US2468458A - Method of manufactubing resistance - Google Patents
Method of manufactubing resistance Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2468458A US2468458A US2468458DA US2468458A US 2468458 A US2468458 A US 2468458A US 2468458D A US2468458D A US 2468458DA US 2468458 A US2468458 A US 2468458A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- resistance
- oxygen
- reducing gas
- hydrogen
- manufactubing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 32
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 24
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 24
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 14
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229910001929 titanium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N TiO Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 6
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);titanium(4+) Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4] SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000001105 regulatory Effects 0.000 description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000875 corresponding Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 101700052672 mix-1 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydroxide Inorganic materials [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000000717 retained Effects 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D17/00—Separation of liquids, not provided for elsewhere, e.g. by thermal diffusion
- B01D17/02—Separation of non-miscible liquids
- B01D17/04—Breaking emulsions
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S264/00—Plastic and nonmetallic article shaping or treating: processes
- Y10S264/25—Metallic oxide
Definitions
- a mixture of magnesia and titanium oxide is sintered at a temperature beyond 1700 0., preferably of from 1800 to 2000 C., in a reducing gas stream whose content of oxygen with respect to the hydrogen present therein amounts to at least 0.003% by volume and for the rest is exactly adjusted in connection with the desired resistance value.
- the content of oxygen of the reducing gases which surround the resistance bodies during the sinterin operation is particularly important in connection with the obtainment of the desired resistance value.
- this content of oxygen can be regulated not only by the choice of the composition of the gas introduced but also by adjusting the speed of flow.
- the correct speed of flow may be ascerreduction may have an appreciable influence on the reducing character thereof.
- the heating takes place with the aid of a molybdenum tube heated by an electric current to 1800-1900 C., said tube having a length of 30 cms. and an internal diameter of 8 mms. If the speed of the flowing gas is adjusted to 16 litres per minute we obtain resistances which, when having a length of 18 mms. and a diameter of 1.35 mms., have at room temperature a resistance value of about 1.5x10 ohms. At a temperature of 300 C. the resistance value is approximately of the value at room temperature.
- a method of manufacturing resistanceelemerits comprising the steps of sintering a mixture of magnesium and titanium oxides at a temperature greater than about 1700" C. in a reducing gas stream containing hydrogen and oxygen in the amount of at least 0.003% by volume of the hydrogen, and controlling the amount of oxygen in said reducing gas stream by adjusting the flow of said reducing gas over said sintered mixture.
- a method of manufacturing resistance elements comprising the steps of sintering a mix- 1 's of magnesium and titanium oxides containing small addition of an element selected from the group carbon and silicon at a temperature greater than bout 1700"C.-' in :a reducing gas stream containin hydrogen and-oxygen in the amount of at least 0.003% by volume of the hydrogen, and controlling the amount of oxygen in said gas stream by adjusting. the flow of said reducing gas over said sintered mixture.
- a method of manufacturing resistance elements comprising the'steps oi sintering a mixture containing magnesium oxide, approximately 4% by weight of titanium oxide, and a small addition of an element selected from the group carbon and silicon at a temperature greater than about 1700 C. in a reducing gas stream containing hydrogen and oxygen in the amount of at least 0.003% by volume of the hydrogen, and controlling the amount of oxygen in said reducing gas stream by adjustin the flow of said reducing gas over said sintered mixture.
- a method of manufacturing resistance elements comprising the steps of sintering a mix- Number Name Date 1,992,482 Heuer Feb. 26, 1935 20 2,021,520 Reichmann NOV. 19; 1935 2,095,982 Heany Oct. 19, 1937 2,316,228
Landscapes
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Ceramic Products (AREA)
Description
Patented Apr. 26, 1949 METHOD OF MANUFACTURING RESISTANCE ELEMENTS Adriaan Abraham Padmos and Evert Johannes Willem Verwey, Eindhoven, Netherlands, assignors, by mesne assignments, to Hartford National Bank and Trust Company, Hartford,
Conn., as trustee No Drawing. Application May 3, 1946, Serial No. 667,106. In the Netherlands April 29, 1942 Section 1, Public Law 690, August 8, 1946 Patent expires April 29, 1962 4 Claims. (01. 25157) In a copending application for a U. S. Patent Serial No. 668,471, flied May 9, 1946, a method is disclosed with the aid of which it is possible to manufacture sintered resistance bodies which have a high resistance value and a low temperature coeflicient of the resistance and which consist of an insulatin mass of magnesia in which particles of reduced electrically conducting titanium oxide are dispersed in a quantity of 3% at the most.
