US2399464A

US2399464A - Dust preventive composition

Info

Publication number: US2399464A
Application number: US558728A
Authority: US
Inventors: Edward R Butcher
Original assignee: Gulf Research and Development Co
Current assignee: Gulf Research and Development Co
Priority date: 1944-10-14
Filing date: 1944-10-14
Publication date: 1946-04-30
Anticipated expiration: 1963-04-30

Description

Patented Apr. 30,

pus'r PREVENTIVE comosrrron Edward R. Butcher, Harmarvllle', Pa.,

Gulf Research 8; Development Company,

asslgnor to Pittsburgh, Pa, a corporation of Delaware No Drawing.

4 Claims.

The present invention relates to dust preventive compositions, and it is particularly concerned with an improved liquid spraying agent adapted. to in playgrounds, training camps, the like. y

The principal object of this invention is to inhibit the surface dusting of the soil dirt walks and provide a stable dust-laying liquid composition resistant to removal from the soil by rain, and substantially without odor and color. Another object of this invention is to provide a stable dust-laying liquid composition which has high wetting ability in contact with soil. Other objects will be more readily apparent from the following detailed description of this invention.

or compositions have been employed for laying dust on unpaved highways and railroad beds. The principal characteristics desired in such compositions are permanence of the dustlaying and binding action of the solution used and ease oi wetting, or penetration of the composition into the soil. The most widely used compositions for this purpose have been aqueous solutions of calcium chloride and heavy petroleum oils of asphalt base. Solutions of calcium chloride are eilective because of the hygroscopic property of the calcium chloride deposited in the soil. The chief disadvantage of calcium chloride, however, lies in the fact that it is readily soluble in water and is soon washed away by the rain. The crude asphaltie oils are more lasting but are undesirable because oi their stickiness, odor and color and rather low wettin Application October lid, 1944, Serial No. 558,728

power. It the odor and color of such oils are removed by refining, their permanence-is also destroyed. One type of dust preventative using a refined petroleum distillate has also been proposed by Hunter (U'. 3. Patent 2,122,524). The proposed composition consists of a refined petroleum distillate of 22 to 31 A. P. I. gravity containing a small quantity of hydrous degras.

This dust preventive composition-is lasting, has Y good odor and color and has fair wetting properties, but is relativelyunstable and tends to form separate layers upon standing before application to dust-forming surfaces.

In accordance with the present invention, it has been found that a stable dust-laying composition which combines good resistance to re-' moval from soil by rain water, with good odor and color and good wetting properties can be provided by incorporating in a petroleum distiland low volatility a small amount of a naphthenic acid compound with or late of low viscosity without a wettinl aunt. The term naphthenic acid compound, as used herein and in the appended claims, includes crude and refined naphthenic acids and the metal naphthenate salts and mixtures containing them in predominating amounts.

For the base of the-dust-laying composition of this invention, any relatively non-volatile or high-boiling petroleum distillate may be employed. However, it is advanteous to use a distillate oil fraction of moderately low viscosity. The distillate oil may be used in its unrefined state, or it may be refined. The de ree of refining may be carried to any practical extent. A particularly satisfactory'petroleum oil fraction for the purpose of this invention is a distillate of from 21 to 32' A. P; I. gravity having an SUS viscosity not under 55 seconds at F. and possessing a minimum of petroleum odor.

With-such a petroleum distillate there is admixed, according to this invention, a small amount of a naphthenic acid compound. Crude naphthenic acids are particularly suitable, although satisfactory results may be obtained with refined naphthenic naphthenic acid compound incorporated in the petroleum distillate is such that no substantial separation of the naphthenic acid compound takes place on standing. In general, amounts corresponding to about 0.5 to 2.0 per cent by weight of the oil are used. When crude naphthenic acids are used in the oil, best results are obtained with concentrations of about 1 per cent by weight. Particularly good results are obtained with naphthenic acids having neu tralization numbers on the order of about 200, but acids having lower or higher neutralization numbers, for example, from 100 to 270 may be used. Of the metal naphthenate salts, best results have been obtained with calcium naphthenate, tin naphthenate, zinc naphthenate and aluminum naphthenate when used in concentrations of about 0.5 per cent, although effective improvement can be obtained with amounts as low as 0.05 per cent by weight of the finished product. These low percentages of metal naphthenates are particularly effective when used in admixture with naphthenic acids. It is desirable in general when using mixtures of metal naphthenates and naphthenic acids that less than 0.5 per cent stability and are resiltollt to-remov'al from the acids and metal naphthenate' .salts. The amount of a solution may be improved, if desired, by the -additional incorporation of a minor amount of a wetting agent. Any suitable wetting agent may be used, and satisfactory results have been obtained with a variety of commercial wetting agents, such as Tergitol penetrants, "Dresinderivative of 7-ethyl-2r-rnethyl-4-undecanol; No.

