetting pin HA is adapted to directly engage the valve lever 60 so as to move it into the position shown in Figure 6 in which the valve element 64 in the valve chamber 65 is in closed position. In order that the fulcrum lever will be positively moved into latched position so that it serves as a latch restraining the valve lever 66 from movement as well as permitting the uppermost end of the operating lever 54 to move in under the one end thereof, a reset lever 12 is provided and is pivoted to a structural portion of the housing 35 by means of a. pivot 13 and is so positioned that an end thereof slidably engages the reset rod 4! and is adapted to mount an inclined shoulder M formed thereon which imparts upward movement to one end of the reset lever 12 and downward movement to the opposite end, which opposite end is positioned directly over the fulcrum lever .51. A

spring 15 is positioned about the pivot 13 and serves to normally retain the upper end of the reset lever 12 in elevated position with respect to the fulcrum lever 51. In order that the reset rod 4i may be moved outwardly after the resetting operation, a coil spring 16 is positioned thereabout and engages a collar 11 formed on the reset rod and an upwardly extending portion 18 of the bracket 18 through which the reset rod passes.

It will thus be seen that movement of the diaphragm 49 in response to a pneumatic impulse originated in a fire zone by one of the heat actuated devices 38 results in the movement of the operating lever 54, the fulcrum lever 51 which permits the valve lever 60 to be moved by the spring 68 which results in opening the valve element 64 in the valve chamber 65 of the relief valve 31 and the relief of fluid pressure in communication therewith.

It will thus be seen that the automatic operation of the fluid actuated fluid control valve 10 by means of the heat actuated device 38 is dependent upon the fluid release valve and actuating mechanism 35 just described, or upon the operation of one of the remote control station valves 21, as heretofore described.

It will thus be seen that a practical and simple fluid actuated fluid control valve and remote automatic heat actuated controlling system therefor has been devised which is particularly adapted for shipboard installation and which provides positive trouble free operation of a main sprinkler valve both automatically and manually with respect to both the opening and I the closing of the main valve.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is:

l. A fluid valve and remote control system therefor, said fluid valve including a diaphragm and pressure responsive means for operating the said diaphragm to close a fluid passageway through the said valve, means in communication with the said fluid valve and pressure responsive diaphragm operating means for normally maintaining fluid pressure in the said pressure responsive diaphragm operating means, manua1 and heat actuated relief valves in communication with said pressure responsive diaphragm operating means for relieving fluid pressure therefrom so as to permit the said fluid valve to open, heat actuated devices in communication with said heat actuated relief valve, said manual valve including a normally open channel establishing communication between the said diaphragm operating means and the said heat actuated relief valve, resetting mechanism on said heat actuated relief valve, and motion transmitting means connecting the said pressure responsive diaphragm operating means and the said resetting mechanism of the said heat actuated relief valve so that movement of the said pressure responsive diaphragm operating means may be used to reset the said heat actuated relief valve after operation.

2. A fluid actuated control valve and remote control system therefor, said fluid actuated valve including a diaphragm and pressure responsive means for operating the said diaphragm to close a fluid passageway through the said valve, means communicating with the inlet of the said control valve and pressure responsive diaphragm operating means for normally maintaining fluid pressure in the said pressure responsive diaphragm .operating means, a remotely situated manual control valve in communication with said pressure responsive diaphragm operating means and a normally closed heat actuated automatic relief valve in communication with said remotely situated manual control valve, the said remotely situated manual control valve normally forming an open channel to said heat actuated automatic relief valve, the said pressure responsive diaphragm operating means being responsive in operation to either the venting of pressure by the remotely situated manual control valve or the venting of pressure by the opening of the heat actuated automatic relief valve.

3. A fluid actuated control valve and control system therefor, said control system including a plurality of remote control station valves and a heat actuated fluid release valve in communication with and responsive to a plurality of heat actuated devices in a fire zone, the said fluid actuated control valve including a diaphragm for closing a fluid passageway therethrough and a diaphram operating mechanism of the differential type, means establishing restricted communication between the inlet of the said fluid actuated control valve and the said diaphragm operating mechanism, means establishing a communication channel between said diaphragm actuating means and each of the said remote control station valves and by way thereof with the said heat actuated fluid release valve, each of the said remote control station valves including means for venting pressure from said diaphragm operating mechanism, and for closing said communication channel, the said diaphragm operating mechanism responsive in opening operation to the relief of pressure and in closing operation to the increase of pressure.

4. In a fire extinguishing system including a fluid actuated main control valve responsive in opening operation to relief of pressure in its operating mechanism and having a heat actuated automatic release valve for normally actuating the said main control valve in the event of fire, means establishing communication between the said main control valve and the automatic release valve, manual control means for actuating the said main control valve operatively connected in said communication means, said manual control means including a valve body having three orifices, and a rotatable valve element having a channel therein for connecting two of the said orifices at one time, the said communication means being normally maintained through two of the said orifices by the said channel in the rotatable valve element, said fluid actuated control valve normally responsive in opening operation to the opening of the said heat actuated automatic release valve and capable of opening actuation by the manual movement of the said rotatable valve element to relieve pressure in the communication means, by way of the third orifice, and capable of closing actuation by the manual movement of the said rotatable valve element to establish pressure in the said communication means.

HARRY N. RIDER.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name .Date

608,454 Gulland Aug. 2, 1898 1,248,650 Gustafson Dec. 4, 1917 1,953,671 Conran Apr. 3, 1934 2,334,826 Lowe Nov. 23, 1943

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