According to this method, a mixture of magnesia and titanium oxide is sintered at a temperature beyond 1700 0., preferably of from 1800 to 2000 C., in a reducing gas stream whose content of oxygen with respect to the hydrogen present therein amounts to at least 0.003% by volume and for the rest is exactly adjusted in connection with the desired resistance value.
For Wholesale manufacture this method can b further improved in various respects.
In the method described in the copending application, the content of oxygen of the reducing gases which surround the resistance bodies during the sinterin operation is particularly important in connection with the obtainment of the desired resistance value. Now it has been found that this content of oxygen can be regulated not only by the choice of the composition of the gas introduced but also by adjusting the speed of flow. The correct speed of flow may be ascerreduction may have an appreciable influence on the reducing character thereof. I
For carrying the invention into efiect use may be made with particular advantage of the embodiment described in the copendin application wherein the starting point is formed by partly reduced titanium oxide or by corresponding mixtures of titanium dioxide and titanium because in this case a smaller amount of oxygen is set free and consequently the content of oxygen of the gas surrounding the resistance bodies can be regulated more easily by means of the speed of flow. Now it has been found that such a favourable influence is exerted not only by titanium in the starting mixture but also by silicon and carbon. Moreover, these additions bring about a slight displacement of the temperature coefficient of the resistance in the positive direction, which is desirable for some applications.
' are retained.
The invention will hereinafter be explained more fully with reference to one example.'
Magnesia which has been preliminarily heated to 1300-1400 (7., is ground, jointly with approximately 4% by weight of rutile and 1% by weight of carbon with alcohol, during 8 hours in a ballmillwhereupon, with the use of nitrocellulose as a binder, the material is pressed into rods which are dried. Subsequently, these rods are sintered durin about 6 minutes in a gas stream consisting of a mixture of about 90% by volume of nitrogen and 10% by volume of hydrogen, this gas being purified by causing it to pass over finely divided Cu present on infusorial earth and heated to 300 C. and dried with the aid of solid KOH, liquid oxygen and P205. The heating takes place with the aid of a molybdenum tube heated by an electric current to 1800-1900 C., said tube having a length of 30 cms. and an internal diameter of 8 mms. If the speed of the flowing gas is adjusted to 16 litres per minute we obtain resistances which, when having a length of 18 mms. and a diameter of 1.35 mms., have at room temperature a resistance value of about 1.5x10 ohms. At a temperature of 300 C. the resistance value is approximately of the value at room temperature.
What we claim is:
1. A method of manufacturing resistanceelemerits, comprising the steps of sintering a mixture of magnesium and titanium oxides at a temperature greater than about 1700" C. in a reducing gas stream containing hydrogen and oxygen in the amount of at least 0.003% by volume of the hydrogen, and controlling the amount of oxygen in said reducing gas stream by adjusting the flow of said reducing gas over said sintered mixture.
2. A method of manufacturing resistance elements comprising the steps of sintering a mix- 1 's of magnesium and titanium oxides containing small addition of an element selected from the group carbon and silicon at a temperature greater than bout 1700"C.-' in :a reducing gas stream containin hydrogen and-oxygen in the amount of at least 0.003% by volume of the hydrogen, and controlling the amount of oxygen in said gas stream by adjusting. the flow of said reducing gas over said sintered mixture.
