US2452526A - Apparatus for compressing highly reactive gases - Google Patents
Apparatus for compressing highly reactive gases Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2452526A US2452526A US647461A US64746146A US2452526A US 2452526 A US2452526 A US 2452526A US 647461 A US647461 A US 647461A US 64746146 A US64746146 A US 64746146A US 2452526 A US2452526 A US 2452526A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- diaphragm
- fluorine
- compression chamber
- wall
- closed chamber
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 title description 10
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 44
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 44
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 34
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 34
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 34
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 27
- 229910021630 Antimony pentafluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- VBVBHWZYQGJZLR-UHFFFAOYSA-I antimony pentafluoride Chemical compound F[Sb](F)(F)(F)F VBVBHWZYQGJZLR-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000003682 fluorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 3
- UWTFGHPTJQPZQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,4-tetrafluoro-5,6-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene Chemical group FC1=C(F)C(F)=C(C(F)(F)F)C(C(F)(F)F)=C1F UWTFGHPTJQPZQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nicotine Chemical compound CN1CCCC1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000004812 organic fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- USPWUOFNOTUBAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,4,5-pentafluoro-6-(trifluoromethyl)benzene Chemical compound FC1=C(F)C(F)=C(C(F)(F)F)C(F)=C1F USPWUOFNOTUBAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QWZHVIDXHYBBDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-trifluoro-2,4,6-tris(trifluoromethyl)benzene Chemical group FC1=C(C(F)(F)F)C(F)=C(C(F)(F)F)C(F)=C1C(F)(F)F QWZHVIDXHYBBDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012025 fluorinating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010688 mineral lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- QGMRQYFBGABWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;5-ethyl-5-pentan-2-yl-1,3-diazinane-2,4,6-trione Chemical compound [Na+].CCCC(C)C1(CC)C(=O)NC(=O)NC1=O QGMRQYFBGABWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000000707 wrist Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B43/00—Machines, pumps, or pumping installations having flexible working members
- F04B43/0009—Special features
- F04B43/0081—Special features systems, control, safety measures
- F04B43/009—Special features systems, control, safety measures leakage control; pump systems with two flexible members; between the actuating element and the pumped fluid
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B45/00—Pumps or pumping installations having flexible working members and specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04B45/04—Pumps or pumping installations having flexible working members and specially adapted for elastic fluids having plate-like flexible members, e.g. diaphragms
- F04B45/053—Pumps having fluid drive
- F04B45/0533—Pumps having fluid drive the fluid being actuated directly by a piston
Description
0d. 26, 1948. s. G. OSBORNE 2,452,526
APPARATUS FOR COMP RESSING HIGHLY REACTIVE GASES Filed Feb. 14, 1946 m m I III 'INVENTOR.
" J. AW
Patented Got. 26, 1948 APPARATUS FOR COMPRESSIN G HIGHLY REACTIVE GASES Sidney G. Gsborne, Niagara Falls, N. Y., assign'or to Hooker Electrochemical Company, Niagara Falls, N. Y., a'corporation of New York Application February 14, 1946, Serial No. G l-[Mil '7 Claims.
More particularly, my invention resides in an apparatus of the elastic diaphragm type for compressing dangerously reactive gases, especially those that are reactive with lubricating oils. I will describe my apparatus as used for compression of elemental fluorine.
'Flourine is'the most reactive of all the chemical elements; In presence of a little moisture or grease, it will attack anything that is not already fully fluorinated. Fortunately, in absence of moisturemany infetals' become coated witha film of fluoride whichpr'otects them from further attack." "Anion'gthese is non.
"Nevertheless, it is not possible to compress fluorine in a compressor of the ordinary piston type, because pistons require lubrication, and lubricating oils set up with fluorine a violent reaction that will eventually consume the iron.
Elemental fluorine cannot be compressed as chlorine may be, in apparatus employing a piston of sulphuric acid, because under heat and pressure it reacts with the acid. It is known that gases can be compressed in apparatus employing an elastic diaphragm in place of a piston.
However, the diaphragm is subject to fatigue,
and rupture of the diaphragm, permitting fluorine to pass through it and come into contact with lubricated mechanism, would be disastrous. I have now found that certain fully or partially fluorinated or fluoroc'hlorinated reaction products exist which are inert to or of low reactivity with fluorine, liquid at temperatures developed during compression to moderate pressures, and of sufficiently low vapor pressure for use in confined spaces. I have successfully interposed such liquids between an elastic steel diaphragm in contact with fluorine and another in contact with a piston of oil, reciprocally actuated by mechanical means. In this way, I have been able to compress fluorine without serious risk to the operator, even in the event of failure of one or both of the diaphragms. Among such liquids are antimony pentafluoride, perfluortoluene (CsFsCF's), perfluorxylene (CGF4(CF3)2), perfluormesitylene (CsF3(CF3)3), and certain polymerization products of tetrafluorethylene and trifiuoromonochlorethylene.