7 is an aqueous solution of thesodium sulfate derivative of 3,9-diethyl-6-tridecanol; and No. 08 is an aqueous solution of the sodium sulfate derivative of 2-ethylhexanol. Dresinate is a wellknown commercial wetting agent containing alpha-terpineol and sodium oleate. Alkaterge-O is also a well-known commercial wetting agent of the high molecular weight amine type compound.

If desired, a germicide may be added to the dust preventive composition of my invention. In such cases, dichlorpentane, cresol, cresylic acid or the like may be added. In most cases, it has been found desirable that the amount of 'such germicide be not greater than about 0.2 per cent.

In general, the dust-laying compositions which have been found particularly suitable comprise a petroleum oil distilllate of about 21 to 32 A. P. I. gravity in an amount corresponding to 97 to 99.5 per cent by weight; naphthenic acids in an amount corresponding to 0.5 to 1.75 per cent by weight; Tergitol penetrant No. 4 in an amount corresponding to 0.03 to 0.1 per cent by weight with or without up to 0.1 per cent of water and 0.2 per cent of a germicide. Particularly good results have been obtained with a composition containing 98.85 per cent of a petroleum distillate, 1 per cent of crude naphthenic acids, 0.05 per cent of Tergitol penetrant No. 4 and 0.1 per cent of water.

soil. However, the wetting properties of such flcation Board and the American Society for Testing Materials (D 332-31 T) with the exception that a standardized soil sample was used instead of a pigment. The procedure is as follows.

Take 1 gram, or any multiple thereof, of a pigment. Place the pigment upon a marble slab or glass plate and gradually add the oil, drop by drop, to the pigment, and after the addition of each drop thoroughly incorporate the -oil with the pigment by the use of a stiff spatula.

The test is completed when exactly enough oil has been incorporated with the pigment to produce a. very stifi, putty-like paste which does not break or separate. A laboratory burette is used to measure the amount of oil incorporated Table I Viscosity w Pour gravity, 5' Color tralipoint, A. P. I. at R N. P. A. 2:113:21! o Oil. 24.1 106. 0 2 0. 04 011 Y 22. 3 105.0 5 l. 90 40 Naphthenic acids 14. l 767 201. 8 5

In Table II are shown the compositions tested and the wetting power of each as determined by the standard rub-out test. Then is shown also a comparison of the respective results showing the percentage increase in wetting power of oil Y and each of the compositions over oil X which had the lowest wetting power.

Table II Comparison of dust laying oils on x on Y BleAnd Bliaand Big-1nd Bigid on x. 100 98.85 Oil Y- 100 98. 85 98. 9 99. 85 Naphthenic acids. 1. 0 l. 0 i. 0 "Tergitol" ponetrant No. 4 0.05 0.05 0.05 Water. 0.1 0. l 0. l 0. l Amt. liquid to wet 100 gms. soil .-cc 34. 4 29. 3 27. 1 25. 6 .15. 8 25. 4 Relative area wetted per unit vol. of oil to unit depth 01 soil 1.0 1.17 1.27 1.34 1.33 l. 21 Increase in wetting power over oil X per cent--. 17 27 34 33 21 1 "Tergitol" penetrant No. 7 was used instead orTcrgitol" penetrant N o. 4.

