US2356307A - Hydrocarbon fuel burner nozzle construction - Google Patents

Description

o. FORTIS 2,356,307

HYDROCARBON FUEL BURNER NOZZLE CONSTRUCTION Aug. 22, 1944.

Original Filed April 3, 1941 FIGZZ. 5 7

Mm TOR OSCAR FORT/.5

' B 4; f. a ATTORNEY est proportions. leased by the high pressure dry steam -materially Patented Aug. 22, 1944 HYDROCARBON FUEL BURNER NOZZLE CONSTRUCTION Oscar Fortis, Chicago, 111., assignor to JaclrW.

Hearst, Chicago, Ill.

Original application April 3, 1941, Serial No. 386,576. Divided and this application March 27, 1943, Serial No. 480,780

- Claims. (01. 299-140) This is a divisional application from the original application, Serial No. 386,576 filed April 3, 1941, on Hydrocarbon fuel burners, now Patent No. 2,315,482 of March 30, 1943.

This invention relates to a hydrocarbon fuel burner nozzle construction, whereby heavy grade oils may be consumed with maximum efiiciency.

While I have shown in the accompanying drawing a preferred embodiment of my invention, yet I wish it understood that the same is susceptible of modification and change without departing from the spirit of my invention.

One of the main features of the invention relates to an injector nozzle of novel construction which embodies a feeding orifice that can be regulated to supply the required amount of oil to maintain a burner flame of any proportion from a pilot light to the maximum size of the furnace pit. This is accomplished by the provision of a three-part injector nozzle having an outer casing connected to the steam and oil feed pipes, and provided with an exit orifice of larger diameter, a sleeve member within the'casing having a tubular extension coaxial with the outer casing orifice and a reces'sedring cavity in alignment with the oil supply port, the cavity having an orifice of tear-drop or ellipsoidal outline, positioned in the cavity out of direct line with the oil intake port, and a piston spindle or rotatable valve stem extending within the sleeve and adapted to regulate the size of the tear-drop orifice to supply oil to the nozzle outlet orifice.

Another feature of the inventionrelates to the proportioning of the tear-drop orifice to the outlet mouth of the nozzle in which the outlet is of greater diameter than the maximum diameter of the'orifice so that capillary action of the heavy fuel does not occur either at the mouth or the orifice due to the large dimensions of the mouth and the specific shape of the orifice.

'-A further feature relates to the cooperative relation of the oil outlet of the nozzle and the surrounding steam propelling force which exerts a pulling action on the oil-particles and under the pressure? conditions in operation completely atomizes or breaks up the particles'tothe small- In addition the hydrogen reincreases the chemical reaction of the oil'particles' 'so'that the flash temperature is reduced. Fig.1 is an enlarged view, principally in'c'rosssection; of the injector nozzle of this invention showing the relationship of the various elemental parts entering into the assembly thereof; Fig: 2

' of the bore of and Fig. 3 is an enlarged top view of of the oil feed assembly of the nozzle showing is an end view of the nozzle outlet looking in a direction indicated by the line 2-2 of Fig. 1; a section the relation of the oil admitting aperture and the piston regulation stem which controlsthe flow of oil to the combustion chamber.

The nozzle l8 which forms the primary controlling element of this inventionwhereby the many advantages and efficiencies derived from the practice of this invention may be realized is shown more fully in Fig. 1. The nozzle includes a cylindrical outer casing or barrel 44 having a tapered mouth portion or extension 45 and two threaded nipples or arms 46 and 41 extending in opposite directions from the barrel and being offset with respect to each other on opposite sides of the barrel just beyond the tapered portion 45. The opposite end 48 of the barrel is internally threaded and the inner bore of the barrel is reamedto a smooth finish up to and including the annular seat 49 which is positioned intermediate the arms 45 and .41 and closer to the inlet port 43 of the arm 45. The inner portion of the barrel 50. beginning at the seat and extending beyond the steam port 43 is reduced in diameter and the energy orifice 5| is tapered toward the open end of the mouth portion 45 of the nozzle so that the wall of the mouth portion increases in diameter to form a jet for the pressure feed of the superheated steam supplied to the inlet port 43.

An internal sleeve member 52 is concentrically mounted within the barrel 44 and is rigidly secured therein by a threaded portion 53 which coacts with the end 48 of the barrel, the major portion of the sleeve being the exact diameter the barrel to form a substantial seal against the leakage of the oil. The sleeve member 52 isformed with an enlarged annular head 54 external to the rear end of the barrel and carries an indexing or graduated drum or dial 55 having indicia marked on the circumference as shown in Fig. 1. The forward end of the sleeve 52 beyond the seat 49 of the barrel is formed with a reduced diameter injector extension 56 which terminates in a plane of the tapered barrel mouth and forms therewith an annular orifice 51 for supplying the highpressure steam to the ignition chamber.

