US2379813A - Rayon bobbin spinning machine and method of operation - Google Patents

Description

July 3, 1945.

- G. 1'. Lovl-:RmGE's-rAL 2,379,813

RAYON BOBBIN SPINNING MACHINE AND METHOD 0F OPERATION Filed July 8, 1941 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTORS Elglfagzige a an 07W TTaRNEYs a l :mnu w AVA W July 351945. s. T. LQVERIDGE E-rAL 2,379,813

RAYON BOBBIN SPINNING MACHINE AND METHOD 0F OPERATION Filed July 8, 1941 asheets-sheet s' INVENTORS fil/fnl 7. Laverdge ge drvn oRNEYs 5 SheetsK-Shelet 4 INVE'NTORS Filed July a, 1941 July 3, 1945. G. T. LovERlDGE r-:TAL

`RAIVON BOBBIN SPINNING MACHINE AND `METHOD 01E` OPERATION July 3, 1945- G. T. LOVER'IDGEETAL 2,379,813

RAYON BOBBIN SPINNING MACHINE AND METHOD OF OPERATION Y Filed July 8, 1941 5 sheets-sheet 5 MNH lNvENToRs Zal/endg@ lar .son m fan/m1101274 A OR N E YS mw E Patented July 3i 1945 RAYON BDBBIN SPINNING METHOD F OPERATION Gilbert Thomas Loveridle, Wethersileld, and

Harry E. Carlson, Rocky Bill, Conn.. assirnors y tollartford .Bayou Corporation, Rocky Hill, Conn., a corporation of Delaware l 'Application July 8, i941, Serial No. @1,478

14 cnam. (ci. 24a-4a) The present invention relates to bobbin spinning machines for the production of rayon by the viscose process and method ot operations performed thereby to produce rayonbobbin packages.

A general object oi the invention is the provision'oi' a readily and economically constructed rayon bobbin spinning machine which can be used in the particular eilicient method of the invention to spin unusually large cakes or pack'- ages having unique characteristics particularly adapted to production of a low cost uniform product free from knots which is suitable for market.

A more specific object of the invention is the provision of large packages which make for a material saving in cost of production due to saving in labor and time ior domng.

Another object of the invention is the provision of a unique machine for the production of such redrawing y A Stili ano f er object of the invention is the pro or nlament thereof in any layer orconrse is va package comprising a cake wherein no thread whipped over the shoulders of thecahethereby permitting emcien't redrawins of thread.

n still further object of the invention is the provisiondurins the spinning oi a binding net over the cake which eiectivelyyprotects itior further pri` w1 resulting in reatlyimproved erations.

an undamaged vision ci an emcient method of producing; 'such a package by operation of the present machine whereby the travel 'oi traverse bar e 1 ists thread guide is constantly foreshortened during the period of spinning a cake to produce tapered shoulders over which no thread filament is whipped. l Y

. A furtherfobjectis -tlie provision oi s. method of spinning abolibinv packasein which thethread is so laid down in all co or layers that it can be easily removed by pulling cH substantially endwise of 'the bobbin while stationary without catching. snazgins, stretching or www. thread or component filaments thereof.

. .en auditionsrcbiect is the provision or ssen s.f

mechanism for producinssuch packages by' such Fis?. 7.- i y Prior-to the present invention it was common Other objects of the invention will impart be obvious and will in part appear hereinafter:

The invention accordinsly comprises the sev'` eral steps and the relation of one or more of such steps with respect to each of the others, and the objects of the invention reference should be had to the following detailed description talen in` connection with the accompanying drawings, in

which: f

Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional elevational view oi an embodiment of the machine ofthe present invention -shovving bobbi'ns with cakes spun v thereon: v

Fig. 2 is a transverse cross-sectional view through a spindle supported bobbin, cake thereon and thread guide;

Fis. 3 is an elevational view oi a completed package 'of the present inventio Fisk-i is an explanatory l nl: fo depictionl oi' the formation ofthe tapered shoulders ot the cake;

Fis. 5 is an ersed elevational end view o! a c box unit oi the present invention showing someparts in section and some broken away;

Fis. 6 is a top plan view withparts in section and parte broken away oi 4s. cam box unit shown in F18. 5; v

