US2394600A - Substituted acid amide antifoggants - Google Patents
Substituted acid amide antifoggants Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2394600A US2394600A US518125A US51812544A US2394600A US 2394600 A US2394600 A US 2394600A US 518125 A US518125 A US 518125A US 51812544 A US51812544 A US 51812544A US 2394600 A US2394600 A US 2394600A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- emulsion
- antifoggants
- fog
- acid amide
- substituted acid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
- G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
- G03C1/06—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein with non-macromolecular additives
- G03C1/34—Fog-inhibitors; Stabilisers; Agents inhibiting latent image regression
Definitions
- This invention relates to log inhibitors for photographic emulsions and to photographic emulsions containing them.
- the film or plate may be caused by the conditions under which the film or plate is stored, such as conditions of high temperature or unusuall long time of storage.
- the nature or the emulsion may also produce chemical fog, as well as the conditions of development of the emulsion, as by development for protracted periods of time or at temperatures above normal. Highly sensitive emulsions are more likely to fog than those of lower sensitivity. We are concerned primarily with general or chemical 08.
- a further object is to provide antiiogging agents which do not markedly lower the sensitivityoi the emulsion.
- an exposed silver halide emulsion in the presence of chioroacetamide or iormanilide, preferably by incorporating one of these compounds in the emulsion.
- These antiioggants may be incorporated inan emulsion particularly a fast negative emulsion, to which may be added optical sensitizing dyes.
- the emulsion may be one which is intended to be used directly after emulsiflcation or one which is subjected to ripening.
- the compounds which we have found suitable for use as antitoggants in photographic emulto the required sions include chloroacetamide and tormanilide,
- Silver iodobromide was precipitated in 0.8% gelatin-solution. Alter precipitation was complete this entire volume oiemulsion wascooled and divided into portions weighing 1643 grams each. To each portion was added enough gelatin to increase the gelatin concentration to approximately 6.6%. Each portion was then heated digestion temperature, that is, about C. and as soon as this temperature was reached a certain amount of the compound to be tested, e. g., 25 grams of o-chloracetamide, dissolved in 300 cc. of methyl alcohol, was added. Digestion was then continued for 30 minutes as the specified temperature and the emulsion was then chilled and stored in preparation (or shredding and washing. One orthese portions received no additions other than the required gelatin and it served as the control for all the portions originating from the same precipitation of silver halide.
- digestion temperature that is, about C. and as soon as this temperature was reached a certain amount of the compound to be tested, e. g., 25 grams of o-chloracetamide, dissolved
- each emulsion was the optimum point for maximum speed and gamma with acceptable fog.
- Unsensitized and panchromatized samples or each emulsion so finished were coated by machine on glass plates. After the plates were dry, a series of sensitometric tats them. The data were then comoi' the check emulsion containtests include initial tests for speed, gamma and fog, made on the day after coating, similar tests plates incubated at F., dry heat, for 14 days and a third set of tests made on a third set of lates after having been kept under tropical conditions for 14 days.
- graphic emulsions In addition to being useful in ordinary non-sensitized emulsions, they may be used in orthochromatic, panchromatic and X-ray emulsions.
- Various silver salts may be used as the sensitive salt such as silver bromide, silver chloride, silver bromiodide, and silver chlorobromide.
- the dispersing agent may be gelatin or other suitable colloid, such as collodion, albumen, cellulose organic derivatives or synthetic resins.
- the amount of the fog inhibiting agent used in the emulsion will depend upon the composition oi the agent and upon the type of emulsion In general, the amount of fog inhibiting agent used will vary from 1 gram to 15 grams per 1000 cc. of. wet emulsion. It will be understood that more or less than this amount however, if a greater amount is used in the emulsion, either no increased fog inhibiting effect is obtained or there is a decrease in the sensitivity may beused. Generally,
- These compounds may be in-.
- any suitable solvent which is inert with respect to the emulsion such as water, methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, acetone and others.
- the fog inhibiting agents which we have descri ed may be used in various kinds of photosion itself, our fog inhibiting agents may also be emulsion which comprises developing said emulsion in the presence of a fog-inhibiting amount of chloroacetamide.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Non-Silver Salt Photosensitive Materials And Non-Silver Salt Photography (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Heterocyclic Carbon Compounds Containing A Hetero Ring Having Nitrogen And Oxygen As The Only Ring Hetero Atoms (AREA)
Description
Patented Feb. 12, 1946 4 UNITED STATES PATENT" ounce SUBSTITUTliD Acl lfmii ANTIFOGGANTS Q George E.
Rochester, N. Y.,
Company, Rochester, N. Y.,
New Jersey No Drawing.
Application January 13, 1944,
Serial No. 518,125
I 3 Claims.
This invention relates to log inhibitors for photographic emulsions and to photographic emulsions containing them.
It is known that photographic emulsions, par- I ticularly ultra-sensitive emulsions, exhibit a tendchemical iog, is formed in a number of ways. It
may be caused by the conditions under which the film or plate is stored, such as conditions of high temperature or unusuall long time of storage. The nature or the emulsion may also produce chemical fog, as well as the conditions of development of the emulsion, as by development for protracted periods of time or at temperatures above normal. Highly sensitive emulsions are more likely to fog than those of lower sensitivity. We are concerned primarily with general or chemical 08.
It is an object of the present invention to provide anti-fogging or tog inhibiting agents for ultra-sensitive photographic emulsions and thereby to preserve the emulsion against deterioration causing iog. A further object is to provide antiiogging agents which do not markedly lower the sensitivityoi the emulsion. Other objects will appear from the following description of my invention.