Exam I gave a product having a wetting power 27 per The data given in Table II demonstrate the remarkable effect obtained when 1 per cent of naphthenic acids is added to the oils. In blend A it will be noted that the addition, in substantially the proportions shown, of naphthenic acids, Tergitol penetrant No. 4, and water to oil X cent greater than the wetting power of the unblended oil. By adding the same agents in substantially the same proportion to oil Y (blend B), a product having a 34 per cent increased wetting power over 011 X was obtained. In this connection, however, "it should be noted that the oil Y itself is 17 per cent better than the oil X.

when the "Tergitol was omitted from blend is,

the increase in wetting power over oil x changed only from 34 to 33 per cent (blend C). When the naphthenic acids were omitted from blend 3, however, the wetting power dropped irom 34 to 21 per cent (blend D). Thus, the eflect or naphthenic acids on the wetting power of an oil dustpreventing composition is quite pronounced.

Another blend, which was not shown in the above table,'was made similar to blend A except that 2.0 per cent ofnaphthenic acids were used instead of 1 per cent. However, the larger amount of naphthenic acids gave only a slightly increased'wetting power. The addition to the oils of more than 2 per cent of naphthenic acids had a detrimental effect upon the stability of the resulting compositions on standing.

Exsurri: II

In this example there'are illustrated the results obtained-when using mixtures of naphthenic acids and metal naphthenates in dustlaying compositions prepared according to this invention. In Table II comparative results are shown between compositions prepared from oil X, above referred to inEirample I, and this oil v0.05 and 0.5 per cent of tin naphthenate.

..'a,soo,4e4 3 and/or com ined with various other details without ailecting the peculiar results obtained, and without departing from the spirit or the invention or the scope oi'{ the appended claims in which I intend to claim, all the patentable novelty inherent in my invention. a v WhatIclaimisty' 1. A stable liquid dust-layinscomposition resistant to removal from soil by water and having high'wetting power comprising97.85 to 99.47 per cent by weight of a low viscosity, low volatility petroleum distillate oil of 21 to 32 degrees A. P. I, gravity, 0.5 to 1.75 per cent by weight of naphthenic acid, 0.03 to 0.1 per cent of a wetting agent consisting essentially of a sodium salt of a sulfonated higher alcohol, up to 0.1 per cent of water and up to 0.2 per cent of a germicide.

2. A stable liquid dust-laying composition re sistant to removal from soil by water and having high wetting power comprising 98.85 per cent or a petroleum distillate oil or 21 to 32 degrees A. P. I. gravity, 1.0 per cent of naphthenic acid, 0.05 per cent of a wetting agent consisting essentially oi the sodium sulfate derivative of 'I-ethyl-2-methyl 4-undecanol and 0.1 per cent of water.

'8. A stable liquid dust-laying composition resistant to removal from soil by water and having high wetting power comprising'9'8.85 per cent of a petroleum distillate oil or 21 to8 2 degrees A. P. I. gravity, 1.0 percent of naphthenic acid, 0.05 per cent of a wetting agent consisting essentially of Table 111 Oil blends (make-up, percent by wt.)

Oil x 1 2 8 4 5 on x 10o 90.0 no. a 99.95 as s, as Naphthenic acids 1. 0 1. 0 00 'lin-na hthenate (12.2% Sn) 0. 5 0.05 0.5 0 06 AmtJquidtowet gms. soil .oo.. 84.4 27.5 88.2 28.5 27.4 8 Relative area wetted per unit vol. of oil to-unit depth 01 soiL 1. 0 25 1. 21 1. 10 1. 20 i. 28 Per cent in wetting power over oil x 25 21 19 20 28 it will be observed from these results that combinations oi the naphthenate with naph- .thenic acids are also effective for the purpose of this invention. In all of these tests the standard rub-out method referred to above in Example I was used. i

The foregoing specification and description inelude the essential and distinctive thought 01m! invention, but it is to be distinctly understood that the same may be modified in various ways the sodium sulfate derivative or 3,9diethyl 6- tridecanol.

4. A stable liquid dust-laying composition resistantto removal from soil by water and having high wetting power comprising 98.85 per cent or a petroleum distillate oil of 21 to 32 degrees A. P. I. gravity, 1.0 per cent of naphthenic acid, 0.05 'per cent or a wetting agent consisting essentially of the sodium sulfate derivative of 2-ethylhexanol.

EDWARD R. BUTCHER.