Fig. 7 is a sectional vicwtaken on line 'l--l ofl Fis. 6; and

Fis. 8 is a sectional view taken on line l`l of practice in making rayon thread in accordance d with the viscoselprocess to use a bobbin. sp

a procedure which is positive in operation, effec-A tive in foreshortenins successivetravel ci thread i the periphery of the cakeas it is guided on tol a 4horizontal bobbin rotating at a slower speed.

and ei'ilcient rsettins': und structural embodieillcient and operation thereof.-

ments which are readilyconstructed and allow machine wherein the composite thread made up of a plurality of illamcnts iscollected untwisted on bobbins. Thereafter @the so-forxned cakesof thread on the bobbins, subsequent to treatment,

must ,be twistedsuh as by a twisting maehine. Each bobbin is placed vertically on a spindle and is rotated at high speed which by centrifugal ac.A

tion causes the thread to "balloon" away from This rotating of the bobbin 'carrying the cake from which the thread is ballooned" imparts a twist. The spinning formed from suit- 3 u 55 able material such as aluminum, wasl limited in cam 8l.

.the rack 44 is provided with a stub shaft 41 upon which is journaled the fulcrum of a bell crank 48. One end 48 of the bell crank 48 is forked as shown in Fig. 8 to provide a pair of spaced apart arms 88, 88 between which is spanned a pin 8| carrying a pair of spaced apart cross-heads '82, 82. An enlarged/hole 488 through the traverse bar 28 receives the pin with the cross-heads '82, 52 slidably mounted in grooves in opposed sides of provided in the side of Aan elongated member 88- pivotally mounted within lthe casing 2| by a stud 88. This permits desired tilting of the slides to alter. the angle. or position of the bell crank 48 to vary. the distance of travel imparted to the transversebar 28 as will be explained more fully hereinafter.

'rhs` angie of nit of the slides se and s1 is to be varied in accordance with a predetermined plan of operation and for this purpose is provided with an arm 8i -havingy mounted on the end thereof asegmental gear 82. In fact the structure 58-82 logically can be considered to be a segmental gear structure pivoted at 88 and provided with a pair of slides 88'and 5l.

. A worm gear 88 suitably journaled in asupport 88 pivotally mounted about an axis 88 carries a driving pinion'88 meshed with a worm gear 81- on a shaft 88 having its axis in coincidence with the axis 88. The shaft 88y is coupled by a suitable coupling member 88 to the stub shaft 18 :lournaled inthe wall or control panel 88.

The end of theK stub shaft 18 carries a ratchet 1| mountedfor rotation' therewith providing means for. driving the worm gear 88. The ratchet 'ii is rotated clockwise 'step-by-stepby va pawl 'i2 eccentrically mounted on a stub shaft 88 by means of an eccentric block .18 having its axis odset from the axis of shaft 38 and positioned.

between a pairof plates 18, 'i8 mounted and held in position on the shaft 88 in any suitable manner such as by a collar linterposed'between the 3 walls of the casing 8| and coupled bya suitable coupling member 8| to a stub shaft 82 which in turn is iournaled in the wall or control panel 85 and has affixed thereto a handleV 88 adapted for manual operation. Shaft 88 also carries a reset arm 84 rotatable therewith to engage a pin 88 mounted on the segmental gear 82 so that as the cam 18 is rotatedto permit the spring 11 to lift the worm gear 88 out of engagement with the segmental gear 82, the arm 84 will be rotated counterclockwise to engage the pin 88 and return the segmental gear to its initial position.

Although not essential to the invention it is desired to provide the mechanism with an alarm system comprising Van arm 88 pivoted to the casing 8| with a nose 87v thereon projecting through the casing'to engage a switch arm 88 adapted to operate a` suitable switch. such as a microswitch, in an electrical circuit including an alarm device.l Itwill be seen from an inspection of Fig. 'l thatas the segmental gear 82 is rotated to the left the arm 88 is pivoted against the restoring .f

force of` a biasing spring 88 finally to engage the switch arm 88 and cause closure of the alarm An indexing device is providedv for predetermining the greatest length of travel of th'e traverse bar 28. This comprises a plunger 88 iournaled in a portion of the frame structure in the casing 8| and adapted to have its lower end en- Gaged by `slome portion of the tiltablle planular slide device, such as anose member 8 I. The upper end of the plunger 88 is engaged by an arm 82K xed 'upon an index shaft 88 joui-naled in casing 8| and adapted to be coupled to a stub shaft |88 Journ'aled in wall or control panel 85 carrying an index arm 84 provided -with a spring ybiasing detent de'- vice 88 adapted selectively to be engaged in a y series of index holes or recesses 88, 81, 88, 88 and |88. The arm 84, when in a position so that detent 88 engages 'the recess 88 provides for a seventeen inch travel of traverse bar 28 and when in.

