US244220A - foebes - Google Patents

Description

(No ModeL) 4 Sheets-Sheet; 1., 1

A. PORBES.' MACHINE FOR TREATING PAPER PULP. No. 244,220. Patented'July 12,1881.

FIG.2.

N4 PETERS, Photvlilhographar. Washington. 0.0

(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 2.

. A. FORBES. MAOHINE FOR TREATING PAPER PULP. No. 244,220. Patented July 12,1881.

N4 PETERS. PhnYvUthagmyhen Washinginn. D. c.

(No Model.) I 4 Sheets-SheetB.

A. FORBES.

MACHINE FOR TREATING PAPER PULP. 7

No. 244,220. Patented July 12,1881.

FIG.7.

(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 4. A. FORBES. MACHINE FOR TREATING PAPER PULP.

No. 244,220. 7 Patented July 12,1881

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFIcE.

ALEXANDER FORBES, OF DALKEITH, COUNTY OF MID-LOTHIAN, SCOTLAND.

MACHINE FOR TREATING PAPER-PULP.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 244,220, dated July 12, 1881. Application filed May 23, 18B]. (No model.) Patented in EnglandFebruary 17, 1880.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ALEXANDER FORBES, a subject of the Queen of Great Britain and Ireland, and residing at Dalkeith, county of Mid- Lothian, Scotland, have invented certain Improvements in Washing, Breaking, and Beating Engines or Machines for Treating Paper- Pulp, (for which I have obtained a patent in Great Britain, No. 692, dated February 17, 1880,) of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to a new or improved construction of washing, breaking, and beating engine or machine used in the manufacture of paper-pulp for washing or extracting lyes or other impurities and cutting, beating, or reducing the boiled or semi-prepared fibrous material to the requisite consistency of pulp for making paper; and it is specially designed to produce a continuous circulation and complete assimilation or mixing of the pulp material under treatment.

The improved machine is illustrated by the accompanying four sheets of drawings, of which Figure l on Sheet 1 is a longitudinal vertical section, and Fig. 2 is a plan. Fig. 3 on Sheet 2 is a side elevation, and Fig. 4 is a transverse vertical section at the line 1 l in Fig. 3. Figs. 5 and 6 on Sheet 2 are detailed vertical and horizontal sections, showing the mechanism for adjusting the position of the cutting-rolls D; and Figs. 7 and 8 on Sheet 3 are an elevation and plan of the mechanism for lifting the washers 0 out of action. Fig. 9 on Sheet 3 and Fig. 10 on Sheet 4 are plan views, showing slightly-modified arrangements of the improved machine.

The improved machine consists of an elongated cast metal or wooden tub or vat, having the usual fittings for supplying pure water and drawing off the pulp, and of any suitable depth and size, in which the boiled or semi-prepared pulp material is placed. This vat A is fitted with two longitudinal partitions, A, (which may be either solid or hollow, as represented in Figs. 2 and 9, respectively,) of about the full height of the vat, and carried to within a suitable distance of each end, so as to divide the vat A into three separate sections or channels, a a a, instead of, as hitherto, being divided into two sections by a central partition only. The central or mid channel, a, thus formed by the partitions, which is preferably wider than either of the others, a a, has an improved lifting, circulating, and mixing paddle or wheel, B, fitted near one end in it, to revolve on a transverse axis or spindle, I), carried in j ournalbearings b on each side of the vat-framing A, and driven by a spur-wheel, b, on it in gear with and actuated by a spur-pinion, b, on a transverse shaft, W. This shaft 1) is carried in bearing-brackets beneath the vat A, and hasa pulley, 12 on its other end, to be driven by a belt from a motive-power shaft. This mixing-paddle B is made in the form of a cylinder, with four, six, or more longitudinal conoidal or tapered segments, B, cut out of the periphery, and the ridges or paddles B left are thus made or set in planes inclined successively at reverse angles to one side and the other of the axis of revolution. A flange, B, is formed or fitted at the narrow end of each segmental space B, so that the paddle B, during its revolution, lifts the pulp material in the segmental spaces 13 from the central channel, a, at both sides up a curved incline at A", and delivers it, as shown by the arrows, alternately toward each of the sides a a, in front of the paddle B, on an inverted V or double inclined dividing board or bridge, a, at the end of the vat A, leading toward the opposite side channels, a-that is, the pulp from the left-hand side of the mid-channel a is delivered into the opposite or right-hand side channel, a, and vice versa. The material lifted is led or flows down and round the ends of the partitions A to the two sides or outer channels, a a, an equal portion into each, then continuing to flow along the channels a a in the same direction through below the washing-paddles G and cutting or breaking rolls D,which are placed in them, to the other end of the vat A, where the two streams or currents of pulp meet at a, are partially intermixed or assimilated by collision at this end, and thence flow back or return through the central channel, (1, toward the lifting and mixing paddle B at the opposite end, Where the same operation is repeated continuously. The pulp material presented to the action of the washing paddles and cutting rolls or drums is thus continuously mixed and changed across from side to side of the channels, in-

stead of, as in the old forms of pulp-beating engines or machines, traveling round the central partition in one channel always in the same parallel lines or orbits, with the result that the inner or central portions were unduly broken or ground and the outer portions insufficiently acted on. The ends of the vat or engine A are curved at all the corners A and in toward the center at A to deflect and mix the current at one end and separate or divide the pulp of the central channel into two portions at the other end, and thus cause more complete intermixing of the material.

