US2378864A - Carburetor - Google Patents

Description

June 19, 1945. A. J. RASCOV GARBURETOR 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed March 14, 1944 IN V EN TOR.

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J. RASCOV June 19,1945;

' Y C-ARBURETOR Filed March 14. 1944 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented-June f9,

UNITED STATES PA E T oarce CABBUBETOB Anthony J. Bascov, Union Township, Clermont County, Ohio Application March 14, 1944, Serial No. 528,384

'7 Claims. ((1261-90) "This invention relates to animproved carburetor, primarily for use in connection with internal combustion engines. as the medium for vaporiaing volatile hydrocarbon liquids and the mixing of air therewith in a preliminary treatment and for the carbureting ofair for an engine fuel in its dellvery to the engine chamber orchambers. The carburetor may be said to possess compound characteristics, exalted by centrifugal action producing-improved and superior results, not

-fuel from said charging chamber into ,said carpossible by what may be termed a still type of carburetor conventionally employed.

'Anobject'- of the invention is to provide an internal combustion engine carbureting apparatus as aduct for conducting air from the atmosphere to the .engine with an impeller for inducting and moving air through the duct from the ing supply and for gyrating the liquid to promote and induce vaporization of the liquid fuel.

Another object is to provide a carburetor with a liquid fuel charging and gyrating chamber having a fuel mixing chamber disposed concentrically therein and in communication therewith and an annular channel concentrically about said charging chamber having an inlet open to the atmosphere and in connecting with a duct for l conducting the combustible mixture to the enbureting chamber to carburet the propelled air. Another object is to'provide a carburetor of simple and compact structure having power driven rotative means incorporated therein. for

impulsively moving the liquid fuel to promote vaporization, cyclonically moving air from the atmosphere admitted into the carburetor and centrifugally discharging the fuel into the moving air for carbureting the same.

Various other features and advantages of the invention will be more fully set forth in the description of the accompanying drawings exempliglue, the channel in communication with the mixing chamber through an impeller exposed to the channel for inducing the influx and movement of the air in said channel and for jetting the fuel therein for carbureting' the'moving air. Another object is to provide a carburetor within an' inner liquid fuel charging chamber arid an outer air carbureting chamber, the chambers in concentric arrangement, with an impeller in- 'terposed therebetween for, gyrating the liquid mel -within the charging chamber to promote vaporization of the liquid fuel, to propel the air in said carburetlng chamber and radiantly Jet the fying a preferred embodiment and forming apart hereof, in which:

Figure 1 is afront elevation of the improved carburetor,

Figure 2 is an enlarged section taken on line 2, 2, Figure 1.

Figure 3 is an enlarged section taken on line 3, 3, Figure 2.

. Figure 4 is an enlarged section taken on line 4,

4, Figure 2.

Figure 5 is acentral vertical section, through the carburetor.

" Figure 6 is an enlarged detail section of the I float-operated valve, correspondingly as shown in Figure 5, for controlling the liquid fuel inlet into the vaporizing chamber.

Figure '1 is an enlarged detail section, illustrating in side elevation the counterbalanced valve for air intake into, the mixing chamber and the beak for feeding liquid fuel into the mixing chamber, correspondingly as shown in Figure 5.

Figure 8 is an enlarged transverse section through the liquid fuel feeding beak.

Referring to .the drawings, l indicates the casing ofthe carburetor, preferably circular in contour, and its setting will be described with its axis in a horizontal planefistationing the casing vertically. The circular contour of the casing provides a peripheral or rim portion, interlorly formingannular channel or chamber 2, semi-circular in cross section The rim at one side is joined, integrally, by a side wall forming the body of the casing'"having a central hub l, integrai-therewith andextending laterally from the exteriorside, for journaling a shaft 5, entering into thecasing, as the driving means for an impelier within and housed by the casing.

The opposite side of the casing provides an opening for the area within the semi-circular cross-sectional rim, to permit of the assembly insertion ofthe impeller and the opening is sealed by a cirbular closure cap or plate t, annularly fixed to the casing by a plurality of uniformly spaced screws. The closure plate 6, has a central boss 1, extending from its outer or exterior side providing an annular recess 8, within its inner side, having an air inlet opening 9, through the upper side of the boss. The inner side of the boss of the cover plate has a stud l0, extending centrally therefrom and projecting into the casing, coaxially with the shaft 5, to provide a journal for the impeller. The outer end portion of the stud I'll, is counterturned and covered by a cap ll, slightly short of the length of the countertum, the spacing between the end of the cap and adjoining shoulder of th stud formed by the counterturning, formingan annular channel l2," about the stud and intermediate of the length thereof. The annular channel I2, is in registry with an annular channel ll, radially within an end wall or flange ii, of the impeller IS, the wall having a journal support upon the cap and stud as aunit.

