US2379155A - Heating and circulating device - Google Patents

Description

HEATING AND CIRCULATING DEVICE Lyman C. Huff, Chicago, Ill., assignor to Universal Oil Products Company, Chicago, 111., a corporation of Delaware Application June 8, 1942, Serial No. 446,318 Claims. (Cl. 126-3435) The invention relates to a heating and circulating device which, although adaptable to many other uses, is particularly intended for reducing normally solid materials, such as salt mixtures, for example, to molten or fluid state, heating the fluid to the desired temperature and circulating the Same through suitable ehuipment wherein it is employed as a convective medium.

Numerous chemical processes, including many of the catalytically promoted hydrocarbon conversion processes now being rapidly adopted by the refining industry, must be conducted at carefully regulated, relatively high temperatures. It is often convenient to control the reaction temperature by circulating a convective fluid through the reaction zone in indirect contact and heat exchange relation with the reactants undergoing conversion therein, the temperature of the cir culating convective fluid being maintained at a level which will keep the reaction temperature within the desired limits.

Certain materials which are solid at atmospheric temperature and molten or fluid at the temperature required for controlling the particular reaction to be conducted have been found particularly useful for this purpose. They in-- clude such materials as low melting point metals and alloys, eutectic and non-eutectic mixtures of two or more metal salts, mixtures of diphenyl and diphenyl-oxide, mixtures of metal-nitrates and nitrites and the like. The physical and chemical characteristics of.many such materials have been determined and the material to be employed may be selected to suit requirements. Its specific composition does not constitute a part of the present invention.

The invention is directed to an apparatus suitable for use as a storage reservoir for such material for reducing the same to molten or fluid state, for maintaining it at the required temperature and for circulating the same from the storage reservoir through the equipment wherein it serves as convective fluid back to the storage reservoir.

The features and advantages of the invention will be apparent to those familiar with the art from an inspection of the accompanying diagrammatic drawing and the following description thereof. A

The drawing is an elevational view, shown principally in section, of one specific form of the apparatus provided by the invention.

Referring to the drawing, the vessel here illustrated comprises .;a vertically disposed, substantially cylindrical outer metal shell I provided with substantially elliptical upper and lower heads 2 and 3,respectively, and provided with supporting lugs l for mounting the same on a steel. framework or other supporting structure, not illustrated. Heat-insulating material, of any desired form, indicated at 5, is preferably provided about the outer walls of the vessel to prevent .the excessiveloss of heat therefrom to the atmosphere.

A duct 6 of suitable metal or alloy is provided within the vessel and extends from the lower head 3, to which it is bolted, as indicated at l,

upwardly to an opening 8 provided through the upper head of the vessel. The duct 6 is provided at its upper end with a flange 9 which isbolted to the upper head 2, as indicated at Ill, and serves as a closure plate for opening 8. The'duct is preferably so constructed that it may be re moved from the vesselthrough opening 8 when flan e 9 is detached from head 2 and the bolts at I are "removed.

The lower portion of ductB, in the case illustrated, is lined as indicated at H, with a substantial thickness of refractory and heat insulating material, such as a mixture of fire-clay and exfoliated vermiculite or other insulation with a suitable binder, such as high alumina cementfor example, and a refractory burner block I2 is provided at the lower end of the duct.

Circumferential corrugations are provided, as indicated at [3, in the wall of duct 6 throughout a substantial portion of its length, and the upper portion of the duct comprises the concentrically disposed inner and outer walls I4 and I5, respectively, these walls being spaced apart to provide aconflned annular zone Hi therebetween, the purpose of which will be later described. A substantially conical section I! of duct 6 joins its corrugated portion with its walls I 4 and I5 and a member 18, preferably formed'of suitable refractory material, such as fire-clay or the like, is suspended, as indicated at l9, within the duct immediately beneath the conical section l1.

A suitable burner 20.for fluid fuel, such as'gas or oil, is provided beneath the vessel adjacent burner block l2, the mouth of the burner being enclosed by a suitable air-regulating device, such as indicated, for example, at 2|. Fuel is supplied to the burner through line 22, controlled by valve 23, and air for mixing with the fuel in the burner may be supplied thereto through the conventional air-regulating device at theouter end of the burner.

The upper end of duct 6 communicates through flue 25 with a suitable stack, not shown, and in the case illustrated duct 25 is secured to the upper head of the vessel by the same bolts which hold flange 9 in place.

A body of the material to be heated and circulated is maintained within the vessel in the annular space between duct 6 and shell I, the approximate normal level of this material being indicated in the drawing by the broken line 26. Heat is supplied to this material from duct 6 when burner 20 is fired, the lined lower portion of the duct serving as a combustion zone. Since the lining l I preferably comprises both heat-insulating and refractory material the lower portion of the duct is protected from the hottest flames and the transmission of heat through the duct to the lower portion of the body of material undergoing heating is restricted.

The corrugations 13 in the wall of duct 6 serve to increasethe transfer of heat therethroiigh to the surromidmg body of material in the vessel, and member l6 assists iii-maintaining a high heat transfer rate 'througnthe' ductto. the upper portion of said body both by restricting the crosssectional area of the duct at this point, so that the velocity of the combustion gases flowing around member l8 over the corrugated wall of the duct is increased, and by acting as a heatradiating body. Thus, both the radiant and convection components are increased in the corrugated portion of the duct most remote from the burner and at the approximate level of the upper portion of the body of material to be heated.

