US2448486A - Hardness tester - Google Patents

Hardness tester Download PDF

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US2448486A
US2448486A US570393A US57039344A US2448486A US 2448486 A US2448486 A US 2448486A US 570393 A US570393 A US 570393A US 57039344 A US57039344 A US 57039344A US 2448486 A US2448486 A US 2448486A
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penetrator
spring
plunger
lever
base
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Milton A Chester
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/40Investigating hardness or rebound hardness
    • G01N3/42Investigating hardness or rebound hardness by performing impressions under a steady load by indentors, e.g. sphere, pyramid

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  • Special objects, of the invention are to provide an instrument of the character indicated, of small size, adapted to be vcarried in the hand or in the pocket, readily applicable to the pieces or material to be tested and accurate and reliable in its operation.
  • Fig. 1 in the drawing is a plan view of an embodiment oi the invention
  • Fig. 2 is a side elevation and broken sectional view with parts shown in the position of first clamping the piece and before setting the penetrator point in contact with the material,
  • Fig. 3 is a broken sectional detail similar to Fig. 2 but with ⁇ the follow-up spindle shown turned inward to 4advance the penetrator into engagement with the piece;
  • Fig. 4 is a similar view showing the hand lever opened out and the spring load applied to the penetrator
  • Fig. 5 is a vertical sectional view as on substantially the plane ci line 5-5 of Fig. 2;
  • Fig. 6 is a fragmentary sectional view ⁇ of a structural detail.
  • the body of the device is shown in the form of a yoke l in the nature of a C clamp having the spaced sides or arms 8. 9, connected in such spaced relation by the back portion I Il.
  • a screw shaft II is shown operating through one arm, 8, having a handle I2 at the outer end and an anvil or clamp element I3 at the inner end, the latter ln opposition to a nat or other desirably shaped fixed clamping face I4.
  • a penetrator is shown in the form of a plunger I5 operable in a bore I6 and having a penetrating point I1 projectable through an opening I8 in the material engaging and clamping face I I.
  • the plunger is shown as having a reduced front end portion I9 guided in the opening I8.
  • a spring 2 28 about this reduced front end portion serves to retract and to normally hold the plunger retracted in the position indicated in Fig. 2.
  • the opposite end portion of the penetrator plunger is shown reduced at 2I. providing an annular shoulder 22 engageable by the forked inner end 23 of a lever 24 iulcrumed at 25 and engaged at its outer end at 26 by a spring 21,
  • the spring 21 may be relatively short and compact and small enough to be completely housed within achamber 28 provided in the back or connecting portion of the yoke, to one side of and substantially parallel with the axis of pressure applied by the tool.
  • the spring load is applied to or removed from the penetrator in the illustration by a hand lever 28 fulcrumed on the body of the tool at 38. substantially in line with the axis of the spring and carrying a cam in the form of an eccentric 3
  • the hand lever is shown as hollowed at4 32 to flt closely about the back of the yoke, over the spring housing therein, and the closing movement of the lever is indicated as suiiicient to carry the eccentric to or beyond dead center position so as to eilect holding of the handle in the unloaded position illustrated in Fig. 2.
  • An initial setting of the penetrator in respect to the material is effected. in the illustration, by means of a follow-up spindle 33 rotatably supported in a bearing 34 in the yoke in line with the penetrator plunger and having a rounded bearing point 35 on its inner end for engagement with the end of the spindle.
  • the spindle 33 has a screw engagement in the yoke by which it can be turned into engagement with the penetrator plunger and operated to adjust and set the penetrator into exact contact with the piece under test.
  • the screw adjustment referred to is provided in the illustration by construction of the spindle with a screw threaded inner end portion 38 engaging in a corresponding screw threaded bore in a worm gear 31.
  • the latter is shown rotatably seated and centered against endwise movement between a thrust washer 38 and the inner rotary element of a bali bearing 39.
  • Fig. 3 shows how, after the piece under test is clamped in the instrument, the spindle may be screwed through the worm gear to engage the inner end of the plunger and force the latter outtimes.
  • the spindle is shown as having a fixed finger hold 40 on the outer end portion of the same, with a slip thimble 4
  • the handle 29 may be opened out as shown v in Fig. 4 to relieve the lever 24 of control by the cam and permit application of the full spring force to the penetrator point.
