US2390169A - Valveless engine - Google Patents

Description

Dec. 4, 1945. v POG|OL| 2,390,169

VALVELESS ENGINE Filed June 9, 1941 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Jzven for V/T'R/O POG/L/ Dec. 4, 1945. v. PoGloLl VALVELESS ENGINE Filed June 9, 1941 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 [n ven tor TTU/W0 P06/OLI Patented Dec. 4, 1945 VALVELESS ENGINE Vittorio Pogioli, Milan, Italy; vested ln the Alien Property Custodian Application June 9, 1941, Serial No. 397,246 In Italy June 11, 1940 2 Claims.

Th'e subject-matter of this invention is a valveless engine with feeding cylinders, combustion chamber and Working cylinders.

An object of this invention is the provision of a multiple cylinder, reciprocating piston, engine, adapted to use any suitable fuel and obtain increased efficiency therefrom, Toward this end one or more pistons draw the fuel from a mixing chamber, compress it and force it into a combustion chamber where the compressed fuel is ignited, and one or more cylinders larger in proportion than the compressor cylinders receive the thrust from the ignited fuel and the pistons thereof are reciprocated for useful work. On the return stroke of these larger driving cylinders the fuel is exhausted into the atmosphere.

Combustion takes place in a chamber for this purpose and the work is entrusted to cylinders whose sizes are calculated in such a way as to thoroughly exploit all the heat which, after having been generated by the combustion, will have increased the volumes of the fluid.

Practically, the highest pressure given by the compressor cylinders is equal to that of the combustion chamber as well as that which acts in the working cylinders.

The ducts in the engine shaft and distributor are arranged in such a way as to interrupt communication with the driving cylinders in the suitable position in which the compressor cylinder passage opens. This is because the quantity of fluid which has been admitted into the working cylinders can expand until the volume and heat are exhausted, and act according to an identical diagram both in the stage of compression as well as in the driving stage.

The invention will now be explained with reference to the annexed drawings which is to be considered only as an indicating example which does not confine the range of the invention in any way.

Fig. 1 is a vertical elevation with parts in section, of the engine according to the invention, of the type with cylinders set against each other.

Fig. 2 is a plan with parts in section.

Figs. 3 and 4 are sections on lines 3-3 and 4-4 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 5 is'a detail plan View on a larger scale developed in a plane, of one arrangement of the packing for the shaft.

Fig. 6 is an end elevation of the engine, looking from the left in Fig. 1.

The engine comprises a set of driving cylinders A in line with a second set of compressor cylinders B, two cylinders A and B being shown in Fig. 1 in diametrically opposed positions. Each cylinder B draws the air' and fuel mixture through an inlet duct I0 which puts the fuelmixing chamber II adjacent one end of shaft C (which chamber may also be used if necessary as a filter or purifying chamber) in communication with the compressor cylinders B. The air and fuel mixture sucked from chamber II is compressed and then forced through a second duct I2, which runs into an annular Combustion chamber I3 formed by a container D, which as herein illustrated, is integral with shaft C. A third duct I4 extends through shaft C, and connects the combustion chamber I3 with the driving cylinders A. A fourth duct I5 in the shalt C is the exhaust duct, connecting the said driving cylinders with the atmosphere. The ducts are arranged and positioned in shaft C so that when the aforesaid shaft revolved, the dierent cylinders A and B communicate through the respective ducts, with the proper chambers only at the proper times, whereby the different driving and compressing stages ensue.

The pistons I6 and Il of each pair of aligned cylinders A and B, are coupled to a crosspiece I8 mounted on a cross rod I9 secured at its ends in arms 2U and 2l extending radially of the shaft C and provided with collars 22 and 23 respectively, which with balls or the like interposed encircle eccentrics 24 and 25 keyed on shaft C. To these eccentrics other eccentrics 26 and 2l are connected and as herein shown they are angularly spaced by from the positions of eccentrics 24 and 25. Similarly, collars 28 and 29 encircling the eccentrics 26 and 2l are coupled as mentioned before with the other set of cylinders A and B opposite to that under consideration. Shaft C is supported by roller bearings 30 and 3| in housing F oi' the engine which also carries the sets oi' cylinders A and B.