Combustion gases after their passage around member I8 flow throughthe space defined by the inner wall it of the upper portion of the duct and thence through flue- 25 and from the system. To recover useful heat from the combustion gases in that portion of the duct extending above the normal level 26, above mentioned, and to reduce the stack temperature, fluid from the main body of material being heated in the vessel is returned after its circulation through the reactor or other equipment, not illustrated, wherein it serves as convective fluid, through line 21 into the space l6 between the walls H and I whereiniit is preheated prior to its return to the main body within the vessel. The preheated fluid from the con-; flned space l6 flows from the upper portion of this zone through a port 28 provided therein into the annular space between the duct and the shell of the vessel, to commingle therein with the main body of fluid undergoing heating in this space.

For effecting circulation of the heated fluid from the main body thereof within the vessel, through the equipment wherein it serves as a convective fluid, back to the vessel, a pump 29 is provided. Although the specific form and construction of this pump is not a limiting feature of the invention, I prefer to employ a. pump such as disclosed in my co-pending application Serial No. 444,327 filed May 25, 1942, which is particularly designed for this class of service. The pump 29 is of the centrifugal or rotary type with an impeller, not shown, disposed in the lower portion 30 of the pump case which is immersed in the body of the material undergoing heating within the vessel, the pump taking suction from this body at its lower end through member 3| and discharging the heated fluid through outlet connection 32 on that portion of discharge duct 35 which extends outside the vessel. The pump impeller is driven through shaft 33 by any suitable means, such as an electric motor or a turbine, notillustrated, and the shaft is packed at the outer end of the case as indicated at 34. The

case of the pump comprises an elongated discharge duct 35 connecting the discharge side of impeller chamber 30 with the discharge nozzle 32. Member 35 is connected to and extends through a flange 96 which is bolted, as indicated at 31. to a flanged member 38 provided on the shell of the vessel. Preferably, member 38 extends from beneath level 26 to above the same so that by unbolting flange 36, the entire pump assembly may be removed from the vessel without drawing down the liquid level in the vessel.

It will be understood, of course, that when a normally solid material is to be heated within the vessel and used as convective fluid, the vessel is initially charged with the solid material in subdivided form by dumping it into the vessel through a suitable charging port, such as indicated at 39, which is normally closed by the bolted flange or coverplate 40. After the vessel is thus chargedanid port 39 is closed, the material is melted and reduced to a molten or fluid state by regula'te di flring of burner 2| before pump 29 is started. After it has reached the desired temperature the pump may be started and circulation of the convective fluid established.

During operation, while the apparatus is being fired, member 6 will normally be at a substantially higher temperature than the shell of the vessel and will tend to expand a greater amount than'the shell. The difference in longitudinal expansion and contraction between the shell of the vessel and member 6 is accommodated in the corrugated section l3 of member 6. Thus, the corrugated section l3 not only serves to increase the heat dissipating surface of member 6 and thereby increase the heat transmitted to the surrounding body of material undergoing heating within the vessel, but it also serves as an expansion device to prevent the development of excessive stress, as a result of differential expansion and contraction between the member 6 and the shell of the vessel.

The substantially vertical disposition of member 6 within the body of material undergoing heating is also advantageous in operations wherein the material employed as convective fluid is solid under conditions which prevail within the vessel when it is not in operation. When it becomes necessary to shutdown the process for any reason and firing of the device is discontinued, the convective fluid stored within the vessel and drained back thereto from the reactor or other device through which it is normally circulated will solidify upon cooling. This material may be drained from the vessel while hot, through drain line H and valve 42, but it is desirable to retain it therein to avoid the necessity for grinding or pulverizing the same and recharging the vessel prior to subsequent operation thereof. Difficulties would be encountered in melting or liquefying the solid mass except for the disposition of member 6 in a substantially vertical position or in a position such that it extends from the lower portion of the vessel to or above the level of solid material. Otherwise, material melted or liquefied in the lower portion of the mass before its upper portion becomes molten will be trapped beneath the solid mass and, upon expansion due to its increased temperature, may cause serious damage to the apparatus. With member 6 disposed and constructed in the manner provided, the material immediately adjacent this member will be quicklyr liquefied and the hot liquid will flow along the wall of member 9 to the upper portion of the mass regardless of which section ber 6 also assistsin preventing the aforementioned difficulties upon starting the device by reducing the heat input to the lower. portion of the .mass of solid material. Member I8 igalsoof assistance in this respect since it serves to increase the heat transmitted to the upper portion of the:

mass. 7

I claim as my invention::

r. An apparatus of the class described comprising, in combination, a substantially. cylindrical and vertically disposed closed vessel, a heating duct extending within the vessel. from the lower'endto the upper end'thereof, means adjacent the lower. end of the duct for projecting hot combustion gases upwardly therethrough, means for removing combustion gases from the upper end of the duct, an annular space being zone about the "upper portion of said duct, means for admitting material to be heated to said con,

fined zone, and means for directing material from said confined zone into said annular space.

2. An apparatussuchas defined in claim 1,

4 wherein said duct is lined adjacent its lower end with"refractory and'heat-insulating material.-

provided between said duct and the wall of the vessel for the reception of a mass of material to be heated, means for admitting material to be heated to said annular space and means for discharging heated fluid from said annular space and from the vessel, walls forming a confined- .wallrintermediate 3. An apparatus such as defined in claim 1, wherein saidduct is secured adjacent'its opposite ends to opposite-ends of the vessel and isqpi'ra 1 vided with circumferential corrugations in its vessel. I

4. An apparatus such as defined in claim 1, wherein insulation is provided on the lower portion of said duct, and wherein corrugations are provided in the wall of the duct above the insulation. I a

5. An apparatus such as deflnedinclaim 1. wherein insulation is provided on the lower portion of said duct and wherein a refractory member is positioned within the upper portion of the duct, said refractory member being spaced from the wall of the duct to provide a zone or restricted flow' therebetween for the combustion gases.

'LYMAN c;

its'pointsioi attachment to the

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