US2435191A - Rubber coated steel object - Google Patents
Rubber coated steel object Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2435191A US2435191A US50920443A US2435191A US 2435191 A US2435191 A US 2435191A US 50920443 A US50920443 A US 50920443A US 2435191 A US2435191 A US 2435191A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- zinc
- wire
- coating
- tungsten
- nickel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
- B29D30/00—Producing pneumatic or solid tyres or parts thereof
- B29D30/06—Pneumatic tyres or parts thereof (e.g. produced by casting, moulding, compression moulding, injection moulding, centrifugal casting)
- B29D30/48—Bead-rings or bead-cores; Treatment thereof prior to building the tyre
- B29D30/50—Covering, e.g. by winding, the separate bead-rings or bead-cores with textile material, e.g. with flipper strips
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2021/00—Use of unspecified rubbers as moulding material
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
- Y10S428/9335—Product by special process
- Y10S428/934—Electrical process
- Y10S428/935—Electroplating
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
- Y10S428/9335—Product by special process
- Y10S428/939—Molten or fused coating
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12535—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.] with additional, spatially distinct nonmetal component
- Y10T428/12556—Organic component
- Y10T428/12562—Elastomer
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12785—Group IIB metal-base component
- Y10T428/12792—Zn-base component
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12785—Group IIB metal-base component
- Y10T428/12792—Zn-base component
- Y10T428/12799—Next to Fe-base component [e.g., galvanized]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
- Y10T428/12931—Co-, Fe-, or Ni-base components, alternative to each other
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31678—Of metal
- Y10T428/31707—Next to natural rubber
Description
Feb. 3, 194s. Q. E. ADLER 1 2,435,191
RUBBER COATED. STEEL OBJECT Filed Nov. e, 1943 v Patented Feb. 3, 194s y UNITED STATES PATENT orrlcs amaai i RUBBER COATIED STEEL OBJEC Michigan Application November 6, 1948. Serial No. 509.204
Chlml. (Cl. iBS-195i This invention relates to a coated ferrous base object anda method of making-the same and particularly to ferrous base wire adapted for rubber coating.
Steel wires and other ferrous base materials have 'a large use in providing strength torubber articles. For example, they are frequently employed in tire beads. In Domm Patent 2,002,261 a method of coatingferrous base wires with copper and zinc is described which makes the wires adherent to rubber. The present process is an improvement upon that described in Domm in that the coating applied to thewire is more adherent to rubber of certain types and at the same time the corrosion resistance of the wire is considerably improved.
The invention will be described in connection with tire bead wires but it is to be understood that it is applicable to other ferrous base metals whether in wire or other form. It will also be described particularly in connection with ferrous Wire which has been coated with zinc, but the new coating may be applied-either on the zinc or on the bare ferrous base. y
The invention is illustrated diagrammati'cally in the drawing in which the ligure shows a broken view of a wire cut away to illustrate the various coatings. wire provided with a zinc coating upon which is a layer of nickel-tungsten alloy, and uponthe latter is a rubbe r\c oating. The drawing is of course not to scale.
The invention will be described in connection with steel tire bead wire. This wire may be coated with zinc either as described in said Domm Patent 2,002,261 or as set forth in my Patent 2,323,890, lbut preferably in accordance with the latter patent. In that process wires having a diameter of .060 to .070 inch are thoroughly cleaned, drawn through a flux such as a saturated solution of zinc ammonium chloride, the excess solution removed, and the wires drawn through a bath of molten zinc.
The temperature of the zinc bath is preferably in the range of 820 to 840 F. The wire is wiped after the zinc plating operation by what is known as the tight wipe method. In this process, the amount of zinc added is approximately 6 to 15 grams per kilogram of wire or approximately .00013 to .00033 inch in thickness. The zinc coated wire may then be drawn to reduce its thickness to the necessary diameter, usually about .025 inch. .The zinc coating may, however, be applied directly to wire of this thickness. v
The wires. after thoroughly cleaned, are then As there shown, the base is a steel.
coated with an alloy'oi tungsten and a metal of the group consisting of nickel, cobalt and iron.
