US2422647A - Filter - Google Patents

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US2422647A
US2422647A US344583A US34458340A US2422647A US 2422647 A US2422647 A US 2422647A US 344583 A US344583 A US 344583A US 34458340 A US34458340 A US 34458340A US 2422647 A US2422647 A US 2422647A
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United States
Prior art keywords
chamber
filtering means
filter
fine filtering
fine
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Expired - Lifetime
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US344583A
Inventor
Vokes Cecil Gordon
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Vokes Ltd
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Vokes Ltd
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Publication date
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D35/00—Filtering devices having features not specifically covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D33/00, or for applications not specifically covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D33/00; Auxiliary devices for filtration; Filter housing constructions
    • B01D35/14—Safety devices specially adapted for filtration; Devices for indicating clogging
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
    • B01D29/11—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with bag, cage, hose, tube, sleeve or like filtering elements
    • B01D29/13—Supported filter elements
    • B01D29/15—Supported filter elements arranged for inward flow filtration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
    • B01D29/11—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with bag, cage, hose, tube, sleeve or like filtering elements
    • B01D29/13—Supported filter elements
    • B01D29/23—Supported filter elements arranged for outward flow filtration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
    • B01D29/50—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with multiple filtering elements, characterised by their mutual disposition
    • B01D29/52—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with multiple filtering elements, characterised by their mutual disposition in parallel connection
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2201/00—Details relating to filtering apparatus
    • B01D2201/46—Several filtrate discharge conduits each connected to one filter element or group of filter elements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S210/00—Liquid purification or separation
    • Y10S210/13—Part flow-full flow

Definitions

  • Patented June-17 19 47 Cecil Gordon Vokes, London, England, assignor to Vokes Limited, Guiliord, Surrey, England- Application July 9, 1940, Serial No. 344,583 In Qreat British July 19, 1939 Section 3, Public Law 690, Aug. 8, 1946. Patent expires July 19, 1959 Claims.
  • This invention relates to filters.
  • a metal gauze diaphragm or the like of small area may be inserted in the parallel lubrieating circuit, but particles up to the size which will pass this gauze may be pumped to the bearlugs and other parts to be lubricated quite a number of times before they get diverted into the bypass.
  • the cleaning cannot be so thorough, as only relatively small pressure drop can be allowed, but a filter of large surface area and high efliciency as regards particles other than the very fine ones is arranged in the main circuit and prevents such particles from being carried from the sump or reservoir tothe bearings.
  • the main object of the present invention is to provide an improved filter into which the whole of the oil is passed and within which a proportion is by-passed through a very fine filtering screenand delivered to the engine sump or other reservoir while the greater part is cleared of all but the veryfine particles by a screen of large area but low back pressure and delivered to the main the main circuit, filtration is roceeding on the by-pass system unless'that screen is also clogged, but even so' that main circuit will continue to be supplied with unfiltered oil.
  • Fig. '1 is a vertical sectional view on line I, l of.Fig. 2 and Fig. 2 a plan'vie with the top cover removed.
  • a main casing I has a cover 2 at the top with the by-pass oil outlet 3 to the engine sump or reservoir in an outlet chamber 4 immediately below the cover.
  • the fine filter elements are of tubular form suspended from the bottom of the outlet chamber and may comprise perforated tubes 5 wound with asbestos cord 6 or any other suitable fine cleansing screen. As shown there are six fine filter elements, each held on to the bottom of the chamber 4 by a'fianged top cap I perforated at 1a for the passage of the thoroughlyfiltered oil to the chamber 4 and held in position by a spring 8.
  • the oil inlet 9 enters the part of the chamber ill in which the fine filter elements are suspended.
  • a third chamber I I at the bottom of the casing contains the main circuit series filter which maybe of the pleated or corrugated screen type, arranged for automatic bypassing of the oil direct to the outlet 22 to the main circuit in case the back pressure becomes excessive owing to the screen becoming clogged.
  • the oil forming the main circuit enters the chamber II by passage l2.
  • the main circuit filter as illustrated is of type known per se, comprising a star shaped screen I3 enclosed in a cylindrical perforated case l4. It maybe arranged'at an incline and spring-pressed against a seating l5 so as to lift from it at a predetermined pressure.
  • the seating I 5 and the passage l2 leading to it from the inlet chamber l0 where the fine filtering elements are located can be embodied in a cover I6 bolted 0n theside of the main casing, facilitating assembly and replacement.
  • a ingle drain plug I! will serve to close draining passages i 8 and is from the lowest parts of both the filtering chambers,
  • a filter including a casing formed to pro vide a first chamber and a second'chamber, an inlet leading to the first chamber, an outlet from the first chamber, an outlet leading from the second chamber, a fine filtering means in the first chamber, a channel between the first and second chambers, a less fine filtering means in the second chamber normally filtering all fluid reaching the second chamber through the channel between the first and second chambers, and a valve in said channel normally closed while the less fine filtering means is functioning as a filter, said valve opening under fluid pressure incident to choking of the less-fine filtering means to bypass the fiuid, around the less-fine filtering means and establish direct connection between said channel and the second chamber.
  • bypass control to direct fiuid from said channel to said second chamber free of any filtering influence from the less-fine filtering means, said bypass control being closed while the less-fine filtering means is functioning as a filter and opened for bypass function when the less-fine filtering means fails to function as a filter.
  • valve includes an element fixed with respect to the channel, and a movable cooperating element carried by the less-fine filtering means, said less-fine filtering means being movable under fluid pressure incident to choking of said lessfine filtering means to operate the movable valve member to cause the valve to function as a bypass to establish direct communication between said channel and said second chamber.
  • valve includes a fixed member encircling but not interrupting the channel and a cooperating movable member fixed with relation to the lessfine filtering means, said less-fine filtering means being movable under fluid pressure when said less-fine filtering means is so choked as to preclude effective filtering function to separate the movable valve member from the fixed valve member to establish direct communication between the channel and second chamber.