  • This further or follow-up movement of the spindle is accomplished in the example shown, by worm 43 in engagement with the worm gear 31 and carried by a vertically extending spindle 44 having a handle or knob 45 carrying a pointer 4B registering with micrometer markings 41 on a dial 48.
  • a yieldingly held slip thimble 49 is shown rotatably engaged on the worm spindle 44 similar to that provided at 4
  • the cam or eccentric may have a slightly flattened area 3
  • This hand lever permits the load from the spring to be gradually applied and enables an exact control of the operation at all
  • the cam may be shaped to automatically provide any desired action.
  • the retracting spring 20 holds the penetrator point housed and protected when not in use.
  • the invention provides a compact, pocket size tester, accurate for quantitative determination of hardness, and the worm operated micrometer screw provides easily read ne measurements.
  • the spring provides a constant load and the hand lever and cam aiford a conveniently operable means for applying and disconnecting that load.
  • the markings on the micrometer scale may be in terms of hardness or other values.
  • the anvil or clamping element I3 instead of being fiat as indicated, may be notched, grooved or otherwise shaped to hold circular or other shaped pieces.
  • the outer end of the guide passage for the penetrator may be provided by a cover 50, Fig. 6, removably engaged in a screw seat 5
  • This cover carries the guide opening for the point of the penetratorl serves as the abutment for the retracting spring 28 and has the outer face of the same finished to form the material engaging reference surface
  • This exposed face may be curved, groovecl, or otherwise shaped, the ready removability of the cover enabling quick substitution of covers with such different face shapes.
  • a hardness tester comprising a base having a reference face engageable with the piece to be tested, a penetrator on said base and movable thereon from a non-protruding to a protruding position, means for adjustably advancing said penetrator with respect to -said reference face from a non-protruding position into engagement with the piece, spring means for forcing the penetrator from said adjustably advanced position into the piece, and means for measuring the movement of said penetrator from said adjustably advanced position and for indicating the value of the penetration so effected.
  • a hardness tester comprising a base having a. reference face engageable with the piece to be tested, a penetrator movably mounted on said base, spring means for normally holding said penetrator in retracted position in respect to said reference face, means for adjustably advancing the penetrator into engagement with the piece, spring means on the base for forcing the penetrator from said adjustably advanced position into the piece, and means on the base for indicating the value of penetration so effected.
  • a hardness tester comprising a yoke having sides spaced to embrace the piece to be tested. a clamp member adjustable in one side of the yoke to clamp the piece against the other side of the yoke, a penetrator adjustable in said other side of the yoke toward and away from said clamp member, a spring for holding said penetrator in normally retracted position, means for setting said penetrator into contact with the piece under test, spring means on the yoke for forcing the penetrator into the piece, means for indicating value of the penetration so effected, and a hand lever arranged to effect the application and the release of the power of said spring means in respect to said penetrator.
  • a hardness tester comprising a base, a penetrator plunger operable on said base, a spring acting to hold said plunger in retracted position, a screw spindle at the back of'said plunger and adjustable to advance the same into engagement with a piece to be tested, spring means for forcefully advancing the penetrator plunger, and indieating means adjustable to advance said spindle into engagement with the plunger in its advanced position.
  • a hardness tester comprising a base, a penetrator plunger operable on said base, a spindle ,rotatably mounted on the base at the back of 6.
  • a hardness tester comprising a base, a penetrator plunger operable in said base, a worm g'ear rotatably mounted in the base at the back of said plunger, a spindle having a screw engagement in said worm gear and adapted by rotation therein to be advanced into engagement with said penetrator spindle, an indicator worm in engagement with said worm gear, and spring means on the base for applying a penetrating force to said penetrator plunger.
  • a hardness tester comprising a base, a penetrator plunger operating in said base, a lever fulcrumed on said base and engageable with said plunger at one end, a spring operable on the other end of said lever, a hand lever fulcrumed on the base and having a cam portion engaged tioned lever, and means on said base for indieating values related to the extent of penetration accomplished by said penetrator plunger.