imposition shown in Fig. 5 with the detest in engagement with the recess |88 provides for asixteen inch travel. The intermediate recesses provide ouarter inch variations between sixteen and seventeen inches in thetravel of the transverse shank of the driving gear or sprocket 88 andthe eccentricstructure. Thus as the drive shaft 34 is operated to rotate the heart cam 8l this ratchet and pawl structure is operated to rotate step-bystep the segmental gear structure carrying the e slides |58 and 8l.

To permit disengagement of the lwormgear 88 from the segmental gear 82 so that the latter may be reset to initialpositlon after having beenv moved by the worin gear to its final position, that is moved to theextreme right in Fig. 7, the end -of the worm gear shaft |83 is biased away from the segmental gear 82 by suitable means. Such means may comprise a spring Il havingone thereof attached to the casing 8| and the other end connected to the end of the worm gear shaft with suitable provision for permitting free relativerotation.- The worm gear 88 is held in eii.-- Agagemerit with the segmental gear 82, stressing biasing, spring 1l, by a cam 18 engaging a plate 18 on the top of the mounting bracket 84. Cam

181s mounted-upon a shaft 88 Journaled in the' etici bar.

The casing 8i provides an oil-tight pan strucure forming a cam box in which may be mounted an oil pan |8| associated with oil conduits |82- |82 leading to various bearings in`a manner not indicated in detail since this feature is not essential to the invention and details thereof will be obvious to anyone skilled in the art. A drain plug f |88 may pe-provided in the bottom of the cam bor: for draining oil oil.

In operation; with empty bobbins 2|-2i mounted upon spindles |5|8, threads |8|8, each comprising aiplurality of `filaments, are drawn up over the glass guide hooks Ii--Il and afterioperation of the machine is commenced so' that the bobblns are rotating ends of the threads are given a wrap around the bobbins which will immediately be overlaid by a cross-wound strand to vseoureitin position. Operation of the machine is such that the bobblns are rotated and Athe' traverse bar 28 reciprocated through driving mechanism including a constantly and infinitely variable speed reducer which gradually reduces at sdenite predetermined rate the speed of rota-L tion of che spindles |8=| 8 and the speed oftravel of the traverse bar 28 to compensate for the gradual increase in diameter of th'e cakes as they are built up in successive layers on the bobbins and f f t u 'further to provide for a constant rate of take-up of the threads by the bobbins while compensating for' the constant foreshortening of traverse travel layers of the cake. y

n each revolution of the drive shaft 3l by the rotates therotonet 1| step-by-step se that the duringthe spinning of the successive courses or sprocket 38 from the speed reducer the pawl 12 shaft 1s rotates the shaft es which m tum throughthe worm gear 81 rotates the spur gear il. The spur gear B6 rotates worm gear 83 which step-by-step advances the segmental gear 82 from an initial position predetermined by the index means.` Thi's index means as previously indicated comprises arm 94, shaft 93, arm l2 and plunger 8B which' bears against the nose Bl on the tiltable slide member il. Assuming that this. latter mechanism has been set for a sixteen inch travel of the traverse bar Il, that is with the detent 8l in engagement with the recess IM, the traversebar 2e during the winding of a rst course or layer of thread upon thel bobbin will cause the guide hook segmental gear 62 and return the latter to initial4 II to lead the thread. from one end of the bobbin to the other through an axial distance of seven,- teen inches. 'lfhen the lsegmental gear 62 will be advanced a step by the previously .described mechanism to reduce the angle of tilt of the slide member 5l. This will cause the traverse bar to vcarry the guide hook I1 a foreshortened distance so that the next course or layer wound upon th'e bobbin will be of less length than the preceding course thereby preventing any thread or filaments thereof overlapping the ends of the first course. This operation is repeated through the maior por: tion of the spinning period between doiis of iinished packages, each of the succeeding courses or layers of cross-wound thread being foreshortened 4to provide sloping sh'oulders in the cakes over which no illaments are' whipped.