Description

c. a. VOKES June 17, 1947.
' FILTER Filed July 9, 194
Patented June-17 19 47 Cecil Gordon Vokes, London, England, assignor to Vokes Limited, Guiliord, Surrey, England- Application July 9, 1940, Serial No. 344,583 In Qreat Britain July 19, 1939 Section 3, Public Law 690, Aug. 8, 1946. Patent expires July 19, 1959 Claims.
This invention relates to filters.
While the invention is not limited to any specific application, it will be convenient to consider the filtration of oil in internal combustion engines to illustrate some of the ideas which have resulted in the present conception.
Generally speaking one of two types of filtration is used in the lubricating oil system of such engines, namely the by-pass type in which a rel- I atively small proportion of oil from the circulating pump is passed through a fine filter and very thoroughly cleaned and the series system in which the whole of the circulating oil is filtered. The
former necessitates a relatively high pressure and the by-pass is consequently carried from the delivery side of the oil pump to the sump or'oil reservoior: a metal gauze diaphragm or the like of small area may be inserted in the parallel lubrieating circuit, but particles up to the size which will pass this gauze may be pumped to the bearlugs and other parts to be lubricated quite a number of times before they get diverted into the bypass. In the series system the cleaning cannot be so thorough, as only relatively small pressure drop can be allowed, but a filter of large surface area and high efliciency as regards particles other than the very fine ones is arranged in the main circuit and prevents such particles from being carried from the sump or reservoir tothe bearings.
The main object of the present invention is to provide an improved filter into which the whole of the oil is passed and within which a proportion is by-passed through a very fine filtering screenand delivered to the engine sump or other reservoir while the greater part is cleared of all but the veryfine particles by a screen of large area but low back pressure and delivered to the main the main circuit, filtration is roceeding on the by-pass system unless'that screen is also clogged, but even so' that main circuit will continue to be supplied with unfiltered oil.
Other parts of the invention reside in the new or improved features, combinations and arrangements embodied in a typical form which will now Even if the series screen becomes' clogged and is automatically by-passed out of be described with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which Fig. '1 is a vertical sectional view on line I, l of.Fig. 2 and Fig. 2 a plan'vie with the top cover removed.
In this form a main casing I has a cover 2 at the top with the by-pass oil outlet 3 to the engine sump or reservoir in an outlet chamber 4 immediately below the cover. The fine filter elements are of tubular form suspended from the bottom of the outlet chamber and may comprise perforated tubes 5 wound with asbestos cord 6 or any other suitable fine cleansing screen. As shown there are six fine filter elements, each held on to the bottom of the chamber 4 by a'fianged top cap I perforated at 1a for the passage of the thoroughlyfiltered oil to the chamber 4 and held in position by a spring 8. The oil inlet 9 enters the part of the chamber ill in which the fine filter elements are suspended. A third chamber I I at the bottom of the casing contains the main circuit series filter which maybe of the pleated or corrugated screen type, arranged for automatic bypassing of the oil direct to the outlet 22 to the main circuit in case the back pressure becomes excessive owing to the screen becoming clogged. The oil forming the main circuit enters the chamber II by passage l2. The main circuit filter as illustrated is of type known per se, comprising a star shaped screen I3 enclosed in a cylindrical perforated case l4. It maybe arranged'at an incline and spring-pressed against a seating l5 so as to lift from it at a predetermined pressure. The seating I 5 and the passage l2 leading to it from the inlet chamber l0 where the fine filtering elements are located can be embodied in a cover I6 bolted 0n theside of the main casing, facilitating assembly and replacement. On the opposite side of the main casing a ingle drain plug I! will serve to close draining passages i 8 and is from the lowest parts of both the filtering chambers,