  • a hardness tester comprising a yoke having spaced arms connected by a back portion, said back portion having a spring cavity therein, an expansion spring housed in said cavity, a 'penetrator plunger operating in one of the arms of said yoke, a lever fulcrumed on said arm and extendingfrom said spring to said plunger, a hand lever fulcrumed in said arm and having an eccentric operating on the end of the lever engaged with the spring, and penetration indicating means associated with said penetrator plunger.
  • a hardness tester comprising a yoke having spaced arms connected by a back portion, said back portion having a spring cavity therein, an expansion spring housed in said cavity.
  • a Penetrator plunger operating in one of the arms of said yoke, a lever fulcrumed on said arm and extending from said spring to said plunger, a hand lever fulcrumed in said arm and having an eccentric operating on the end of the lever engaged with the spring, and penetration indicating means associated with said penetrator plunger, said lever having a one-way driving engagement with the penetrator plunger for projecting the same and spring means for eiecting retraction of said plunger.
  • a hardness tester comprising a yoke having spaced arms connected by a back portion, said back portion having a spring cavity ⁇ therein, an expansion spring housed in said cavity, a penetrator plunger operating in one of the arms of said yoke.
  • a hardness tester comprising a, base. a penetrator plunger operable in said base and normally supported in a non-projecting position,
  • a hardness tester comprising a C clamp having a movable anvil in one side and a penetrator in the opposite side, a spring housed within the body of said C clamp, a lever operable within the body of the clamp and extending from said spring to said penetrator, and a handle pivoted on the body of said c ⁇ clamp and having a cam portion engageable with said lever for controlling spring loading and unloading of said penetrator.
  • a hand portable hardness tester comprising a lever for projecting said penetrator, a spring housed within the body of the c clamp at one side of the jaw portion of the same and engaging said lever. a hand lever fuicrumed on the body portion of the clamp over the spring housed therein and having an eccentric portion engageable with the spring actuated lever for controlling spring loading and unloading of the ,penetrator, and indicating means associated with the penetrator.
  • a hand portable hardness tester comprising a small pocket size c clamp having opposed jaws relatively adjustable for clamping a. piece to be tested, a normally non-projecting penetrator operating through the face of one of the jaws, a lever for projecting said penetrator. a spring housed within the body of the c clamp at one side of the jaw portion of the same' and engaging said lever, a hand lever fulcrumed on the body portion of the clamp over the spring housed therein and having an eccentric portion engageable with the spring actuated lever for controlling spring loading and unloading of the penetrator, and indicating.
  • a hardness tester comprising a C clamp having a reference face at one side and a screw clamp operable in the other side for clamping a piece to be tested, said C clamp having a cavity in the back portion of the same, a spring housed in said cavity, a penetrator operable in the clamp from a non-protruding to a protruding position in respect to said reference face, leverage means extending from said spring to said penetrator and hand operable means on said C clamp for storing ing a small pocket size c clamp having opposed v and releasing the energy of said spring.
  • a hardness tester comprising a C clamp having a reference face at one side and a screw clamp operable in the other side for clamping a piece to be tested, said C clamp having a cavity in the back portion of the same, a spring housed in said cavity, a penetrator operable in the clamp from a non-protruding to a protruding position in respect to said reference face, leverage means extending from said spring to said penetrator, hand operable means on said c clamp for storing and releasing the energy of said spring and hand adjustable means on said c clamp for eii'ecting projecting movements of said penetrator independently of said spring actuated connections.
  • a hardness tester comprising a base, a penetrator plunger operating in said base, a lever fulcrumed on said base and cooperable with said plunger to thrust it in the penetrating direction, a spring mounted in said base and acting on said lever to apply the penetrating force thereto, a hand lever fulcrumed on the base and having a cam portion operative in the movement of said lever to load said penetrator plunger with and to unload it from the force of said spring and means hand lever fulcrumed on the base and having a cam portion operative in the movement of said lever to load said penetrator plunger with and to unload it from the force of said spring and means on said base for eiectlng a preliminary engagement of said penetrator plunger with a piece to be tested independently of the spring loading and including follow-up indicating mechanism operative after the loading movement to indicate plunger movement accomplished thereby.