The stud I 0, has a bore i1, longitudinally therein, as a liquid fuel supply duct into the carburetor, opening to the exterior side of the boss I, for

connecting a feed conduit l8, therewith. A radialor transverse port IS, in" the stud and through Chub. 2|, of conical form, the flange or hub capping plate 'or end wall It, and the opposite body wall 22, of the impeller and therefore concentrically surrounds the stationary stud it, of the casingl.

The port is, is controlled by a check valve 23, housed within a valve casing 24, engaged and fixed into the-stud Ill. The regulating movement of the check valve 23,-is governed by a float 26, within the liquid fuel accumulating portion of the chamber 20, having a supporting arm 21, extending fromithe rear end of the float and pivotally mounted upon a'bracket 28, extending from the stud cap H. The outer end of the float arm 21, carries a float counter balancing weight 29. The float'arm 21, has a lip 30, extending from its inner edge for engagement with the outer end of the checkvalve 23. 1

The float 26, is of arc form longitudinally, to partially encompass the stud III, which it underlies, thereby accommodates for a maximum arc of swing within the conflrres of the annular .or cylindrical fuel supply and vaporizing chamber 23. The lower side of the float has a fin 3|, projecting therefrom in line lon itudinally of the float. The upper side ofthe float is engaged by a flat spring 32, fixed to the outer side of the stud cap Ii; exerting its pressure to move the float shifting normally under the velocity of the revolving cylindrical wall or shell of the hub 2i. The liquid therefore is constantly subjected to the turbinate action of therevolving cylindrical wall or the conical hub 2|, of the impeller which sweeps beneath the pool sustained thereon, carry-' ing a fllm of liquid fuel therewith, eflecting a rapid vaporization thereof. The liquid of the fllm the cap ll, communicatively connects the duct to the centrifugal action and the radial inclination of the wall away from the axis toward the body wall 22, of the impeller.

The fuelvaporizing chamber is open to an induction port 35, through a curved plate 36, across the mouth of a snout 31, laterally extending from th periphery of the cap II, and radially of the cylindrical wall of the hub 2|. The curved plate .36, is concentric with the surface of the cylindrical wall of the hub 2|, and slightly spaced therefrom, the spacing providing a passage for the film.-

wall of the mixing chamber 33, and at itslowerside, with the cylindrical wall of the cap, a pasage 39, in communication with the annular chan nel i2, and the registering annular channel ll, of the impeller.

An air. inlet passage l0, longitudinally h n 'the stud i0, adjoiningly to the liquid fuel inlet passage i1, is open to the atmosphere at the outer side of the boss of the carburetor casing and the opposite end of said air inlet passage 40, is in communication with the mixing-chamber 33, con-' trolled by-a flap valve 4|, within the mixing chamber 38. I

The flap valve 4|, has a stem 42, projecting therefrom and is pivotally mounted upon a pivot pin 43, J'ournaled in a snout 31, of the cap ll.

"exterior of,the carburetor for accessibility and accumulating portion of the chamber 20. The

normal liquid level whenthe engine is stationary,

is approximately as indicated by dotted line, 33, in Figure 5. The-spring serves to stabilize the float against undue quiver or vibration due to the turbulence and motivation of the liquid resulting from the rotative motion of the impeller.

The liquid fuel as it is drawn or siphoned into the chamber 29, thus accumulates in a pool in;

The stem 42, has a counterbalance weight 44, fixed upon its outer end.,. The weight M, is a semispherical form and. slightly. protrudes through the induction port. 35, and is centrally notched circumferentially to provide a channel 45, in its face side.

The flap valve ll, is yieldingly urged against its seat by a spring 46, having one end flxed to the valve stem 42, andits opposite end engages the end of a spring tension regulating rod 41, slidably engaged through the stud It, to the manual operation.

A hook-shaped needle or beak 43', having its underside of channel to is mounted upon the axis of the float and disposed within the central channel 45, in the forward side of the'counter the needle, therefore is'exp'osed to the conveyed or moving fllm of liquid carried by the turbinate hub of the impeller. for interception of aportion of 'the transgressing liquid to be picked up thereby and injected into the' lateral passage 33. The liquid as it is intercepted by of the valve 'stem- 43, and operates independent thelower wail portion of the chamber-,the pool 73 the needle moves under centrifugal force about and within the channel in its underside and annular tail extension thereof for delivery into the passage 33. The needle swings on the axis .of the valve and its free endor po nt is on a ing axis, in plane with the valve or its seat, at which position the needle is in a position of closest proximity to the surface of the revolving hub ofthe impeller, and any controlling movement thereupon shifts the beak or point end away from the inner-surface of hub.