It will be observed that in this way a single casing of reasonable size has been arranged to provide the efficiency and safeguards contemplated when connected at three places to the oil inlet, the sump or reservoir and the main lubrieating circuit of the engine respectively. It will further be observed that the fine and less fine filtering means are arranged in parallel to receive the fluid at the same or substantially the same pressure, but that the less fine filtering means is connected in series with the bearings or other parts to be lubricated whereas the fluid passing the fine filtering means returns directly to the sump or reservoir. This serves as an example of the idea of maintaining a much greater drop of pressure across the fine filtering means.
I claim:
1. A filter, including a casing formed to pro vide a first chamber and a second'chamber, an inlet leading to the first chamber, an outlet from the first chamber, an outlet leading from the second chamber, a fine filtering means in the first chamber, a channel between the first and second chambers, a less fine filtering means in the second chamber normally filtering all fluid reaching the second chamber through the channel between the first and second chambers, and a valve in said channel normally closed while the less fine filtering means is functioning as a filter, said valve opening under fluid pressure incident to choking of the less-fine filtering means to bypass the fiuid, around the less-fine filtering means and establish direct connection between said channel and the second chamber.
second chamber through the channel between,
the first and second chambers, and a bypass control to direct fiuid from said channel to said second chamber free of any filtering influence from the less-fine filtering means, said bypass control being closed while the less-fine filtering means is functioning as a filter and opened for bypass function when the less-fine filtering means fails to function as a filter.
3. A construction as defined in claim 1, wherein the valve includes an element fixed with respect to the channel, and a movable cooperating element carried by the less-fine filtering means, said less-fine filtering means being movable under fluid pressure incident to choking of said lessfine filtering means to operate the movable valve member to cause the valve to function as a bypass to establish direct communication between said channel and said second chamber.
4. A construction as defined in claim 1, wherein the valve includes a fixed member encircling but not interrupting the channel and a cooperating movable member fixed with relation to the lessfine filtering means, said less-fine filtering means being movable under fluid pressure when said less-fine filtering means is so choked as to preclude effective filtering function to separate the movable valve member from the fixed valve member to establish direct communication between the channel and second chamber.
5.- A construction as defined in claim 1, wherein the casing is formed with an additional chamber having an outlet and open to the fluid passing through the fine filtering means.
CECIL GORDON VOICES.
REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,906,417 Renfrew et'al. May 2, 1933 1,805,450 Harvey- May 12, 193 2,108,798 Dalrymple Feb. 22, 1938 1,506,967 Bosworth Sept. 2, 1924 2,076,935 Burckhalter Apr. 13, 1937 2,098,725 Hum Nov. 9, 1937 2,271,054 Williams Jan. 27, 1942 2,230,174 Beale Jan. 28, 1941
US344583A 1939-07-19 1940-07-09 Filter Expired - Lifetime US2422647A (en)

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Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2517825A (en) * 1947-01-24 1950-08-08 Ernest G Ashcraft Coffee filter
US2559267A (en) * 1946-09-16 1951-07-03 Winslow Engineering Co Filter
US2575900A (en) * 1945-03-16 1951-11-20 Vokes Ltd Filter
US2597217A (en) * 1948-04-23 1952-05-20 Filterall Co Inc Filter apparatus
US2609933A (en) * 1948-06-03 1952-09-09 Ross Margaret Filter
US2619231A (en) * 1947-06-19 1952-11-25 Colonial Broach Co Universal oil filter mounting for hydraulic machine tools
US2657808A (en) * 1950-10-12 1953-11-03 Bowser Inc Water separator
US2699260A (en) * 1948-07-27 1955-01-11 Thomas R Komline Filter media
US2747743A (en) * 1950-09-23 1956-05-29 Case Co J I Filter with by-pass
US2936891A (en) * 1957-03-26 1960-05-17 Purolator Products Inc Filter unit
US2937754A (en) * 1957-03-19 1960-05-24 Bendix Aviat Corp Filter
US2939480A (en) * 1955-11-23 1960-06-07 Gen Motors Corp Fuel pressure regulator
US3021954A (en) * 1958-11-24 1962-02-20 Hoffman Allen Corp Combination full-flow and by-pass filter
US3053389A (en) * 1957-03-28 1962-09-11 Rosaen Filter Co Oil filters
US3120490A (en) * 1960-09-06 1964-02-04 Holley Carburetor Co High velocity filter
US3155614A (en) * 1961-01-23 1964-11-03 Westward Engineering & Fabrica Self draining filter assembly
US4863599A (en) * 1986-07-02 1989-09-05 Daimler-Benz Aktiengesellschaft Filter arrangement
US6129841A (en) * 1999-03-10 2000-10-10 Eagle Spring Filtration, Inc. Portable water treatment assembly
US6475380B1 (en) * 1999-06-04 2002-11-05 ZF Lemförder Metallwaren AG Hydraulic oil reservoir