  • a hardness tester comprising a base, a penctrator plunger operating in said base, a lever iulcrumed on the base and operable on said plunger to effect advancement of the same in the penetrating direction, a spring operable on said lever to effect movement of the same in the plunger penetrating direction, a cam mounted on the base for applying and removing the electlve force of said spring in respect to said penetrator plunger, a hand lever for actuating said cam to eiect the reverse functions of the same, a spindle in back of the plunger longitudinally adjustable for advancing the plunger into engagement with a piece to be tested and follow-up mechanism for effecting engagement of said spindle with the plunger after the penetrating impulse applied by the spring and including means for indicating the extent or value of such penetrating movement.
  • a hardness tester comprising a base, a penetrator plunger operating in said base, a lever fulcrumed on tho base and operable on said plunger to eil'ect advancement of the same in the penetrating direction, a spring operable on said lever to effect movement of the same in the plunger penetrating direction, a cam mounted on the base for applying and removing'the eil'ectlve force of said spring in respect to said penetrator plunger, a hand lever for actuating said cam to effect the reverse functions of the same, said cam having a holding portion operable under the force of .the spring to yieldingly retain the cam and hand lever in position with the spring force free of the plunger and means on the base for indieating values related to the extent of penetration accomplished by said penetrator plunger under the force of said spring.

Description

Aug- 3.1, 1948- M. A. CHESTER 2,448,486
HARbNEss' TESTER Filed Dec. 29, 1944 BY y 27 W3/'a Wl Patented Aug.. 3l, 1948 vUNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE y HARDNESS TESTER Milton A. Chester, Wichita, Kans.
Application December 29, 1944, Serial No. 570,393
20 Claims. (Cl. Z3-81) The invention herein disclosed relates to instruments for testing and determining the hardness and strength of various materials.
Special objects, of the invention are to provide an instrument of the character indicated, of small size, adapted to be vcarried in the hand or in the pocket, readily applicable to the pieces or material to be tested and accurate and reliable in its operation.
Additional objects are Vto provide the instrument in a simple, inexpensive form, quickly and easily understood and used.
Other desirable objects and the novel features of invention by which the above and other purposes are attained, are set forth orwill appear in the course of the following specication.
The drawing accompanying and forming part of the speciiication illustrates a present commercial embodiment of the invention. Structure, however, may be modiiied and changed as regards the present illustration, all within the true intent and broad scope of the invention as hereinafter dened and claimed.
Fig. 1 in the drawing is a plan view of an embodiment oi the invention;
Fig. 2 is a side elevation and broken sectional view with parts shown in the position of first clamping the piece and before setting the penetrator point in contact with the material,
Fig. 3 is a broken sectional detail similar to Fig. 2 but with` the follow-up spindle shown turned inward to 4advance the penetrator into engagement with the piece;
Fig. 4 is a similar view showingthe hand lever opened out and the spring load applied to the penetrator;
Fig. 5 is a vertical sectional view as on substantially the plane ci line 5-5 of Fig. 2; and
Fig. 6 is a fragmentary sectional view` of a structural detail.
The body of the device is shown in the form of a yoke l in the nature of a C clamp having the spaced sides or arms 8. 9, connected in such spaced relation by the back portion I Il.
A screw shaft II is shown operating through one arm, 8, having a handle I2 at the outer end and an anvil or clamp element I3 at the inner end, the latter ln opposition to a nat or other desirably shaped fixed clamping face I4.
A penetrator is shown in the form of a plunger I5 operable in a bore I6 and having a penetrating point I1 projectable through an opening I8 in the material engaging and clamping face I I. The plunger is shown as having a reduced front end portion I9 guided in the opening I8. A spring 2 28 about this reduced front end portion serves to retract and to normally hold the plunger retracted in the position indicated in Fig. 2.
The opposite end portion of the penetrator plunger is shown reduced at 2I. providing an annular shoulder 22 engageable by the forked inner end 23 of a lever 24 iulcrumed at 25 and engaged at its outer end at 26 by a spring 21,
With the leverage provided as indicated, the spring 21 may be relatively short and compact and small enough to be completely housed within achamber 28 provided in the back or connecting portion of the yoke, to one side of and substantially parallel with the axis of pressure applied by the tool.