3. A method of manufacturing resistance elements, comprising the'steps oi sintering a mixture containing magnesium oxide, approximately 4% by weight of titanium oxide, and a small addition of an element selected from the group carbon and silicon at a temperature greater than about 1700 C. in a reducing gas stream containing hydrogen and oxygen in the amount of at least 0.003% by volume of the hydrogen, and controlling the amount of oxygen in said reducing gas stream by adjustin the flow of said reducing gas over said sintered mixture.
4. A method of manufacturing resistance elements, comprising the steps of sintering a mix- Number Name Date 1,992,482 Heuer Feb. 26, 1935 20 2,021,520 Reichmann NOV. 19; 1935 2,095,982 Heany Oct. 19, 1937 2,316,228
REFERENCES CIT The following references are of record in the file of this patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS Erdmann Apr. 13, 1943
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2468458A true US2468458A (en) | 1949-04-26 |
Family
ID=3436367
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US2468458D Expired - Lifetime US2468458A (en) | Method of manufactubing resistance |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2468458A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2616859A (en) * | 1945-03-16 | 1952-11-04 | Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co | Electrical resistor |
| US2636244A (en) * | 1949-08-19 | 1953-04-28 | Williams Albert Etheridge | Manufacture of refractory articles |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1992482A (en) * | 1934-01-09 | 1935-02-26 | Gen Refractories Co | High-pressure brick containing magnesia, and process of making the same |
| US2021520A (en) * | 1932-07-15 | 1935-11-19 | Siemens Ag | Method of making bodies consisting of metallic oxides |
| US2095982A (en) * | 1937-10-19 | Magnesium oxide products and proc | ||
| US2316228A (en) * | 1932-12-31 | 1943-04-13 | Erdmann Konrad | Process for the production of chromite blocks |
-
0
- US US2468458D patent/US2468458A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2095982A (en) * | 1937-10-19 | Magnesium oxide products and proc | ||
| US2021520A (en) * | 1932-07-15 | 1935-11-19 | Siemens Ag | Method of making bodies consisting of metallic oxides |
| US2316228A (en) * | 1932-12-31 | 1943-04-13 | Erdmann Konrad | Process for the production of chromite blocks |
| US1992482A (en) * | 1934-01-09 | 1935-02-26 | Gen Refractories Co | High-pressure brick containing magnesia, and process of making the same |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2616859A (en) * | 1945-03-16 | 1952-11-04 | Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co | Electrical resistor |
| US2636244A (en) * | 1949-08-19 | 1953-04-28 | Williams Albert Etheridge | Manufacture of refractory articles |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US2371211A (en) | Electrical resistance element | |
| US2511216A (en) | Process of making electrical resistors | |
| US2616859A (en) | Electrical resistor | |
| US3044968A (en) | Positive temperature coefficient thermistor materials | |
| US3510820A (en) | Thermistor | |
| US2468458A (en) | Method of manufactubing resistance | |
| US2864884A (en) | Resistor and spark plug embodying same | |
| US2696544A (en) | Electric resistance alloy | |
| US2981699A (en) | Positive temperature coefficient thermistor materials | |
| US3235655A (en) | Resistor composition and devices embodying same | |
| US2645700A (en) | Semiconductor of mixed nickel, manganese, and iron oxides | |
| US2329511A (en) | Method of making resistors | |
| JPS60262303A (en) | Ptc ceramic composition | |
| US2507233A (en) | Electric resistance and method of making | |
| PADMOS et al. | Other Classes | |
| US2200854A (en) | Electrical contact | |
| US4010120A (en) | High temperature hot conductors | |
| US4292505A (en) | Furnace for generating heat by electrical resistance | |
| US3842018A (en) | Oxide varistor composition consisting of zno,sb2o3 and/or sb2o5,zro2,tio2 and/or geo2,and bi2o3 | |
| US4010121A (en) | High temperature hot conductors | |
| US4010122A (en) | High temperature hot conductors | |
| US1019568A (en) | Method of making resistance material. | |
| CN101830700B (en) | Barium titanate-based thermosensitive resistance material with low B value and high resistivity and preparation method thereof | |
| US2475864A (en) | Electric resistance element | |
| US1467810A (en) | High-temperature resistor material |