Antimony'pentafiuoride is of course inert to fluorine. The organic compounds are not completely inert to fluorine, as they can under favor able circumstances be fluorinated further to carbon' fluorides; However, under ordinary conditions they are of low reactivity with fluorine. Antimony pentafluoride is a powerful fluorinating agent. The above mentioned organic compounds are in fact fluorinated in two steps, the second of which may employ antimony pentafluoride.
In my apparatus, the mechanically reciprocated diaphragm is preferably actuated by a: liquid piston of lubricating oil which in turn is actuated by a metal piston, in known manner. If the above organic fluorination products were to come into contact with the oil they might, under some circumstances, react therewith, but never with dangerous violence. At moderate pressures, they will not react dangerously with fluorine. They are completely inert to antimony pentafluoride, having already been reacted therewith.
For compressing to moderate pressures, e. g., 40 lbs. per sq. inch gage, therefore, Iv preferably use one of the above organic fluorine compounds between two diaphragms, one. of which is in contact with the fluorine on its opposite side and the other of which is in contact on its opposite side with the oil. For'compressing fluorine to pressure above 40 lbs. gage, e. g., lbs. per. sq. in. gage, I prefer to use both antimony pentafluoride and one of the organic fluorine compounds, in two compartments separated by an intermediate elastic diaphragm.
Referring to the drawing:
Fig. 1 is anelevation, partly in section, of a typical apparatus for compressing highly reactive gases, employing an intervening column of relatively inert liquid. 2 2
Fig. 2 is an enlarged detail in section of the 'valvemechanism ofFig. 1.'
In the figures, 1 is an induction pipe for the gas, 2 an inlet valve, 3 a discharge valve and 4 a discharge pipe for the gas, 5, 6 and '7 are elastic diaphragms clamped between flanges 8 and 9, H3 and H, and I2 and I3 respectively. Flanges 9 and It areconnected together by pipe I l and flanges H and [2 by pipe 15, these pipes forming with the space between the diaphragms and their respective flanges pressure tight chamhers. Ports [6 and H form with the space between diaphragm 5 and flange 8 a chamber closed by valves '2 and 3, the volume of ports 16 and El being very small compared with the displacement of diaphragm 5'. Diaphragm gs is therefore in contact on one of its sides-withthe gas to be compressed. Assuming the gas to be fluorine, the space between diaphragms 5 and 6 is completely filled with a liquid of low reactivity with fluorine, preferably antimony pent-afiuoride, and the space between diaphragms fi and l with one ofthe organic fliuorinecompounds, preferably perfluorxylene. The other side o'f diaphragm (is in contact with lubrieating oil, which fills the space between it and conventional metal piston I8, and communicates with the space between diaphragm l and flange l3 through ports piston l8 travels in cylinder l9 and is actuated by conventional mechanism, comprising guides 2| and 22, connecting rod 23, wrist pin 24, and motor 25, which may be electric. 26 is a building wall, interposed between flanges 9 and ID for greater safety, so that the parts containing fluorine may be completely isolated from the mechanism containing oil.
Referring to Fig. 2, inlet valve 2 is of a simple disc type and discharge valve 3 of the poppet type. Both are gravity closed, as no known spring will withstand fluorine. Valve 3 'is provided with adjustable bolt 21, limiting its travel.
Flanges 9, H), ll, 12 and I3 are provided with ports for introducing the hydraulic fluid into the diaphragm chambers and removing it therefrom. These ports are closed by plugs 28 and 29 respectively.
Diaphragms 5, 6 and l are shown as plain sheets. These can have only slight travel in proportion to their diameters, but the permissable travel is nevertheless suflicient for my purpose. The travel can be increased, if desired, by -corrugating, in known manner. When pressures in excess of 100 lbs. gage are desired, these can be obtained by using two ormore compressors of similar type, in series.
I claim asmy invention:
1'. An apparatus for compressing anhydrous gaseous fluorine, comprising a compression chamber; an induction conduit for fluorine communieating therewith; a valve inisaid conduit adapted to permit inflow to said compression chamber and prevent outflow therefrom; an exit conduit communicating with said compression chamber; a valve in said exit conduit adapted to permit outflow from said compression chamber and prevent inflow thereto; a diaphragm constituting a wall of said compression chamber, capable of elastic displacement of a volumetric magnitude approximating the volume of said compression chamber; a closed chamber, of whichsaid diaphragm constitutes one wall; a second diaphragm, likewise constituting a wall of said closed chamber, capable of elastic displacement of a volumetric magnitude at least equal to that of said first mentioned diaphragm; and mechanical means for causing reciprocal displacement of said second diaphragm; said closed chamber being substantially completely filled with a liquid fluorination product inert with respect to fluorine.