The spring load is applied to or removed from the penetrator in the illustration by a hand lever 28 fulcrumed on the body of the tool at 38. substantially in line with the axis of the spring and carrying a cam in the form of an eccentric 3| bearing on the long arm of the lever substantially in line with the pOint of engagement of the lever with the spring.
The hand lever is shown as hollowed at4 32 to flt closely about the back of the yoke, over the spring housing therein, and the closing movement of the lever is indicated as suiiicient to carry the eccentric to or beyond dead center position so as to eilect holding of the handle in the unloaded position illustrated in Fig. 2.
An initial setting of the penetrator in respect to the material is effected. in the illustration, by means of a follow-up spindle 33 rotatably supported in a bearing 34 in the yoke in line with the penetrator plunger and having a rounded bearing point 35 on its inner end for engagement with the end of the spindle.
In the present illustrated embodiment oi the invention, the spindle 33 has a screw engagement in the yoke by which it can be turned into engagement with the penetrator plunger and operated to adjust and set the penetrator into exact contact with the piece under test.
The screw adjustment referred to is provided in the illustration by construction of the spindle with a screw threaded inner end portion 38 engaging in a corresponding screw threaded bore in a worm gear 31. The latter is shown rotatably seated and centered against endwise movement between a thrust washer 38 and the inner rotary element of a bali bearing 39.
Fig. 3 shows how, after the piece under test is clamped in the instrument, the spindle may be screwed through the worm gear to engage the inner end of the plunger and force the latter outtimes.
ward sulllciently to carry the penetrator point into positive engagement with the piece.
The spindle is shown as having a fixed finger hold 40 on the outer end portion of the same, with a slip thimble 4| rotatably engaged partly thereovcr and frictlonally controlled by an en- :losed helical spring 42 caught to the spindle at its inner end.
After the preliminary or initial engagement of the penetrator with the piece is eiected, as in Fig. 3, the handle 29 may be opened out as shown v in Fig. 4 to relieve the lever 24 of control by the cam and permit application of the full spring force to the penetrator point.
In such advancement the penetrator plunger will leave the end of the follower spindle and the extent of such separation is utilized in the illustration as a. measure oi' the penetration.
This further or follow-up movement of the spindle is accomplished in the example shown, by worm 43 in engagement with the worm gear 31 and carried by a vertically extending spindle 44 having a handle or knob 45 carrying a pointer 4B registering with micrometer markings 41 on a dial 48. A yieldingly held slip thimble 49 is shown rotatably engaged on the worm spindle 44 similar to that provided at 4| on the outer end of the follow-up spindle.
In addition to or in place of the off-center disposition, the cam or eccentric may have a slightly flattened area 3|a for releasably retaining the handle in the folded position shown in Figs. 2 and 3. This hand lever permits the load from the spring to be gradually applied and enables an exact control of the operation at all Instead of a plain eccentric as shown, the cam may be shaped to automatically provide any desired action.
The retracting spring 20 holds the penetrator point housed and protected when not in use.
The invention provides a compact, pocket size tester, accurate for quantitative determination of hardness, and the worm operated micrometer screw provides easily read ne measurements.
The spring provides a constant load and the hand lever and cam aiford a conveniently operable means for applying and disconnecting that load.
The markings on the micrometer scale may be in terms of hardness or other values. The anvil or clamping element I3, instead of being fiat as indicated, may be notched, grooved or otherwise shaped to hold circular or other shaped pieces.
To enable ready assembly, removal and replacement of the penetrator and the substitution of diiferent types or forms of penetrators for diiferent kinds of materials, relative hardness, etc., the outer end of the guide passage for the penetrator may be provided by a cover 50, Fig. 6, removably engaged in a screw seat 5| and provided with recesses 52, or the like for engagement by a spanner or other tool. This cover carries the guide opening for the point of the penetratorl serves as the abutment for the retracting spring 28 and has the outer face of the same finished to form the material engaging reference surface |4. This exposed face may be curved, groovecl, or otherwise shaped, the ready removability of the cover enabling quick substitution of covers with such different face shapes.
What is claimed is:
1. A hardness tester comprising a base having a reference face engageable with the piece to be tested, a penetrator on said base and movable thereon from a non-protruding to a protruding position, means for adjustably advancing said penetrator with respect to -said reference face from a non-protruding position into engagement with the piece, spring means for forcing the penetrator from said adjustably advanced position into the piece, and means for measuring the movement of said penetrator from said adjustably advanced position and for indicating the value of the penetration so effected.