To guide the pistons and attached movable parts the crosspieces I8 are formed with apertured side extensions 35, which slide upon guide rods 3B fixed to the engmes housing. The guide rods have axial holes 3l to store lubrlcatmg material and lubricate shaft C and extensions a5 by means of auxiliary ducts 31a and 3lb for the lubricating material. 'lo prevent leakage from ducts lu, l2, I4 and I5 of shaft C, the packing segments 4D are positioned in groovesl in said shaft. Fig. 5 illustrates one form of these packing segments, whereby etcient lubrication is secured by spaced recesses 4| in the surfaces of the packing segments 4I which aid in maintaining an oil supply in position to form a continuous' iil'rnof oil on the shaft C.

The combustion/chamber D for the fuel mixture is preferably provided with a large covered port 45 to facilitate access thereto, as for cleaning, and this port can be opened inwardly whenever desired. Ignition preferably takes place within the combustion chamber D, and any suitable ignition means may be provided, as, for example, through the spark-plug 5I) threaded into the end wall of the chamber. Also suitable means may be provided in the combustion chamber to control the turbulence and guide the fuel and so out of correspondence therewith. Simultaneously the duct I2 is rotated into communication with cylinder B so that upon the compression stroke of piston I1 the compressed fuel mixture is forced through duct I2 into the combustion chamber D. The compressed fluid is there ignited and the driving cylinders A receive the expanding fluid after such ignition, the piston I6 in cylinder A being forced upwardly and so driving the engine to keep the engine in motion and effecting useful work in addition to elevating the aligned piston I1 of the companion compressor piston in each set of cylinders. Upon the down stroke of the piston I6 of the driving cylinder A the expanded gases are exhausted through duct I5 to the atmosphere. The rotation of shaft C brings ducts I4 and I5 into correspondence with the driving cylinders A so as to admit the expanding and burned fuel mixture into the cylinders through duct I4 and then to permit exhaustion of the expanded gases to the atmosphere through duct I5. The relative size of cylinders A and B in each set of aligned cylinders is such that maximum efficiency from the expanding gases is approached. A cycle is completed with each revolution of shaft C, and the ducts are brought into correspondence with each of the cylinders without necessitating the use of valves.

What I claim is:

1. A valveless engine comprising a revol shaft having an annular combustion chamber at one end thereof, inlet means for a combustible mixture, a plurality of -compressor cylinders having pistons therein, a duct in said shaft adapted to register in succession with each of said compressor cylinders and said combustion chamber, a plurality of working cylinders larger than the compressor cylinders and having pistons therein, a further duct in said shaft adapted to register in succession with said combustion chamber and each of said working cylinders, exhaust means, eccentrics on said shaft adapted to revolve therewith, and means operatively connecting said eccentrics with said pistons within said cylinders, the relationship between the position of said eccentrics and that of said ducts in the shaft being such as to allow of a complete cycle with each revolution of the shaft, said cylinders being arranged in sets, each set cornprising a compressor cylinder and a working cylinder longitudinally aligned on the same side of said shaft, and the pistons of each set being simultaneously moved in the same directions and for the same distances by said eccentrics during each cycle.

2. In a valveless engine a revolving shaft, a single combustion chamber at one end thereof, a plurality of sets of cylinders, each set comprising a compressor cylinder and a working cylinder wherein the combustion gases are allowed to expand aligned longitudinally of and on the same side of said shaft, said Working cylinder being larger than the compressor cylinder, means for successively causing the compressor cylinder of each set to communicate with the combustion chamber and this latter with the working cylinder, said means comprising ducts provided in said shaft and adapted to register successively with the compressor cylinder and the combustion chamber, and with this latter and the working cylinder during each revolution of the shaft, both cylinders in each set being simultaneously moved in the same directions and for the same distances by said eccentrics during each revolution of said shaft.

VITTORIO POGIOLI.

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