US244142A - piper - Google Patents

Description

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LAMP C No. 244,142.

Patented July 1-2, 1881 I mbwsses w (No M del.)

2 Sheets-Sh et 2. E. S; ER. L MP Patented July 12,1881.

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*mbwssesi UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

EDWARD S. PIPER, OF TORONTO, ONTARIO, CANADA.

LAM P- SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 244,142, dated July 12, 1881,

Application filed March 10, 1881.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EDWARD SPENCER PIP- ER, of the city of Toronto, in the county of York, in the Province of Ontario, Canada, have invented new and useful Improvements in Lamps, of which the following is a specification.

The object of the invention is to provide a lamp which will burn brightly without a lampchimney, and which at the same time cannot be affected by sudden gusts of air.

In the drawings, Figures 1 and 2 are sectional elevations, showing the construction of my improved lamp. Fig. 3 is an outside perspective viewof my improved switch-lamp; Fig. 4, detail of reflector.

In the drawings, A is a double lamp-case, an air-space being left between the outer skill, w, and inner skin, y. This latter skin iscorrugated, and is provided with air-passages it, formed by grooving or creasing the inner skin, 51 which passages conduct the air admitted between the skins into the interior of the case A from below the burner of the lamp, thus serving to keep the case cool by the current of air passing between the two skins.

B is a chamber projecting below the case A, and forming a receptacle to receive the lamp 0. The bottom of the chamber B is perforated on each side of the lamp 0. The leg D is hollow, its top end being closed by the bottom of the chamber B, against which it rests, as shown. The bottom of this leg D is also closed, but is provided with a perforated false bottom, E, for the purpose of checking and diffusing the cold air admitted into it through the perforations at.

Asuitably-formed casing, extending from the bottom of the chamber B to the leg D, forms an air-chamber, F, into which the air admitted into the leg D is discharged through the perforations I). From this air-chamber the air escapes through the perforations in the bottom of the chamber B into the case A. The top of the case,immediately over the burner, is pierced with a circular hole leading into the chamber G. A corresponding hole in the top of the chamber G leads into a circular funnel, H. The internal diameter of the funnel His about the same as that of the hole leading from the case Ainto the chamber G. A cone-shaped bottom is provided for the funnel H, having,

(N0 model.)

however, a hole of suitable diameter in its apex. The funnel H is provided with a top, which has, however, a hole of suitable size pierced through it immediately over and corresponding with the hole in the cone-shaped bottom of the funnel H. The hole through the top of the funnel H is protected with an inwardlyprojeeting flange, d. An arch shaped protector, I, is attached to the funnel H, and extends over the hole in its top. A corresponding archshaped protector, J, only of larger diameter, extends from the top of the chamber G over the funnel H at right angles to the protector I.

The sides of the chamber G are perforated, which perforations are protected by the inwardly-flaring guards K, which extend across the chamber G in front of the perforations referred to, and are corrugated, so as to direct the air in channels.

On reference to the drawings, in which the lamp 0 is shown in section, itwill be noticed that a circular tube, L, extends from the burner to the bottom of the oilreservoir incasin g the wick M, the base of the tube L being scalloped, as shown, or perforated, for the purpose ofpermitting the oil to pass into the tube L from the oil-cup. The oil-cup is preferably filled with wick or some other suitable material for holding the oil, only sufficient quantity to supply the requirements of the wick M being admitted into the tube L. The splashing of the oil out of the cup is in this way avoided.

In order to provide a vent-hole to permit the escape of the gas or evaporations from the oil, and that at the same time will not allow the oil to splash out, I make a cone-shaped stopper, f, having a hole, f, in its center.

While the principle of my lamp might be applied to lamps of similar construction, my invention is directed for the improvement of what are commonly called tail lamps, used on railway-trains, and also for switch-lamps. In lamps of this class the chimneys are constantly being broken, thereby destroying the usefulness of the lamp. The lamps of this class are also subjected to extreme drafts of air, by which the light is frequently putout.

Owing to the construction of my lamp, which I have now fully described, no lamp-chimney is required, while the arrangement for the draft is of such a character that it is utterly impos sible to blow the light out without opening the door of the casing. The cold air which enters through the perforations a passes up through the perforated false bottom E into the hollow leg D, and escapes into the air-chamber F through the perforations I). From this chamber it passes into the casing A through the perforations in the bottom of the chamber 13, and also through similar perforations in the inner casin g of the lamp-case, as represented in Fig. 1. Bythis arrangement the cold airis caused to circulate in'such a manner that any sudden drafts or gusts of wind cannot reach the burner. Having supplied the burner with the necessary oxygen, the heated air passes through the hole in the top of the casing A, and thence through the hole in the bottom and top of the funnel H, escaping through the open sides of the arch-shaped protector I.

In order to prevent sudden gusts of wind descending into the lamp through the openings, the protectors I and J are relatively placed as shown; but as these would not alone be sufficient to accomplish my purpose, I perforate the sides of the chamber G, through which perforations the wind enters the chamber G, but is directed upwardly by the corrugated flaring sides K through the coneshaped bottom of the funnel H. By this arrangement a counterdraft is secured, which successfully counteracts any sudden downward draft which might possibly be admitted through the holes in the funnel H. A certain quantity may, however, in. case of a sudden downward draft, find its way between the skins a; 3 just below the flaring sides K, and thence through the air-channels it into the lamp-case below the burner.

The lenses N, which are opposite to each other, are, of course, of different colors, according to the signal they are intended to convey.

. NVith the view of furnishing a reflector for each, which at the same time will not interfere with the light, lplace behind each lens a conical-shaped reflector, O, havingahole in its apex to permit the light of the burner to be seen through. Each of these reflectors reflects for the lens opposite, and at the same time protects it from the color of the lens behind which the reflector is placed, the hole inthe reflector being sufficient only to allow the flame to be seen. The flame, acting as a back for each reflector, prevents the color of one reflector being seen when looking through the one opposite. As it is important that these reflectors should be easily removed to be cleaned, they are sprung intothe position shown in dotted lines in Fig. 1, and are provided with a joint, 10, which can be easily opened in order to permit the removal of the reflector from its position.

Vvhat I claim as my invention is 1. In combination with a lamp in which the leg is made hollow, but closed at both ends, perforations made in the leg near its base for the purpose of admitting cold air, with similar perforations near the top end of the leg for the purposeof permitting the air in the leg to escape into a specially-formed chamber below the base or oil-vessel of the lamp, by which the burner is supplied with fresh air at the same time itis protected from sudden gusts of wind, substantially as specified.

2. A double lamp-case having an air-space between the two skins and a chamber formed on its top, the sides of the said chamber being perforated and provided with inwardly-flaring corrugated guards K, extending across the said chamber in front of the perforations, in combination with afunnel situated above the channel and provided with a cone-shaped bottom havingahole in its apex, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

3. The leg D, perforated at both ends, as described,and the doublelamp-caseAdm-combination with the guards K, funnel H, flange d, and caps I J, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

EDW. S. PIPER. Witnesses:

H. H. WARREN, G. W. BALDWIN.

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