The rolls or drums D,in which the knives d are fixed for cutting, breaking, or beating the raw or crude fibrous material, are fitted,when two rolls are used, one in each side channel, a, of the vat A, near the end removed from the lifting-paddle B, on separate spindles D, (but these rolls might be on one revolving shaft,) carried in jonrnal-bearin g blocks D supported on brackets A formed on the outer sides of the vat A, and actuated in the usual manner by belts and pulleys D or other motive or transmittinggear, both shafts being made to revolve in the same direction. The pulp passes along the side channels, a; preferably up a slightlyinclined plane, a, (shown dotted in Figs. and 3,) toward and under the rolls D, between them and the usual fixed knife or cutter plates, D immediately below, from which the pulp falls either direct or flows down an incline or declivity, a quite to and round the end of the vat, whereitreturnsbythecentralchanneha. When two rolls are used an arrangement of mechanism is provided for enabling these two rolls D to be raised or lowered simultaneously, and to be adjusted vertically to cut the fiber to any desired degree of fineness, as with one roll. For this purpose the journal bush-bearings D of the roll-spindles D are made capable of sliding vertically in their brackets or plumber-blocks D, somewhat similar to those now in use, but with the difference that they are made to rest on a pair of levers, E, jointed at their outer ends by eccen tric-pins cin theblocks D, and at their inner ends connected by links Ewith a screw-nut,e,through which. a screwshaft, e,passes and is turned to raise or lower this nut e, and with it the levers E and rollspindles D, for the adjustment of the kniferolls. The screw-spindle e is turned by means of a bevel-pinion, 0 on a transverse shaft, E, carried by pillars E and actuated by the handwheel E at one side. The screw-shaft c is formed with a reverse or left-hand screw, 0 at the lower end, on which a nut, 0 and buckle e are fitted. The object of this arrangement is to regulate the position of the rolls D and knife-plate D and prevent accident to the knife-plate or knife-rolls by lowering the rolls too far. When the screw-shaft e is turned to lower the rolls the same action raises the nut 6 until it comes in contact with the lower side of the framing of the vat and jams or prevents further turning or lowering of the rolls D. The nut e is kept from turning by a transverse buckle-plate,e (Shown particularly in Fig. 5.) The joint-pins c of the lever E are fitted as eccentrics which can be turned round to raise or lower the outer end of either of the levers E slightly independently of the other and its roll 1), or only one end of its roll, and so adjust it to suit any unequal wear of the knives (1 or knife-plates D".

Fig. 5 is a side elevation, and Fig. 6 is a horizontal section, showing one of the eccentric joint-pins e and holding-nut e of the levers E, which fit and turn in hearings in the framin g of the machine. The middlepart, a, of each pin 0, which fits into the eye E in the end of each lever E, is eccentric to the center of rotation in the bearing, so that by turning the pins 0 a part of a revolution in the one direction or the other the ends of the levers Eare raised or lowered to a slight degree, but each independently of the other. The pins may be turned by a worm and screw-wheel, or by a screw-key applied to a square on their outer ends, and either fixed in their adjusted position by jam-nuts or by the form of differential nut 0 shown in Fig. 6, which is octagonal inside, where it fits on the end of the joint-pin 0, but hexagonal outside,where it is fitted into a corresponding recess in the framing, (or any other polygonal form might be used,) so as to give a very fine adjustment, the mode of adjusting and fixing the eccentric-pins a being to withdraw the nut 0 turn the pin 0 in one direction to its required position, and reapply the nut 0 By moving the pin 0 one-eighth part of a revolution to the left, and then moving the nut c with the pin 0 one-sixth part of a revolution to theright,a differential advance of one twenty-fourth part of a revolution to the right is obtained and the pin 0 is fixed in the advanced position.

In setting the rolls D to their respective under plates or knives, D, the hand-wheel is turned until one roll D exactly touches the under plate, D*; then the second roll D is lowered, if necessary, by means of the eccentricpin 0 until it touches the under plates or knives, D". If no such adjusting mechanism is provided,any unequal wear, either in the knives of the rolls D, or the knives of the under plates, D", or in the bearings of the shafts, would produce the result that the two rolls would not be equidistant from their respective plates or under knives, D", the consequence of which would be that the pulp would be unequally treated. The two rolls D are lifted simultaneously by simply turning one hand-wheel, E, which obviates the possibility of the attendant having one roll working lower than the othera result which must happen (more or less) if the two rolls are moved each by independent mechanism, as hitherto applied to the old type of engines having more than one roll.

