US2373245A - Method of tipping projectiles - Google Patents
Method of tipping projectiles Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2373245A US2373245A US477737A US47773743A US2373245A US 2373245 A US2373245 A US 2373245A US 477737 A US477737 A US 477737A US 47773743 A US47773743 A US 47773743A US 2373245 A US2373245 A US 2373245A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- metal
- core
- bath
- tipping
- flux
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 16
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 57
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 57
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 16
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] Chemical compound [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- ASTZLJPZXLHCSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxido(oxo)silane;manganese(2+) Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O ASTZLJPZXLHCSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007500 overflow downdraw method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of tipping metal bodies, and more particularly to a method of tipping the cores of small projectiles or bullets.
- One object of the present invention is to provide a new and improved method of tipping metal bodies.
- Another object is to provide a new and improved electric fusion method of tipping a small projectile core with metal having an analysis different from that of the core to produce an integral projectile having core and tip segments of required physical characteristics.
- the projectile core is moved into spaced proximity to a bath of molten metal of an analysis suitable for producing a tip of desired analysis, and electric current discharged through said core and said metal bath and across the intervening gap to fuse one end of the core.
- the fused core end is then dipped into the metal bath, the electric current shut off and the core withdrawn from the metal bath.
- this core is so withdrawn, some of the metal from the bath adheres closely to and is integrally consolidated with the fused end of said core, and when solidified forms a tapering tip on said core.
- the bath of molten metal is maintained under a protective blanket of flux, and the fusion current discharged from the core while said core is submerged in said flux.
- Fig. l is a horizontal section of an apparatus which may be employed to carry out the method of the present invention.
- Fig. 2 is a vertical section of the apparatus taken on line 2-2 of Fig. 1."
- the method of the present invention is carried out in a furnace l0 containing a bath of molten metal ll of the analysis required to produce the projectile tip of desired analysis.
- This furnace I0 may be of fire clay, graphite or other suitable refractory material as shown, or may be of metal cooled by a suitable cooling medium such as water.
- the molten metal II is of hardenable composition. and for that purpose may contain carbides of such metal as titanium, tantalum and tungsten.
- This metal Ii is kept in molten condition in the furnace III by any suitable means.
- one or more electrodes I2 spaced from the surface of the metal II by a current discharge gap and submerged in a protective blanket of flux I3, may be employed to generate enough heat in the furnace ill to maintain said metal in fluid state.
- These electrodes I2 may be of the consumable or non-consumable type, and the metal I I grounded or otherwise connected in the circuit of said electrodes. As the metal Ii is expended in producing the projectile tips, replenishment is effected by the addition of the necessary ingredients in the metal bath.
- electrodes I2 are of the consumable type shown, these may furnish at-least part of the ingredients of the metal bath I I, and may be of tubular construction as shown, in which case the other necessary ingredients may be supplied in fluent form into the furnace in through the respective hollows of said electrodes.
- the molten flux or slag is which floats on the surface of the metal bath II, refines the fused metal, protects the metal against atmospheric contamination and insulates it against rapid heat losses.
- This flux I3 may be of any suitable composition which does not produce an objectionable amount of gas under the influence of an electric discharge. Flux comprising silicates or components of silicates, such as manganese silicate, calcium silicate, aluminum silicate, glass and the like have been found suitable for this purpose.
- a projectile core I5 to be tipped is removably clamped in an electrode chuck or holder I6 connected in the electric curcuit of the metal bath II, and is of extremely tough metal which does not fracture upon impact.
- the core I5 is submerged in the flux l3 into position B with the lower end of said core spaced from the upper surface of the metal bath I I by a current discharge gap.
- the core fusing current is on, and when said core reaches position B, current is discharged from the lower end of said core and across the gap. This current discharge generates enough heat to fuse the lower end of the core I5.
- the core end After proper fusion of the core end in position B, the core end is immersed in the metal bath II by being moved into position C.
- the fused core end is protected from atmospheric and other contamination by the flux I3, and is therefore in proper condition for eflective consolidation with the tip metal of a the bath i I when immersed therein in position C.
- sired tapering form by any suitable means, as for example by a grinding operation.
- the tipping operation may be recurrently car ried out automatically by supporting four cores I! in the difierent positions shown, and moving these cores simultaneously into their next successive positions.
- These cores I! may be operated intermittently into diflerent successive positions, and the operations in positions B and C carried out during pauses in the movement of said cores.
- the cores I! may be moved continuously without cessation through the difierent positions.
- the core I! in that phase may be moved continuously over the surface of the metal bath il while current is being discharged across the gap with the gap maintained of a substantially constant width.
- the fused core I! can be dipped into the metal bath in phase'C without interrupting movement of the core towards one side of the furnace l0.