The needle is manually adjusted-by a crank 49, within the mixing chamber 38, having a crank or eccentric connection with a rod 50, extending longitudinally through the stud It, for

. accessibility from the front side of the carburetor casing.

As the mixing chamber 38; is constantly open to theliquid fueland vaporizing chamber 20,

through the induction port 35, some of the -liq-. uid fuel may splash or be inducted through the port, which is collected by and confined within a trough in the lower portion'of the snout 31, formedby a flange or cross wall gapping the inner end of the snout, the wall being of a heighth to extend above the levelor plane of the lower extremity of. the induction port 35. The wall, at its base is pierced, providing a minute duct or port 2, leading, into the pas- ,sage 19, at the base of the mixing chamber 38.

Therefore the accumulation of liquid in the trough within the mixing chamber is limited,

as any surplus will drain or flow back through the induction port 35, into the vaporizing chamber 2|.

The aerated vapor from the mixing chamber.

under the action of the impeller is drawn from the passage 39, into the annular passage or chamber ll, in the front wall'of the impeller, from whence it passes through 'a series of angular and radial ducts I8, for ajetting or dispersing centrifugal discharge of the aerated vapor from the perimeter of the impeller into the annular channel 2, within the carburetor casing.

The radial portion of the ducts 5!, are formed bykerfs or grooves cut' into the outer surface of the rear wall 22, of theqimpeller. The ducts I, are preferably in symmetric arrangement, uniformly spaced and in alignment, each with a respective radial vane 85, of the impeller.

The impeller comprises a plurality of uniformly spaced vanes 16, extending radially of and laterally from the inner face "side of the rear or body wall 22. and periphery of the hub or cylindrical shell 2!, the wall and hub merge in a curved surface for the base of the spacing between the vanes. The 'spacingbetween the vanes toward the axis ofthe impeller is in communication with the annular recess or air cham-- her 8, within the inner side of the boss centrally of the front side of-the carburetor casing,

' while theopposite or outer end is in communication with annular air chamber 2, of the cas- Thc impeller draws or siphons the air towards its axis and discharges it centrifugally into the annular chamber 2, from whence after being carbureted with the gaseous vapor it is conveyed through the discharge passage I, opening eccentricall'y into the annular chamber 2, to an' engine cylinder or manifold. The discharge passage I, is controlled by a butterfly valve 51, having its axis extending through the casing for making an actuating connection therewith.

in a starting period of the engine, the imrate of speed, sufllcient, however to cause aforward shifting or surging of the liquid pool in.

the base of the annular liquid fuel vaporizing chamber 20, resulting in a spill of liquid through the induction port 36, .into the trough within the mixing chamber 3|, and a seepage discharge through the duct 52, into the passage 39, at the base of the mixing chamber 38. From the passage the fuel is subjected to more violent action of the impeller and centrifugally injected into the carbureting chamber or channel 2, for

in radiant lines, as distinguished fromv a single needle controlled point.

The liquid fuel admission controlling float 2, with the carburetor in a dry state, is in full open check valve controlling position for a siphoning of the liquid fuel into the vaporizing chamber N, and the valve regulatively moved to its closed position and seated when the minimum liquid fuel level is reached. -Any forward surging of the' liquid pool resulting from the rotation of the cylinder of the impeller may cause a slight deflection onthe float and opening of the valve and also. to compensate for fuel consumption,. its control being automatic as governed solely V by 'the liquid level within the vaporizing chamher. a material increase results in the radiant discharge of the fuel, correspondingly there is a,coordinated increase in the volume of fuel vaporization, as the-liquid fuel iscarried'in a film upon the rotativesurface of the hub or cylindrical shell of the impeller, together with the turbulent action administered to the liquid. This permits the use of a lower octane grade of liq- I uld fuel.

u peller, in a transmission connection with the engine; rotates at a comparatively slow or reduced The pressure within the vaporizing chamber II, will cause an opening of the air intake controlling flap valve 4|, unless interfered with by the. positive control through the application of excessive pressure of the spring 48, for a preliminary mixing of the vaporized fuel and air. Any rareflcation of atmosphere, as upon reaching higher altitudes, pressure against the air valve is diminished permitting the valve to move in a closing direction, correspondingly reducing the volume of air admitted and mixed with the vaporized fuel within the mixing chamber 2|,

thereby materially altering the specific gravity.

of the vapor.