For the purpose of producing a nickel-tungsten alloy, the following bath may be employed:
25o Nichsmo 21 v H3303 so Sodium tungstate is added to the above bath after dissolving it in water. The sodium tungstate solution is added slowly to the bath while agitating. The preferred amount is sulcient to give 2 to 10 grams per liter of tungsten.
Continuous plating is carried out preferably at a current density of about 50 amperes per square` foot and at a temperatur-eci 110 F.
Conditions are preferably controlled as to tem-. perature, current density and concentration to give a jet black nish. The concentration, temperature and density may be varied but the variation should be correlated to produce the black finish.
The deposit of black alloy on analysis is found to have between 4% and 12% tungsten, the balance being nickel. It is quite possible that the tungsten and the nickel may each be present at least partially as salts rather than as the metal.
The bath is preferably operated at a pH of about 5.4 but this likewise is one of the conditions which may be varied. The thickness of the coating may be v'aried within wide limits.
- produced by the use of 50 amperes per square foot current density for 5 minutes is not ytoo thick. The minimum plate necessary at 50 amperes current density per square foot is produced in about 2 seconds.
In coating a galvanized wire there is a tendency of the zinc to react with the solution. This tendency may be inhibited by the use .of buifers.
For example. sodium sulfate may be added substantially to saturation, as, for example. grams per liter. Sodium citrate may be employed, for example, at the vrate of 'l1/2 grams per liter.
The nickel-tungsten alloy has particularly good adherence with rubber. For example, in one test,
wire so coated gave an adherence of lbs. per
inch on .037 wire, as'compared with 160-170 lbs. to the wireof Domm Patent 2,002,261, 90 for nickel. and 30 for bare steel.
The nickel-tungsten alloy when applied over zinc has a vastly improvedl corrosion resistance as measured by salt spray; as comparedwith copper `over zinc. For example, comparable A coating coatings of brass, nickel-tungsten and nickel, had the following comparative salt spray lives:
The corrosion resistance is not dependent upon the jet black character of the coating, although the black coating is moet desirable for rubberl adherence.
Instead of nickel, cobalt or iron may be employed. Improved adhesion and corrosion resistance have been obtained with cobalt-tungsten and iron-tungsten alloys. t
A suitable solution for cobalt is as follows:
CoSOa'II-IzO grams per liter-- 504 NaCl do 1'1' Boric acid j do 45 Sodium tungstate do 2 pH 4.5
This is suitably operated at 20 amperes per square foot current density at a pH of 2 at 120 F. It is preferably operated long enough to secure a Jet black coating.
The various tungsten alloys may also be applied over any intermediate coating or coatings. For example, zinc may be replaced by cadmium, tin, lead, or alloys thereof, and the tungsten alloy may be the final coating on a series of intermediate coats. In usual practice. however, the alloy will be applied either to the bare wire orto a zinc 'coated wire.
The foregoing detailed description has been given for clearness of understanding only, and
no unnecessary limitations should be understood therefrom.
What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is:
1. A rubber coated article comprising a ferrous base having firmly adherent to a surface thereof an electrolytically deposited layer of a rubber adherent alloy of 4% to l12% by weight of tungsten and afmetal of the class consisting of nickel, cobalt and iron, and a coating of rubber adherently vulcanized thereon.
2. An article as set forth in claim 1, in which4 a layer of zinc is interposed between the ferrous base and the tungsten alloy.
3. A rubber coated article comprising a. ferrous 'base having rmly adherent to a surface thereof an electrolytically deposited layer of rubberadherent nickel-tungsten alloy containing from 4% to 12% by weight of tungsten and a coating of rubber adherently vulcanized thereon.
4. An article as set forth in claim 3, in which a layer of zinc is interposed between the ferrous base and the tungsten alloy.
5. An article as set forth in claim 3, in which the nickel-tungsten coating is jet black.
ORVILLE E. ADLER.
REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the Society, v01. 82 (1942), pages 193-215.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US50920443 US2435191A (en) | 1943-11-06 | 1943-11-06 | Rubber coated steel object |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US50920443 US2435191A (en) | 1943-11-06 | 1943-11-06 | Rubber coated steel object |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2435191A true US2435191A (en) | 1948-02-03 |
Family
ID=24025712
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US50920443 Expired - Lifetime US2435191A (en) | 1943-11-06 | 1943-11-06 | Rubber coated steel object |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US2435191A (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2643273A (en) * | 1950-03-18 | 1953-06-23 | Nat Standard Co | Method of securing rubber adhesion to metal and composition therefor |
US3153278A (en) * | 1959-08-28 | 1964-10-20 | Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp | Method of forming a composite aluminum article |
US3936536A (en) * | 1974-02-13 | 1976-02-03 | The Firestone Tire & Rubber Company | Method of making rubber-coated wire |
US5356711A (en) * | 1990-12-27 | 1994-10-18 | Pirelli Coordinamento Pneumatici S.P.A. | Article comprising at least one metal wire embedded in a vulcanized elastomeric material |
US5979529A (en) * | 1995-09-29 | 1999-11-09 | Bridgestone Corporation | Adherent rubber composition for steel cord |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB460931A (en) * | 1934-09-18 | 1937-02-01 | Harry Howard Armstrong | Improvements in the electrodeposition of tungsten alloys |
DE674430C (en) * | 1937-09-11 | 1939-04-14 | Bernhard Berghaus | Process for the electrolytic deposition of tungsten-iron alloys |
US2154834A (en) * | 1936-10-08 | 1939-04-18 | Lamatter William W De | Rubber coated objects and method of production |
US2160321A (en) * | 1936-02-06 | 1939-05-30 | Tungsten Electrodeposit Corp | Electrodeposition of tungsten alloys |
US2296838A (en) * | 1937-11-01 | 1942-09-29 | Nat Standard Co | Rubber adherent metal |
US2320998A (en) * | 1938-05-05 | 1943-06-08 | Scovill Manufacturing Co | Coating metal articles |
-
1943
- 1943-11-06 US US50920443 patent/US2435191A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB460931A (en) * | 1934-09-18 | 1937-02-01 | Harry Howard Armstrong | Improvements in the electrodeposition of tungsten alloys |
US2160321A (en) * | 1936-02-06 | 1939-05-30 | Tungsten Electrodeposit Corp | Electrodeposition of tungsten alloys |
US2154834A (en) * | 1936-10-08 | 1939-04-18 | Lamatter William W De | Rubber coated objects and method of production |
DE674430C (en) * | 1937-09-11 | 1939-04-14 | Bernhard Berghaus | Process for the electrolytic deposition of tungsten-iron alloys |
US2296838A (en) * | 1937-11-01 | 1942-09-29 | Nat Standard Co | Rubber adherent metal |
US2320998A (en) * | 1938-05-05 | 1943-06-08 | Scovill Manufacturing Co | Coating metal articles |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2643273A (en) * | 1950-03-18 | 1953-06-23 | Nat Standard Co | Method of securing rubber adhesion to metal and composition therefor |
US3153278A (en) * | 1959-08-28 | 1964-10-20 | Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp | Method of forming a composite aluminum article |
US3936536A (en) * | 1974-02-13 | 1976-02-03 | The Firestone Tire & Rubber Company | Method of making rubber-coated wire |
US5356711A (en) * | 1990-12-27 | 1994-10-18 | Pirelli Coordinamento Pneumatici S.P.A. | Article comprising at least one metal wire embedded in a vulcanized elastomeric material |
US6372071B1 (en) * | 1990-12-27 | 2002-04-16 | Pirelli Coordinamento Pneumatici S.P.A. | Article comprising at least one metal wire embedded in a vulcanized elastomeric material |
US5979529A (en) * | 1995-09-29 | 1999-11-09 | Bridgestone Corporation | Adherent rubber composition for steel cord |
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