2. A hardness tester comprising a base having a. reference face engageable with the piece to be tested, a penetrator movably mounted on said base, spring means for normally holding said penetrator in retracted position in respect to said reference face, means for adjustably advancing the penetrator into engagement with the piece, spring means on the base for forcing the penetrator from said adjustably advanced position into the piece, and means on the base for indicating the value of penetration so effected.
3. A hardness tester comprising a yoke having sides spaced to embrace the piece to be tested. a clamp member adjustable in one side of the yoke to clamp the piece against the other side of the yoke, a penetrator adjustable in said other side of the yoke toward and away from said clamp member, a spring for holding said penetrator in normally retracted position, means for setting said penetrator into contact with the piece under test, spring means on the yoke for forcing the penetrator into the piece, means for indicating value of the penetration so effected, and a hand lever arranged to effect the application and the release of the power of said spring means in respect to said penetrator.
4. A hardness tester comprising a base, a penetrator plunger operable on said base, a spring acting to hold said plunger in retracted position, a screw spindle at the back of'said plunger and adjustable to advance the same into engagement with a piece to be tested, spring means for forcefully advancing the penetrator plunger, and indieating means adjustable to advance said spindle into engagement with the plunger in its advanced position.
5. A hardness tester comprising a base, a penetrator plunger operable on said base, a spindle ,rotatably mounted on the base at the back of 6. A hardness tester comprising a base, a penetrator plunger operable in said base, a worm g'ear rotatably mounted in the base at the back of said plunger, a spindle having a screw engagement in said worm gear and adapted by rotation therein to be advanced into engagement with said penetrator spindle, an indicator worm in engagement with said worm gear, and spring means on the base for applying a penetrating force to said penetrator plunger.
'7. A hardness tester comprising a base, a penetrator plunger operating in said base, a lever fulcrumed on said base and engageable with said plunger at one end, a spring operable on the other end of said lever, a hand lever fulcrumed on the base and having a cam portion engaged tioned lever, and means on said base for indieating values related to the extent of penetration accomplished by said penetrator plunger.
8. A hardness tester comprising a yoke having spaced arms connected by a back portion, said back portion having a spring cavity therein, an expansion spring housed in said cavity, a 'penetrator plunger operating in one of the arms of said yoke, a lever fulcrumed on said arm and extendingfrom said spring to said plunger, a hand lever fulcrumed in said arm and having an eccentric operating on the end of the lever engaged with the spring, and penetration indicating means associated with said penetrator plunger.
9. A hardness tester comprising a yoke having spaced arms connected by a back portion, said back portion having a spring cavity therein, an expansion spring housed in said cavity. a Penetrator plunger operating in one of the arms of said yoke, a lever fulcrumed on said arm and extending from said spring to said plunger, a hand lever fulcrumed in said arm and having an eccentric operating on the end of the lever engaged with the spring, and penetration indicating means associated with said penetrator plunger, said lever having a one-way driving engagement with the penetrator plunger for projecting the same and spring means for eiecting retraction of said plunger.
10. A hardness tester comprising a yoke having spaced arms connected by a back portion, said back portion having a spring cavity` therein, an expansion spring housed in said cavity, a penetrator plunger operating in one of the arms of said yoke. a lever fulcrumed'on said arm and extending from said spring to said plunger, a hand lever fulcrumed in said arm and having an eccentric operating on the end of the lever engaged with the spring, and penetration indicating means associated with said penetrator plunger, a follow-up spindle in back of said plunger for advancing said plunger into engagement with a piece to be tested, and said indicating means including mechanism for advancing said spindle into engagement with the penetrator plunger in its position of advancement by the spring means aforesaid.
11. A hardness tester comprising a, base. a penetrator plunger operable in said base and normally supported in a non-projecting position,
Y a lever fulcrumed on the base and engaging said Iplunger at one end to shift the same in proin engagement with said spring lever to effect spring loading and unloading of the penertator plunger, and means for indicating results of penertation effected by said penetrator plunger 12. A hardness tester comprising a C clamp having a movable anvil in one side and a penetrator in the opposite side, a spring housed within the body of said C clamp, a lever operable within the body of the clamp and extending from said spring to said penetrator, and a handle pivoted on the body of said c` clamp and having a cam portion engageable with said lever for controlling spring loading and unloading of said penetrator.