2. An apparatus for compressing anhydrous gaseous fluorine, comprising a compression chamher; an induction conduit for fluorine communicating therewith; a valve in said conduit adapted to permit inflow to said compression chamber and prevent outflow therefrom; an exit conduit communicating with said compression chamber; a valve in said exit conduit adapted to permit outflow from said compression chamber and prevent inflow thereto; a; diaphragm constituting a Wall of said compression chamber, capable of elastic displacement of a volumetric magnitude approximating the volume of said compression chamber; a closed chamber, of which saiddiaphragm constitutes one wall; a second diaphragm, like- Wise constituting a wall of said closed chamber, capable of elastic displacement of a volumetric magnitude at least equal to that of said first mentioned diaphragm; and mechanical means for causing reciprocal displacement of said second diaphragm; said closed chamber being substan- 4 tially completely filled with a liquid inorganic fluorination product inert with respect to fluorine.
3. An apparatus for compressing anhydrous gaseous fluorine, comprising a compression chamber; an induction conduit for fluorine communicating therewith; a valve in said conduit adapted to permit inflow to said compression chamber and prevent outflow therefrom; an exit conduit communicating with said compression chamber; a valve in said exit conduit adapted to permit outflow from said compression chamber and prevent inflow thereto; a diaphragm constituting a wall of said compression chamber, capable of elastic displacement of a volumetric magnitude approximating the volume of said compression chamber; a closed chamber of which said diaphragm constitutes one wall; a second diaphragm, likewise constituting a wall of said closed chamber, capable of elastic displacement of a volumetric magnitude at least equal to that ofsaid first mentioned diaphragm; and mechanical means for causing reciprocal displacement of said second diaphragm; said closed chamber being substantially completely filled with antimony pentafluoride.
4. An apparatus for compressing anhydrous gaseous fluorine, comprising a compression chamber; an induction conduit for fluorine communieating therewith; a valve in said conduit adapted to permit inflow to said compression chamber and prevent outflow therefrom; an exit conduit communicating with said compression chamber; a
,valve in said exit conduit adapted to permit outflow from said compression chamber and prevent inflow thereto; a diaphragm constituting a wall of said compression chamber, capable of elastic displacement of a volumetric magnitude approximating the volume of said compression chamber; a closed chamber, of which said diaphragm constitutes one wall; a second diaphragm, likewise constituting a wall of said closed chamber, capable of elastic displacement of a volumetric magnitude at least equal to that of said first mentioned diaphragm; a second closed chamber, of which second diaphragm constitutes one wall; a third diaphragm, likewise constituting a wall of said second closed chamber, capable of elastic displacement of a volumetric magnitude at least equal to that of said before mentioned diaphragms; and mechanical means for causing reciprocal displacement of said third diaphragm; said first closed chamber being substantially completely filled with antimony pentafluoride and said second closed chamber being substantially completely filled with a liquid organic fluorination product of antimony pentafluoride.
5. An apparatus for compressing anhydrous gaseous fluorine, comprising a compression chamber; an induction conduit for fluorine communicating therewith; a valve in said conduit adapted to permit inflow to said compression chamber and prevent outflow therefrom; an exit conduit communicating with said compression chamber; a valve in said exit conduit adapted to permit outflow from said compression chamber and prevent inflow thereto; a diaphragm constituting a wall of said compression chamber, capable of elastic displacement of a volumetric magnitude approximating the volume of said compression chamber; a closed chamber, of which said diaphragm constitutes one Wall; a second diaphragm, likewise constituting a wall of said closed chamber, capable of elastic displacement of a volumetric magnitude at least equal to that of said first mentioned diaphragm; a second closed chamber, of which second diaphragm constitutes one wall; a third diaphragm, likewise constituting a wall of said second closed chamber, capable of elastic displacement of a volumetric magnitude at least equal to that ofsaid before mentioned diaphragms; and mechanical means for causing reciprocal displacement of said third diaphragm; said first closed chamber being substantially completely filled with antimony pental'iuoride and said second closed chamber being substantially completely filled with a liquid organic fluorination product of the group consisting of perfluorotoluene, perfiuoroxylene, perfluoromesitylene, polymerized tetrafiuoroethylene and polymerized trifiuoroethylene.