- the method of the present invention can be applied to the tipping of small arm cores, as for example those employed in cartridges of the copper jacketed type, or may .be employed to tip the cores of projectiles of larger sizes.
- my method may be employed to apply a head, appendix or tip on a. metal body of any other form or shape.
- the method of tipping a metal body which comprises producing a bath of molten metal under the current discharge action of an electrode submerged in a protective blanket of iiux, submerging one end of said metal body in said flux. discharging electric current through said metal body and said metal bath and across the intervening gap submerged in said flux to fuse the flux submerged end of said body, immersing the fused end of said body in said bath, shutting of! the fusion current, and withdrawing said body from said bath with metal of said bath adhering to and integrally consolidated with the fused end of said body.
- the method of tipping a projectile core which comprises discharging fusion current across a gap intervening between the core and a bath of molten metal to fuse one end ,of' f said core while maintaining said gap and. said bath of molten metal beneath a depth of molten flux, immersing the fused end of said core in said'bath, shutting off the fusion current, and withdrawin said core from said bath with metal of thebath clinging to and consolidated with the fused end -of said core to form a tip for said core.
Description
Aprill w, 1945.
R. K. HOPKINS METHOD OF TIPPING FROJECTILES Filed March 2, 1943 INVENTOR K066 1 517 gofi'a'rw ATTORNEY atented Apr. 10, 1945 METHOD OF TIPPING PROJECTILES Robert K. Hopkins, New York, N. The M. W. Kellogg Company,
Y., assignor to New York, N. Y.,
a corporation of Delaware Application March 2, 1943, Serial No. 477,737
I Cl. 117-52) Claims.
The present invention relates to a method of tipping metal bodies, and more particularly to a method of tipping the cores of small projectiles or bullets.
In certain forms of small projectiles or bullets such as those of th copper jacketed type, it is desirable to provide a core of extremely tough metal which does not fracture upon impact, and a tip made of a metal which is extremely hard andwhich therefore is not easily workable.
One object of the present invention is to provide a new and improved method of tipping metal bodies.
Another object is to provide a new and improved electric fusion method of tipping a small projectile core with metal having an analysis different from that of the core to produce an integral projectile having core and tip segments of required physical characteristics.
In carrying out the method of .the present invention, the projectile core is moved into spaced proximity to a bath of molten metal of an analysis suitable for producing a tip of desired analysis, and electric current discharged through said core and said metal bath and across the intervening gap to fuse one end of the core. The fused core end is then dipped into the metal bath, the electric current shut off and the core withdrawn from the metal bath. As this core is so withdrawn, some of the metal from the bath adheres closely to and is integrally consolidated with the fused end of said core, and when solidified forms a tapering tip on said core.
As another feature of the present invention, the bath of molten metal is maintained under a protective blanket of flux, and the fusion current discharged from the core while said core is submerged in said flux.
Various other objects, features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following particular description, and from an inspection of the accompanying drawing, in which Fig. l is a horizontal section of an apparatus which may be employed to carry out the method of the present invention; and
Fig. 2 is a vertical section of the apparatus taken on line 2-2 of Fig. 1."
The method of the present invention is carried out in a furnace l0 containing a bath of molten metal ll of the analysis required to produce the projectile tip of desired analysis. This furnace I0 may be of fire clay, graphite or other suitable refractory material as shown, or may be of metal cooled by a suitable cooling medium such as water.
ill
The molten metal II is of hardenable composition. and for that purpose may contain carbides of such metal as titanium, tantalum and tungsten. This metal Ii is kept in molten condition in the furnace III by any suitable means. For instance, one or more electrodes I2 spaced from the surface of the metal II by a current discharge gap and submerged in a protective blanket of flux I3, may be employed to generate enough heat in the furnace ill to maintain said metal in fluid state. These electrodes I2 may be of the consumable or non-consumable type, and the metal I I grounded or otherwise connected in the circuit of said electrodes. As the metal Ii is expended in producing the projectile tips, replenishment is effected by the addition of the necessary ingredients in the metal bath. If the electrodes I2 are of the consumable type shown, these may furnish at-least part of the ingredients of the metal bath I I, and may be of tubular construction as shown, in which case the other necessary ingredients may be supplied in fluent form into the furnace in through the respective hollows of said electrodes.
The molten flux or slag is which floats on the surface of the metal bath II, refines the fused metal, protects the metal against atmospheric contamination and insulates it against rapid heat losses. This flux I3 may be of any suitable composition which does not produce an objectionable amount of gas under the influence of an electric discharge. Flux comprising silicates or components of silicates, such as manganese silicate, calcium silicate, aluminum silicate, glass and the like have been found suitable for this purpose.