The carburetor provides an exceedingly compact structure, easily assembled, with the automatic control elements all mounted upon the cover of the casing and unitary therewith. The carburetor may be said to possess three chambers) fuel interconnected and in concentric arrangement, with a mixing chamberlcentrally thereof and surrounded by an annular liquid fuel holding and'vaporizing chamber formed by the cylindrical hub ofan impeller and therefore rotative therewith for influencing the contents of the chamber formed thereby. Thev'aporizing chamher is in communication with the central mixing chamber for the admission of both vapor and liquid fuelinto the mixing chamber. A third As the velocity of the impeller increases,-

annular carbureting chamber surrounds the vaporizing chamber with the impeller interposed between said chambers. The impeller serves a compound function, as for the administration of air and radiant jetting of the fuel'into the carbureting chamber. j I

Having described my invention, 1 claim:

1. Internal combustion engine carbureting apparatus which includes a duct for connection to the engine for conducting air from the atmosphere to the engine, an impeller for moving air in said duct from the atmosphere to the engine and for jetting fuel into the duct for carbureting the moving air therein, a valve for regulating the passage of combustible mixture from said carbureting apparatus to the engine, a liquid fuel charging chamber within the hub of the impeller,

the hub providing a turbinating surface for the liquid fuel for vaporization thereof, said chamber in conduit connection through the impeller with said duct for jetting the fuel therein, and a float actuated check valve for controlling the liquid fuel feed into said chamber, having its float within said chamber, controlled by the liquid level supply therein.

2. Internal combustion engine carbureting apparatus which includes a duct for connection to the engine for conducting air from the atmos-- phere to. the engine, an impeller for moving air in said duct from the atmosphere to the engine, a valve for'regulating the passage of combustible mixture from said carbureting apparatus to the engine, a liquid fuel charging chamber within the hub of the impeller, the hub providing a turbinating surface for the liquid fuel for vaporization thereof, said chamber in conduit connecthe liquid fuel feed into said chamber having its float within said chamber controlled by the liduid level supply therein and a mixing chamber in communication with said liquid fuel vaporizing chamber and having a valve controlled opening to the atmosphere for the admission of air therein, said mixing chamber in communication with said duct through the impeller for jetting the fuel therein.

bustible mixture to the engine, the channel,-

through the spacing between the radial vanes 01 the impeller in communication with the atmosphere through an air inlet port in the casing, the

impeller having a hub providing a liquid fuel charging chamber, a section of the casing protion with said duct for introducing the fuel therein to carburet the moving air, and a float actuengine,-a liquid fuel charging and vaporizing chamber within'the hub of the impeller. the hub providing a turbinating surface for the liquid fuel for vaporization thereof, a float actuated check valve for controlling the liquid fuel feed into said chamber having its float within said chamber controlled by the liquid level supply therein and a mixing chamber in communication with said liquid fuel vaporizing chamber and having a valve controlled opening to the atmos'phere for the admission of air therein, said mixing chamber in communication with said duct for introducing th air mixed fuel therein.

4. Internal combustion engine carbureting apparatus which includes a duct for connection to the engine. for conducting air from the atmosphere to the engine, an impeller for moving air truding into said hub and providing a, journal 6. A carburetor for internal combustion englues, comprising: a casing, an impeller journal'ed within the casing having a plurality of radial vanes, the casing forming an annular channel about the impeller and having a duct extending tangentially from the channel and in communication therewith for conducting the I combustible mixture to the engine, the channel,

in said duct from the atmosphere to the engine and for jetting fuel into the duct for carbureting the moving air therein, a valve for regulating the passa e'of combustible mixturefrom said carbureting apparatus to the engine, a liquid fuel surface for the liquid fuel for vaporization thereof, a float actuated check valve for controlling through the spacing between the radial vanes of the impeller, in communication with the atmostherein, a float actuated check valve for controlling the liquid fuel feed into said charging chamber, the float for said check valve within said charging chamber for governing its valve actuating movement by the liquid volume level in said chamber.

7. A carburetor for internal combustion engines, comprising: a casing, an impeller journaled within the casing having a plurality of radial vanes, the casing forming an annular channel about the impeller and having a duct extending tangentially from the channel and in communication therewith for conducting the combustible mixture to the engine, the channel,

through the spacing between the radial vanes of the impeller, in communication with the atmosphere through anair inlet port in the casing, the

impeller having a hub providing a liquid fuel charging chamber, a section of the casing protrudin: into said hub and providing a iourn support therefor and having a mixing chamber therein in communication with said charm chamber, air and liquid fuel intake ducts in said canine section respectively in communication with said mixing and charging chambers and ducts in said impeller for communicativcly connecting said mixing chamber and annular channel for eentrifugally jetting the fuel into said annular channel for carburetinz the moving air 10 asvaeesl chamber, and a'pressure actuated valve within said mixing chamber, for regulating the passage o'i' air irom said air intake into'the mixing chamberc ANTHONY J. RASCOV.

therein, a noa't actuated, check valve for control-

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