In the improved machine two or more revolving paddle-washers or washing and draining apparatus, 0, are employed. Two may be fitted on a transverse'horizontal spindle, 0, revolving in journal-bearings c, which are fitted on bracket-standards c on each side of the 5 vat-frame A, placed one in each of the two side or outer channels,a a,in a position between the cutting-rolls D and the lifting-paddle end of the vat, and driven by a belt from the shaft 1) of the lifting-paddle B. These paddle-washersO are not made cylindrical, as usual, but are formed with a number of hollow scoop-shaped vanes, buckets, or paddles, C, (as from three to six in number,) extending from the central boss or shaft, 0, outward the 5 full breadth of the washer G and side channel, a, and close and curved at the back, so as to lift the water from the circumference to the center inside while driving the pulp forward toward the cutting-rolls D. These vanes or buckets 0 are fitted with reversely-curved or fiat open metal gratings or bars in front, covered over with wire-cloth or other suitable material at O, to act as sieves or drainers. The buckets O, in entering through the pulp, par- 2 5 tially drive itforward, and also lift it, and the water in the pulp is forced or drained through the wire-cloth O, and, flowing down the inner sides of the curved buckets 0, passes out at the center 0 into the open eye 0 formed or fitted in each of the dividing-partitions A of the vatA. These paddle-washers O 0, when not being used for washing purposes, may still be kept in action during the. beating process,

to thicken the pulp in front of the rolls; or they may be lifted or raised quite out of the circulating pulp by an automatic arrangement. For this latter purpose the bearingbushes G of the washerspindle c are fitted in vertical slots 0 in their carrying standards or brackets c, in which the washer-spindle ccan be raised by means of crank-disks F and connecting-rods F, attached to their )ins and to the outer ends of the spindle 0. he crankdisks F are fitted on a transverse shaft, F,

carried at the top of the side standards, 0, and are turned to about one-half revolution to raise the washer 0 clear of the pulp by means of a screwwheel, f, on the shaft F, actuated by a screw, f, at the upper end of a vertical 0 or inclined spindle, f, the lower end of which is fitted with a bevel-pinion, f in gear with a corresponding pinion on the short axis f carried by a bracket, O, on the standard 0, and having on it afast and loose pulley, gg, driven by a belt, 9, from similar pulleys, g g, on the endof the shaftb of thelifting-paddleB, which can be brought into action, when desired, by shifting the belt on the fast pulleys g 9 as shown in Fig. 2; or this action maybe effected with a clutch on the back of the bevel-wheel f, as shown in Figs. 7 and 8 of the drawings. The modification of the improved machine shown in Fig. 9 differs from that shown in Figs. 1,2,3, and 4 in having the partitions A made hollow to contain the operating-gearing, and in having an additional washer, O, placed in the central channel, a.

For small sizes of engines it is preferred to .have one cutting-roll instead of two. This roll is placed in the center channel, a, as shown in Fig. 10, provision being made to allow the bottom plate or fixed knives to be drawn or taken out at the front side of the engine.

The lifting gear or mechanism for the single roll may be the same as one-half of the doubleroll gear, with the exception that the eccentricpins e are not required at all.

The washers, with their lifting-gear, are in all respects the same for an engine with one roll as for an engine with two rolls.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is

1. The construction and arrangement of washing, breaking, and beating engines or machines for treating paper-pulp, with the vat A, divided into three circulating-channels, a, a a, fitted with the revolving lifting and mixing or circulating paddle B, drum washer or washers O, and cutting roll or rolls D, substan- 9o tially as and for the purposes herein specified.

2. In paper-pulp or fiber washing, breaking, and beating engines or machines, the construction and use of the revolving lifting and mixing or circulating paddle B, fitted in combina- 5 tion with the circulating channels a a, and having its floats or paddles B made or set atangles inclined successively in reverse directions to the axis of revolution, substantially as and for the purposes herein set forth. I00

3. In paper-pulp or fiber washing, breaking, and beating engines or machines, the construction and use of the revolving drum or paddle washers O, with curved acting wire-cloth surfaces O, substantially as and for the purposes herein set forth.

4. The arrangement or combination of the crank or crank-disk F and connecting-rods F, operated by the shaft F and screw-gearingfff, all forming the mechanism for rais- 1 1o ing the drum-washers 0 out of action, sub stantially as herein described.

5. The arrangement of the levers E, having the eccentric joint-pins c, with their differential holding-nuts e for the separate adjustment 1 I 5 of the cutting-rolls D, in combination with the screw-gearin g e e, actuated by a single handwheel, E, and shaft E, for simultaneously raising or lowering the cutting-rolls D, and in combination with the screw 0, the safety-nut r20 6 and buckle 0 for regulating the degree of cutting or friction between the cutting-rolls D and the bottom knives, D".

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of 12 5 two subscribing witnesses.

ALEX. FORBES.

Witnesses:

WALLACE FAIRWEATHER, ALEX. MEIKLEJON.

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