These objects are accomplished by developing an exposed silver halide emulsion in the presence of chioroacetamide or iormanilide, preferably by incorporating one of these compounds in the emulsion. These antiioggants may be incorporated inan emulsion particularly a fast negative emulsion, to which may be added optical sensitizing dyes. The emulsion may be one which is intended to be used directly after emulsiflcation or one which is subjected to ripening.
The compounds which we have found suitable for use as antitoggants in photographic emulto the required sions include chloroacetamide and tormanilide,
which have the following structure:
o1 cmo ONE. CIHlNIL-CHO Chloracetamidc Formanilide The antiioggant properties oi these compounds were tested as follows:
Silver iodobromide was precipitated in 0.8% gelatin-solution. Alter precipitation was complete this entire volume oiemulsion wascooled and divided into portions weighing 1643 grams each. To each portion was added enough gelatin to increase the gelatin concentration to approximately 6.6%. Each portion was then heated digestion temperature, that is, about C. and as soon as this temperature was reached a certain amount of the compound to be tested, e. g., 25 grams of o-chloracetamide, dissolved in 300 cc. of methyl alcohol, was added. Digestion was then continued for 30 minutes as the specified temperature and the emulsion was then chilled and stored in preparation (or shredding and washing. One orthese portions received no additions other than the required gelatin and it served as the control for all the portions originating from the same precipitation of silver halide.
' After washing, each emulsion was the optimum point for maximum speed and gamma with acceptable fog. Unsensitized and panchromatized samples or each emulsion so finished were coated by machine on glass plates. After the plates were dry, a series of sensitometric tats them. The data were then comoi' the check emulsion containtests include initial tests for speed, gamma and fog, made on the day after coating, similar tests plates incubated at F., dry heat, for 14 days and a third set of tests made on a third set of lates after having been kept under tropical conditions for 14 days. (The tropical conditions are simulated by varyinfl the temperature and humidity through a cycle to reproduce day and night conditions in tropical climates.) Plates for on a second set of each of these tests were developed for 3 minutes at 65 F.ln Kodak D-19 developer which had the following composition:
The results of these tests are tabulated below:
graphic emulsions. In addition to being useful in ordinary non-sensitized emulsions, they may be used in orthochromatic, panchromatic and X-ray emulsions. Various silver salts may be used as the sensitive salt such as silver bromide, silver chloride, silver bromiodide, and silver chlorobromide. The dispersing agent may be gelatin or other suitable colloid, such as collodion, albumen, cellulose organic derivatives or synthetic resins.
In addition to their use in the sensitive emul- Troplcal condition 14- Initial fog tests day inttugition log g fifg g Name oicompound Emulsion Emulsion Emulsion Emulsion Emulsion Emulsion with without with without with without compound compound compound compound compound compound Chloroacetamide 3.1 g. per liter .06 .06 .09 .14 .12 .20 Chloroacetamide 6.3 g. per ten. .05 .06 .07 .14 .12 .20 Ohioroacetamide 12.5 g. per liter; .05 06 .07 l4 10 Formanilide 12.5 g. per liter .04 03 17 36 14 22 The amount of fog was determined by reading the density of the unexposed area of the plate after exposure and development of the emulsion in the usual manner.
;The amount of the fog inhibiting agent used in the emulsion will depend upon the composition oi the agent and upon the type of emulsion In general, the amount of fog inhibiting agent used will vary from 1 gram to 15 grams per 1000 cc. of. wet emulsion. It will be understood that more or less than this amount however, if a greater amount is used in the emulsion, either no increased fog inhibiting effect is obtained or there is a decrease in the sensitivity may beused. Generally,
of the emulsion. These compounds may be in-.
corporated by mixing them with any suitable solvent which is inert with respect to the emulsion such as water, methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, acetone and others.
The fog inhibiting agents which we have descri ed may be used in various kinds of photosion itself, our fog inhibiting agents may also be emulsion which comprises developing said emulsion in the presence of a fog-inhibiting amount of chloroacetamide.
GEORGE E. FALLESEN.
JOHN A. LEERMAKERS.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US518125A US2394600A (en) | 1944-01-13 | 1944-01-13 | Substituted acid amide antifoggants |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US518125A US2394600A (en) | 1944-01-13 | 1944-01-13 | Substituted acid amide antifoggants |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2394600A true US2394600A (en) | 1946-02-12 |
Family
ID=24062658
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US518125A Expired - Lifetime US2394600A (en) | 1944-01-13 | 1944-01-13 | Substituted acid amide antifoggants |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2394600A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2657138A (en) * | 1950-01-03 | 1953-10-27 | Leonard A Robbins | Photographic film developing composition containing beta, beta'-di-chloroethyl ether |
| US3043687A (en) * | 1959-05-04 | 1962-07-10 | Eastman Kodak Co | Photographic colloid transfer process |
| US3957493A (en) * | 1972-12-26 | 1976-05-18 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Thermodevelopable photographic material with N-haloacetamide |
-
1944
- 1944-01-13 US US518125A patent/US2394600A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2657138A (en) * | 1950-01-03 | 1953-10-27 | Leonard A Robbins | Photographic film developing composition containing beta, beta'-di-chloroethyl ether |
| US3043687A (en) * | 1959-05-04 | 1962-07-10 | Eastman Kodak Co | Photographic colloid transfer process |
| US3957493A (en) * | 1972-12-26 | 1976-05-18 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Thermodevelopable photographic material with N-haloacetamide |
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