J'lhe reciprocation of the traverse bar 2li with j such foreshortening is obtained by means of operation of the heart cam 31 which reciprocates the carriage/ 39 through a predetermined travel of uniform distance. The fixed rack 43, pinions 4 2.-

l2 and the carriage mounted movable i rack M multiply or doublethis distance in travel. Accordingly the carriage 4B carries bell crank Il periodically back and forth a uniform distance with' follower or cross-head B5 sliding back and forth am the inclined slides il and 51. /This in turn asvaai's traverse bar is gradually fur-t er foreshortened.

shortest travel during the sp ofacakebeing obtained when the tiltable slide member has been tilted away from the horizontal at an angle about equal to the angle of tilt for maximum travel. This latter condition is indicated on Fig. 7 by the broken line Y. Variations in such relationships of course will produce diiferentoperations while still making for step-by-step foreshortening of.'

travel of the traversebar.

A unique method of making bobbin packages' of rayon can be accomplished by' operation of this mechanism. Fox-"example after a cake of crosswound thread of suitable size of the character indicated has been built up of successive layers on a bobbin and when the alarm indicates that the predetermined limit of foreshortening/oi' travel has -been reached, thc travel foreshortening mechanism can be reset to its initialposition by rotating the reset shaft I2 by the manual lever Il. This will disengage the worm gear Il from the position wherein greatest travel of traverse bar 2U is obtained; Inthat position suitable-'indexing means (not shown) which may be used if desired. will indicate the precise 'position in which the thread of the worm gear Il will mesh with teeth of the segmental gear 82 so that when the shaft l2 is then rotated in the reverse direction by means of the hand lever 83, the worm gear 6I will again bemeshed with the segmental gear' 62 and a few maximum-length courses or layers of thread can be spun upon the ilnished cake to provide a binding net. Thereafter the machine is stopped and the finished packages of unique structure, each comprising a bobbin carrying a cake with sloping shouldershound into a stable condition by covering nets, are doild or replaced on the spindles by empty bobbins.

This procedure pernutstne meiet formation of unique cakes many times the size of cakes' previously known in the industry and accordingly makes for economy in time and labor necessary to doiiin'g operations, which desirably cheapens the manufacture of high quality yarn even though the present invention requires an intermediate step of redrawing. 'Ihe redrawing opeuses the beu cranserm ss to reciprocate tne traverseba@ 20. with the cross-heads 524-52' pro- 'Vidin for the necessary freedom of movement' Amille of tilt, length of travel about one-half that provided during one period of spinning be ing' obtained when the slide member 59 is substanhorizontal', `that is when the slide-surface is muy parallel to tno' -patn or the mici-um ofthe bell crank 4L That condition obtains in i the present mechanism with the arms-of the bell eration, comprising transfer of the thread from these large packages to smaller bobbins which are then mounted in twisting machines. is a much more economical operation than the frequent laborand time-consuming operations essential to doiling. ,A

Although onlyone cam box unit has been indicated inJ the presentl drawing, it is to be understood that a plurality-thereof may be used in a single machine with respective sliafts coupled together for simultaneous operation so that a number of traverseV-bars may cooperate to support laterals from which the said guides are dependent. To this end all/shafts Journaled in a cam box unit extend through the walls thereof on both sides to b e coupled by suitable coupling `oraal: being located substantially at right anglesi ,to each other and with the axis of the fulcrum lying substantially in the same horizontal planey in which the pivotal axis of the slide member is As theslide member!! is'then gradually tilted away from the horizontal in the re'- members or devices as in'the manner of coupling those shafts to the operating stub shafts iournaled in the machine wall."

It will thus `be seen that among the practice of the present invention and since certain changes may be made in carrying out the above process.' and modincations effected in the apparatus for practising the principle thereof,

verse directionb'y continuing the rotation of segwithout departing from the scope ofthe inven- 4 tion. it isintended that all matter contained in mental gear in the same direction the travel of the 76 the above'description or shown in the accompanyl others, the objects set forth above are eiiiciently attained by other end Aprovid substantially a cake.

and specific features of the invention herein described, and all statements of the scope of the invention which, as a matter of language, might b e said to fall therebetween.