13. A hand portable hardness tester comprisa lever for projecting said penetrator, a spring housed within the body of the c clamp at one side of the jaw portion of the same and engaging said lever. a hand lever fuicrumed on the body portion of the clamp over the spring housed therein and having an eccentric portion engageable with the spring actuated lever for controlling spring loading and unloading of the ,penetrator, and indicating means associated with the penetrator.
14. A hand portable hardness tester comprising a small pocket size c clamp having opposed jaws relatively adjustable for clamping a. piece to be tested, a normally non-projecting penetrator operating through the face of one of the jaws, a lever for projecting said penetrator. a spring housed within the body of the c clamp at one side of the jaw portion of the same' and engaging said lever, a hand lever fulcrumed on the body portion of the clamp over the spring housed therein and having an eccentric portion engageable with the spring actuated lever for controlling spring loading and unloading of the penetrator, and indicating. means associated with the penetrator and including a follow-up spindle for eiecting initial engagement of the penetrator with the piece to be tested, and mechanism sensible to the extent of adjustment necessary to carry the follow-up spindle from the initial setting of the penetrator to the nal position of the same.
15. A hardness tester comprising a C clamp having a reference face at one side and a screw clamp operable in the other side for clamping a piece to be tested, said C clamp having a cavity in the back portion of the same, a spring housed in said cavity, a penetrator operable in the clamp from a non-protruding to a protruding position in respect to said reference face, leverage means extending from said spring to said penetrator and hand operable means on said C clamp for storing ing a small pocket size c clamp having opposed v and releasing the energy of said spring.
16.A hardness tester comprising a C clamp having a reference face at one side and a screw clamp operable in the other side for clamping a piece to be tested, said C clamp having a cavity in the back portion of the same, a spring housed in said cavity, a penetrator operable in the clamp from a non-protruding to a protruding position in respect to said reference face, leverage means extending from said spring to said penetrator, hand operable means on said c clamp for storing and releasing the energy of said spring and hand adjustable means on said c clamp for eii'ecting projecting movements of said penetrator independently of said spring actuated connections.
`1'1. A hardness tester comprising a base, a penetrator plunger operating in said base, a lever fulcrumed on said base and cooperable with said plunger to thrust it in the penetrating direction, a spring mounted in said base and acting on said lever to apply the penetrating force thereto, a hand lever fulcrumed on the base and having a cam portion operative in the movement of said lever to load said penetrator plunger with and to unload it from the force of said spring and means hand lever fulcrumed on the base and having a cam portion operative in the movement of said lever to load said penetrator plunger with and to unload it from the force of said spring and means on said base for eiectlng a preliminary engagement of said penetrator plunger with a piece to be tested independently of the spring loading and including follow-up indicating mechanism operative after the loading movement to indicate plunger movement accomplished thereby.
19. A hardness tester comprising a base, a penctrator plunger operating in said base, a lever iulcrumed on the base and operable on said plunger to effect advancement of the same in the penetrating direction, a spring operable on said lever to effect movement of the same in the plunger penetrating direction, a cam mounted on the base for applying and removing the electlve force of said spring in respect to said penetrator plunger, a hand lever for actuating said cam to eiect the reverse functions of the same, a spindle in back of the plunger longitudinally adjustable for advancing the plunger into engagement with a piece to be tested and follow-up mechanism for effecting engagement of said spindle with the plunger after the penetrating impulse applied by the spring and including means for indicating the extent or value of such penetrating movement.
20. A hardness tester comprising a base, a penetrator plunger operating in said base, a lever fulcrumed on tho base and operable on said plunger to eil'ect advancement of the same in the penetrating direction, a spring operable on said lever to effect movement of the same in the plunger penetrating direction, a cam mounted on the base for applying and removing'the eil'ectlve force of said spring in respect to said penetrator plunger, a hand lever for actuating said cam to effect the reverse functions of the same, said cam having a holding portion operable under the force of .the spring to yieldingly retain the cam and hand lever in position with the spring force free of the plunger and means on the base for indieating values related to the extent of penetration accomplished by said penetrator plunger under the force of said spring.