A projectile core I5 to be tipped is removably clamped in an electrode chuck or holder I6 connected in the electric curcuit of the metal bath II, and is of extremely tough metal which does not fracture upon impact. From position A, the core I5 is submerged in the flux l3 into position B with the lower end of said core spaced from the upper surface of the metal bath I I by a current discharge gap. During the movement of the core l5 from position A to position B, the core fusing current is on, and when said core reaches position B, current is discharged from the lower end of said core and across the gap. This current discharge generates enough heat to fuse the lower end of the core I5. After proper fusion of the core end in position B, the core end is immersed in the metal bath II by being moved into position C. The fused core end is protected from atmospheric and other contamination by the flux I3, and is therefore in proper condition for eflective consolidation with the tip metal of a the bath i I when immersed therein in position C.
sired tapering form by any suitable means, as for example by a grinding operation.
During the tipping operation described, some of the fused metal of the core II will be deposited inand admixedwith the metal bath II. The analysis of this metal bath ll, however, may be Asthecoreliis held constant by means of the electrodes l2 and the addition of other ingredients if necessary.
The tipping operation may be recurrently car ried out automatically by supporting four cores I! in the difierent positions shown, and moving these cores simultaneously into their next successive positions. These cores I! may be operated intermittently into diflerent successive positions, and the operations in positions B and C carried out during pauses in the movement of said cores.
If desired, the cores I! may be moved continuously without cessation through the difierent positions. For example, during phase B, the core I! in that phase may be moved continuously over the surface of the metal bath il while current is being discharged across the gap with the gap maintained of a substantially constant width. When the desired fusion of the core end has been produced, the fused core I! can be dipped into the metal bath in phase'C without interrupting movement of the core towards one side of the furnace l0.
The method of the present invention can be applied to the tipping of small arm cores, as for example those employed in cartridges of the copper jacketed type, or may .be employed to tip the cores of projectiles of larger sizes. A far as certain aspects of the invention are concerned, my method may be employed to apply a head, appendix or tip on a. metal body of any other form or shape.
As many changes can be made in the above method, and many apparently widely different embodiments of this invention can be made without departing from the scope of the claims, it is intended that all matter contained in the above description or shown in the accompanying drawing shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.
I claim:
1. The method of tipping a metal body which comprises fusing one endof said body by subjecting said end to electric current discharge while said end is submerged beneath the surface oi a depth of molten flux. immersing the fused end of 881d body in a. blfl'i 0f molten metal hi7!!! am-analysis diiferent from that'ot said metal body. and withdrawing said metal body from said bath with metal from said bath adhering to and integrally consolidated with the fused end of said metal body.
2. The method of tipping a metal body which comprises submerging one end of said metal body in a blanket of flux floating on a bath of molten metal, discharging electric current through said metal body and said metal bath and across the intervening gap submerged in said flux to fuse the flux submerged end of said body, immersing the fused end of saidbody in said bath, shutting oi! the fusion current, and withdrawing said body from said bath with metal of said bath adhering to and integrally consolidated with the fused end of said body.
3. The method of tipping a metal body which comprises producing a bath of molten metal under the current discharge action of an electrode submerged in a protective blanket of iiux, submerging one end of said metal body in said flux. discharging electric current through said metal body and said metal bath and across the intervening gap submerged in said flux to fuse the flux submerged end of said body, immersing the fused end of said body in said bath, shutting of! the fusion current, and withdrawing said body from said bath with metal of said bath adhering to and integrally consolidated with the fused end of said body.
4. The method of tipping a projectile core which comprises discharging fusion current across a gap intervening between the core and a bath of molten metal to fuse one end ,of' f said core while maintaining said gap and. said bath of molten metal beneath a depth of molten flux, immersing the fused end of said core in said'bath, shutting off the fusion current, and withdrawin said core from said bath with metal of thebath clinging to and consolidated with the fused end -of said core to form a tip for said core.
ROBERT K. HOPKINS.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US477737A US2373245A (en) | 1943-03-02 | 1943-03-02 | Method of tipping projectiles |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US477737A US2373245A (en) | 1943-03-02 | 1943-03-02 | Method of tipping projectiles |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2373245A true US2373245A (en) | 1945-04-10 |
Family
ID=23897146
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US477737A Expired - Lifetime US2373245A (en) | 1943-03-02 | 1943-03-02 | Method of tipping projectiles |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US2373245A (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2657458A (en) * | 1949-01-29 | 1953-11-03 | Rca Corp | Method of joining copper members |
-
1943
- 1943-03-02 US US477737A patent/US2373245A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2657458A (en) * | 1949-01-29 | 1953-11-03 | Rca Corp | Method of joining copper members |
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