Having described our invention, what as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is: 1. In arayon bobbinspinning machine, the

' combination comprising, a traverse bar carrying a thread guide; means for reciprocating said traverse bar including a member pivotally mounted to said bar at one point, pivotally mounted at an` other point on reciprocable means adapted for travel of uniform distance `and having riding means at a third point; a tiltable plane/surface we )claim-A over which said riding means is adapted to slide? o. and means for changing step-by-step the angle of tilt of said surface to decrease step-by-step the successive travels of.. said bar substantially throughout the period of spinning a cake.

2. In a rayon' bobbin spinning machine, the.`

combination comprising, a traverse bar carrying a thread guide; means for reciprocating said traverse bar including a bell crank having one end pivotally mounted tosaid bar, the fulcrum car- .ried by driven reciprocating means adapted for travel of uniform distance and the other end provided with a follower, a tiltable planular slide engaged by said follower; and means for chang- 'ing step-'by-step the angle of tiltl of said vslide to decrease step-by-step the successive travels of said'bar substantially 'throughout lthe period of spinning a cake.

3. In a rayon bobbin spinning machine, the combination comprising, a traverse bar. carrying a thread guide; means for reciprocating said traverse bar including a bell crank having one end pivotally mounted to said bar, the fulcrum being carried by driven reciprocating means adapted for travel of uniform distance and the other end provided with a follower; a tiltable planular slide engaged by said follower; means for changing step-by-step the angle of vtilt of said slide to decrease `step-by-step the successive travels of said bar substantially throughout the period of spinning a cake; and means for resetting the tiltend pivotally mounted to said bar, the fulcrum,` being carried by driven reciprocating means adapted for travel of uniform distance and the 4with a follower; a tiltable planular slide engaged by said follower, and-gearing driven by a ratchet device for changing stepby-step the ang-le of tilt-of said slide to decrease step-by-step the successive travels of said bar throughout the` period of spinning '5.- In a rayon bobbin spinningsmachine, the combination comprising, a traverse bar carrying a threadv guide; means for reciprocating said traverse bar including a bell crank having one en'd pivotally mounted on said bar, the fulcrum being carried by driven reciprocating 'means adapted for travel of uniform distance and the other Vend -provided with za' follower; a tiltable planularvslide engaged by said follower, said slide being pivotally .mounted at a fixed point vand Ihaving' gear teeth; a chain ofge'arshaving the driven one thereof meshed with said gear teeth and a'step-bystepratchet to actuate the driving gear of said chain for-changing step-by--step'the angle of tilt of said slide to decrease step-by-step the successive travels of said bar substantially throughout the period of spinning a cake.

6; In a rayon bobbin spinning machine, the

l combination comprising, a traverse bar carrying a thread guide; means for reciprocating said traverse bar including a, bell crank having one end pivotally'mounted to said bar, the fulcrum beingcarried bya driven reciprocating means adapted for travel of uniform distance and the other end provided with a follower; a tiltable planular slide engaged by said follower, said slide being pivotally mounted at a fixed point and having segmental gear teeth; a worm gear meshedV with said gear teeth; and means including a stepby-step ratchet to actuatesaid worm gear for changing step-by-step the angle of tilt of 'said slide to decrease step-by-step the successive travels of saidl bar substantially throughout the period of spinning a cake. y

7. In a rayon bobbin spinning machine, the combination comprising, a traverse bar carrying a thread guide; means for reciprocating said traversecbar including a bell lcrank having one end pivotally mounted to said bar, the fulcrum being carried by driven reciprocating means adapted for vtravel of uniform distance and the other end provided with a'follower; a segmental gear pivotally mounted ata' fixed point and having a pair of opposed planular slides between which said follower is adapted to ride; a worm gear meshed with said segmental g'ear;` and means including a step-by-step ratchet to actuate 8. In a rayon bobbin spinning machine, the

combination comprising, a traverse bar carrying.

a` thread guide; means .for reciprocating said traverse bar including a bell crank having one end pivotally mounted to said bar, the fulcrum being carried( by .driven reciprocating means `adapted for travel of uniform distance and the other end provided with a follower; a segmental .gear pivotally mounted at a fixed 4point and having a pair of opposed planular slides between which said follower is adapted to ride; a worm gear pivotally mounted about a driving shaft and in one position meshed with said segmental gear;

means including a 'step-by-step ratchet to actuate said worm gear through the driving shaft for changing step-by-step angle of tilt of saidslides to decrease step-by-step the successive travels of said bar substantially throughout the period of spinninga cake; and means to disengage said.

worm gear from said segmental gear and to return the latter to initial position for .repeating 4 operation.