MILTON A. CHESTER.
REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the ille of this patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS
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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2643544A (en) * 1951-03-23 1953-06-30 Dev Res Corp Hardness tester
US2674124A (en) * 1951-06-06 1954-04-06 Harry B Barrett Brake lining testing machine
US2674875A (en) * 1950-02-09 1954-04-13 John P Newman Hardness tester
US2865198A (en) * 1953-07-09 1958-12-23 Tschirf Ludwig Hardness testing apparatus
US2956432A (en) * 1956-07-30 1960-10-18 Florence B Henrikson Material hardness detector
US3128621A (en) * 1960-09-19 1964-04-14 Robert C Scott Horizontal hardness tester
US4361034A (en) * 1981-02-13 1982-11-30 King Tester Corporation Portable hardness tester
US8590367B2 (en) 2011-08-31 2013-11-26 King Tester Corporation Portable Brinell hardness tester
USD729613S1 (en) 2012-08-28 2015-05-19 King Tester Corporation Stroke limiter bracket
US9568406B2 (en) 2011-08-31 2017-02-14 King Tester Corporation Portable brinell hardness tester with stented through bore pumping chamber

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US1091128A (en) * 1912-07-18 1914-03-24 Rene Guillery Machine for measuring directly the hardness of metals.
US1384389A (en) * 1919-09-27 1921-07-12 Johnson Lawrence Apparatus for testing the hardness of materials
US1393989A (en) * 1921-03-15 1921-10-18 John J Davies Jr Indent hardness-gage
US1604141A (en) * 1924-04-23 1926-10-26 Amsler Alfred Testing machine
US1708262A (en) * 1927-02-25 1929-04-09 Executor Lou Bradshaw Hardness-testing device
US1722263A (en) * 1924-09-10 1929-07-30 Robert K Barry Hardness-testing machine
US1768639A (en) * 1924-10-09 1930-07-01 Shore Instr & Mfg Co Gauge
US1973333A (en) * 1932-03-30 1934-09-11 Craemer Paul Hardness tester

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1091128A (en) * 1912-07-18 1914-03-24 Rene Guillery Machine for measuring directly the hardness of metals.
US1384389A (en) * 1919-09-27 1921-07-12 Johnson Lawrence Apparatus for testing the hardness of materials
US1393989A (en) * 1921-03-15 1921-10-18 John J Davies Jr Indent hardness-gage
US1604141A (en) * 1924-04-23 1926-10-26 Amsler Alfred Testing machine
US1722263A (en) * 1924-09-10 1929-07-30 Robert K Barry Hardness-testing machine
US1768639A (en) * 1924-10-09 1930-07-01 Shore Instr & Mfg Co Gauge
US1708262A (en) * 1927-02-25 1929-04-09 Executor Lou Bradshaw Hardness-testing device
US1973333A (en) * 1932-03-30 1934-09-11 Craemer Paul Hardness tester

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2674875A (en) * 1950-02-09 1954-04-13 John P Newman Hardness tester
US2643544A (en) * 1951-03-23 1953-06-30 Dev Res Corp Hardness tester
US2674124A (en) * 1951-06-06 1954-04-06 Harry B Barrett Brake lining testing machine
US2865198A (en) * 1953-07-09 1958-12-23 Tschirf Ludwig Hardness testing apparatus
US2956432A (en) * 1956-07-30 1960-10-18 Florence B Henrikson Material hardness detector
US3128621A (en) * 1960-09-19 1964-04-14 Robert C Scott Horizontal hardness tester
US4361034A (en) * 1981-02-13 1982-11-30 King Tester Corporation Portable hardness tester
US8590367B2 (en) 2011-08-31 2013-11-26 King Tester Corporation Portable Brinell hardness tester
US9568406B2 (en) 2011-08-31 2017-02-14 King Tester Corporation Portable brinell hardness tester with stented through bore pumping chamber
USD729613S1 (en) 2012-08-28 2015-05-19 King Tester Corporation Stroke limiter bracket

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