6. An apparatus for compressing anhydrous gaseous fluorine, comprising a compression chamber; an induction conduit for fluorine communicating therewith; a valve in said conduit adapted to permit inflow to said compression chamber and prevent outflow therefrom; an exit conduit communicating with said compression chamber; a valve in said exit conduit adapted to permit outflow from said compression chamber and prevent inflow thereto; a diaphragm constituting a Wall of said compression chamber, capable of elastic displacement of a volumetric magnitude approximating the volume of said compression chamber; a closed chamber, of which said diaphragm constitutes one wall; a second diaphragm, likewise constituting a wall of said closed chamber, capable of elastic displacement of a volumetric magnitude at least equal to that of said first mentioned diaphragm; a second closed chamber, of which said second diaphragm constitutes one wall; a third diaphragm likewise constituting a wall of said second closed chamber, capable of elastic displacement of a volu metric magnitude at least equal to that of said before mentioned diaphragms; and mechanical means for causing reciprocal displacement of said third diaphragm; said first closed chamber being substantially completely filled with antimony pentafluoride and said second closed chamber being substantially completely filled with perfluoroxylene.
7. An apparatus for compressing anhydrous gaseous fluorine, comprising a compression chamher; an induction conduit for fluorine communicating therewith; a valve in said conduit adapted to permit inflow to said compression chamber and prevent outflow therefrom; an exit conduit communicating with said compression chamber; a valve in said exit conduit adapted to permit outflow from said compression chamber and prevent inflow thereto; a diaphragm constituting a wall of said compression chamber, capable of elastic displacement of a volumetric magnitude approximating the volume of said compression chamber; a closed chamber, of which said diaphragm con stitutes one wall; a second diaphragm, likewise constituting a wall of said closed chamber, capable of elastic displacement of a volumetric magnitude at least equal to that of said first mentioned diaphragm; a second closed chamber, of which said second diaphragm constitutes one wall; a third diaphragm, likewise constituting a wall of said second closed chamber, capable of elastic displacement of a volumetric magnitude at least equal to that of said before mentioned diaphragms; a third closed chamber, of which said third diaphragm constitutes one wall; a reciprocally moveable piston constituting a clos ure for said third closed chamber, capable of displacement at least equal to that of said before mentioned diaphragms; and mechanical means for causing reciprocal displacement of said piston; said first closed chamber being substantially completely filled with antimony pentafluoride; said second closed chamber being substantially completely filled with perfluoroxylene, and said third closed chamber being substantially completely filled with mineral lubricating oil.
SIDNEY G. OSBORNE.
REFERENCES CITED UNITED STATES PATENTS Name Date Franklin 1 June 23, 1914 Number
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US647461A US2452526A (en) | 1946-02-14 | 1946-02-14 | Apparatus for compressing highly reactive gases |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US647461A US2452526A (en) | 1946-02-14 | 1946-02-14 | Apparatus for compressing highly reactive gases |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2452526A true US2452526A (en) | 1948-10-26 |
Family
ID=24597087
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US647461A Expired - Lifetime US2452526A (en) | 1946-02-14 | 1946-02-14 | Apparatus for compressing highly reactive gases |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2452526A (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2915016A (en) * | 1957-04-18 | 1959-12-01 | Weaver D L Wright | Volume compensating means for pulsating pumps |
| US3036526A (en) * | 1959-06-26 | 1962-05-29 | Eugene C Hise | Metal diaphragm pumps |
| US3080820A (en) * | 1958-12-19 | 1963-03-12 | Scott & Williams Inc | Pumping system |
| US3306042A (en) * | 1963-11-21 | 1967-02-28 | Cooper Bessemer Corp | Fluid transmission for drive and driven members |
| US4133616A (en) * | 1976-01-09 | 1979-01-09 | Thermo Electron Corporation | Stroke volume limiter for collapsible wall blood pump system |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1101266A (en) * | 1913-01-18 | 1914-06-23 | William S Franklin | Pump. |
-
1946
- 1946-02-14 US US647461A patent/US2452526A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1101266A (en) * | 1913-01-18 | 1914-06-23 | William S Franklin | Pump. |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2915016A (en) * | 1957-04-18 | 1959-12-01 | Weaver D L Wright | Volume compensating means for pulsating pumps |
| US3080820A (en) * | 1958-12-19 | 1963-03-12 | Scott & Williams Inc | Pumping system |
| US3036526A (en) * | 1959-06-26 | 1962-05-29 | Eugene C Hise | Metal diaphragm pumps |
| US3306042A (en) * | 1963-11-21 | 1967-02-28 | Cooper Bessemer Corp | Fluid transmission for drive and driven members |
| US4133616A (en) * | 1976-01-09 | 1979-01-09 | Thermo Electron Corporation | Stroke volume limiter for collapsible wall blood pump system |
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