9. In a rayon bobbin spinning machine, the

combination comprising, 'a traverse bar carrying closing an alarm circuit having a member en- Vgageable by said slide at a predetermined `position; and means for resetting the tilt-changing means toits initial position.

IIL-In a rayon bobbin spinning machine. the

s,evee1s` Y i crank adapted to slide along said surface. and

means for changing step-by-step the angle of tut er said surface to decrease step-by-step the combination comprising. a traverse bar carryr f,

traverse bar including a bell crank having one fendpivotally mounted to` said bar, the fulcrum being carried by driven reciprocating means adapted for travel of uniform distance and the other end'prvided with a follower; a tiltable slide being pivotally mounted at a iixed point and having segmental gear teeth; a worm gear pivotaliy mounted about a drivingl shaft and in one position meshed with said gear teeth; a

. spring biasing said worm gear away from said gear teeth; cam means to hold said worm gear in mesh with said gear teeth; means associated with said cam means adapted to` engage said slide to 'return it to initial position when said worm gear is disengaged; and means including a step-by-step ratchet to actuate saidworm gear for changing step-by-step the angle of tilt of said slide to decrease step-by-step the successive travels of said bar substantially throughout the periodof' spinning a cake..

11. In a rayon bobbin spinning machine, the

combination comprising, heart cam means, .a 'member reciprocable by said means. a bell crank having its fulcrum carried by said member, a reciprocatively mounted traverse bar carrying a thread guide for movement substantially parallel to the a'xisy of a bobbin rotating member and engaged by one end of said bell crank, a tiltable a thread guide; means for reciprocating said' .planular slide engaged by said follower. said 4loin rotating member and engaged by one` end of successive travels of said bar substantially throughout the period of spinning a cake.

13. In a rayon bobbin spinning machine, the

combination comprising, a rotatable heart cam, a reciprocatively mounted carriage carrying cam followers, a pinion gear mounted on said` ucarriage, a iixed gear rack meshed with said pinion, asecond reciprocatively mounted car riage having a gear rack meshed with said pini "ion, a bell crank having its fulcrum carried by said second carriage, a reciprocatively mounted traverse bar carrying a thread guide for movement substantially parallel to the axis of a bobsald bell crank, a tiltable plane surface. a. follower on the other= end of said bell crank adapted to slide along said surface, and meansfor changing step-by-step the angle of tilt of 'said surface to decrease step-by-step the successive travels 'of L said bar substantially throughout the period of spinning a cake.

14. Method oi making a cross wound package of rayon comprising, reciprocating a thread iliaplane surface, a follower' on, the other end of said bell crank adapted to slide along said surface, and means for-changing step-by-step the of tilt of said surface to decrease step-bystep the'successive travels of saidbar substantially'throughout the period of spinning a cake. 12. In a rayon bobbin spinning machine, the

combination comprising.- heart cam means. ua

rack and lpinion gear multiplier mechanism operable by said cam means, a member reciprocable by said mechanism, a bell crank having its fulcrum carried by said member, a reciprocatively mounted traverse bar carrying a thread guide for movement substantially' parallel to vthe axis oi a bobbin .rotating vmember' and engaged by one end-oi' said bell crank. a tiltabl face, s 'renoveren thelemer ewiger iisd' ,beu

Plane sur-v layer is formed by movement of said guide l through the .relatively short final travel to-produce a ilnished cake, resetting the traverse mechanism prior to doiling the package to pro duce the initial long travel of -said guide which ,is longer than that employed in forming the nrst layer of thread maments wound on the bobbln, and reciprocating vsaid guide through the iirst few long travels while drawing thread iilaments across it onto the rotating finished cake to wind a crosswise binding net of,a iew layers around the cake, with the nrst layer of the net being longer than the first cake layer of thread illsments wound on the bobbin and the remaining layers of the net being progressively shortened.

GILBERT DT. LOVERIDGE. HARRY CARLSON.

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