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1506967A (en) * 1923-04-11 1924-09-02 Bosworth Filter Company Inc Liquid-fuel strainer
US1805450A (en) * 1929-07-01 1931-05-12 Hiram Parley Burke Oil filtering and refining means
US1906417A (en) * 1928-07-20 1933-05-02 Sf Bowser & Co Inc Filtering apparatus
US2076935A (en) * 1934-08-03 1937-04-13 Michiana Products Corp Oil filter
US2098725A (en) * 1935-04-27 1937-11-09 Luxe Products Corp De Oil filter
US2108798A (en) * 1933-11-03 1938-02-22 William P Dalrymple Filter
US2230174A (en) * 1938-03-15 1941-01-28 Beale Albert Filter
US2271054A (en) * 1939-12-01 1942-01-27 Motor Improvements Inc Filter

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1506967A (en) * 1923-04-11 1924-09-02 Bosworth Filter Company Inc Liquid-fuel strainer
US1906417A (en) * 1928-07-20 1933-05-02 Sf Bowser & Co Inc Filtering apparatus
US1805450A (en) * 1929-07-01 1931-05-12 Hiram Parley Burke Oil filtering and refining means
US2108798A (en) * 1933-11-03 1938-02-22 William P Dalrymple Filter
US2076935A (en) * 1934-08-03 1937-04-13 Michiana Products Corp Oil filter
US2098725A (en) * 1935-04-27 1937-11-09 Luxe Products Corp De Oil filter
US2230174A (en) * 1938-03-15 1941-01-28 Beale Albert Filter
US2271054A (en) * 1939-12-01 1942-01-27 Motor Improvements Inc Filter

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2575900A (en) * 1945-03-16 1951-11-20 Vokes Ltd Filter
US2559267A (en) * 1946-09-16 1951-07-03 Winslow Engineering Co Filter
US2517825A (en) * 1947-01-24 1950-08-08 Ernest G Ashcraft Coffee filter
US2619231A (en) * 1947-06-19 1952-11-25 Colonial Broach Co Universal oil filter mounting for hydraulic machine tools
US2597217A (en) * 1948-04-23 1952-05-20 Filterall Co Inc Filter apparatus
US2609933A (en) * 1948-06-03 1952-09-09 Ross Margaret Filter
US2699260A (en) * 1948-07-27 1955-01-11 Thomas R Komline Filter media
US2747743A (en) * 1950-09-23 1956-05-29 Case Co J I Filter with by-pass
US2657808A (en) * 1950-10-12 1953-11-03 Bowser Inc Water separator
US2939480A (en) * 1955-11-23 1960-06-07 Gen Motors Corp Fuel pressure regulator
US2937754A (en) * 1957-03-19 1960-05-24 Bendix Aviat Corp Filter
US2936891A (en) * 1957-03-26 1960-05-17 Purolator Products Inc Filter unit
US3053389A (en) * 1957-03-28 1962-09-11 Rosaen Filter Co Oil filters
US3021954A (en) * 1958-11-24 1962-02-20 Hoffman Allen Corp Combination full-flow and by-pass filter
US3120490A (en) * 1960-09-06 1964-02-04 Holley Carburetor Co High velocity filter
US3155614A (en) * 1961-01-23 1964-11-03 Westward Engineering & Fabrica Self draining filter assembly
US4863599A (en) * 1986-07-02 1989-09-05 Daimler-Benz Aktiengesellschaft Filter arrangement
US6129841A (en) * 1999-03-10 2000-10-10 Eagle Spring Filtration, Inc. Portable water treatment assembly
US6248244B1 (en) 1999-03-10 2001-06-19 Eagle Spring Filtration, Inc. Portable water treatment assembly
US6475380B1 (en) * 1999-06-04 2002-11-05 ZF Lemförder Metallwaren AG Hydraulic oil reservoir

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