The orifice 51 is of restricted area atthe exit thereof to insure the generation of high pressure and uniform distribution of the steam on all sides of the'injector extension 56. The sleeve 52 isjalso provided with a wide undercut; gap or 55 recess 58 on its external surface slightly behind the main oil storage tank and being refilled when necessary by a suitable hand pump. This arrangement avoids any difficulties attendant with the use of electric power. since the small reservoir may have a capacity to accommodate the oil requiredfor a day or more of operation, a small electric pump maybe provided to replenish the auxiliary gravity feed reservoir automatically without the occurrence of any inconvenience due to intermittent- "power failure during severe storms.

The large gap 58 in the sleeve forms a flood chamber for the oil supplied to the nozzle and the outlet therefrom is an orifice 6| of tear-shape or ellipsoidal form. The shape of theorifice fil and its relative position with respect to opposite ends of the gap 58 is shown in Fig. 3 in which the larger diameter of the orifice is adjacent the rear or main body of the sleeve while the smaller diameter or apex is adjacent the bevel [i2 leading from the gap to theshoulder of the-sleeve located in the seat 49. The gap or recess 58 is wholly segregated from the interior of the sleeve except through the orifice Bl so that the 'oil fuel held therein will flow uniformly to the mouth of the nozzle. Furthemore, the particular configuration of the orifice facilitates the accurate control of measured quantities of fuel to the ejector end of the nozzle to regulate the size of the fiame 'from a mere pilotfiame to the capacity of the furnace pit.

The interior of the sleeve 52 is provided with a bevel seat 63 substantially in alignment and coaxial with the shoulder of the sleeve. This seat then merges into a bore 6 4 extending to the end of the internal extension 56 which is the main 'fuel injector passageway for supplying oil to the flame. The diameters of the bore, the sleeve seat 63 and the interior of the sleeve are all greater than the largest effective diameter of the orifice 6| so that thelatter ofiers the smallest diameter for the -oil fiow. Furthermore, due to the elongation of the orifice and the divergent side surfaces of the orifice, the oil fuel does not block or .choke .thefiow by capillary action regardless of the viscosity of the oil. This is a particular advantage when heavy hydrocarbon fuels are used a as intended in accordance with this invention in which fuels of the No.5 and No. 6 grades or heavier crude oils are contemplated. These oils have B. t. u. ratings from 140,000 to 150,000 .in comparison to the No. 2 oil having a rating substantially from 75,000 to 110,000. It is evident that the'heavy crudes generate enormous thermal energy vupon ignition per unit volume in contra- -:distinction to the'lighter crudes mentioned above.

Accordingly, when efiicient diffusion takes place in the nozzle of this invention under the pressure and chemical conditionspresent, the utmost heat of combustion is realized.

A piston stem 65 extends with a push fit into thesleeve52 and isprovided with an inner ground :end 66' which a'ccurately'fits the bevel seat 53. lIn-this position the orifice 6 l is completely closed 'so that the'oil is prevented from flowing to the mouth of the nozzle. The stem 65 is retracted On the other hand} a ing of the orifice 6| by a knob or hand disc 61 rigidly fastened to an extension 68 projecting rearwardly from the indicating dial 55, the degree of retraction of the stem being indicated by the pointer 69 which cooperates with the graduations on the dial 55. The piston stem is secured in the sleeve 52 by a threaded portion 10 which turns in the internally threaded end of the sleeve adjacent the dial 55 If desired a labyrinth packing H may be provided within the sleeve to fur- ;therseal the stem from oil leakage.

Inoperation, dry steam in leaving the emerging end 51 of the nozzle produces a vacuum ac- 'tionadjacent the oil supply orifice 64. The regulation of the piston stem permits the heavy oil fuel to flow through the orifice El and under the action of the annular steam jet, the oil is drawn out of the extension 56, propelled and diffused into a fine mist adapted to be readily ignited to produce a flame.

Having thus described my invention, I claim: 1. In a burner assembly, a nozzle adapted for conversion of heavy hydrocarbon fuels comprising a cylindrical outer barrel having a tapered front portion with an open mouth, and integral with and rearwardly of said front portion, two threaded tubular arms communicating with the interior of said barrel, a sleeve rigidly secured within said barrel and having a central bore, said sleeve having a reduced diameter front portion coaxial and coextensive with said tapered front portion of said barrel, forming a passageway therebetween and terminating at the open mouth of the barrel and forming therewith an annular orifice, one of said tubular arms positioned just beyond the front portion of said barrel and communicating withsaid passageway and said annular orifice for supplying high pressure steam thereto, the other of said tubular arms spaced slightly rearwardly of said first arm and adapted to p Qvide fuel, said arms extending perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the barrel, in opposite directions from the barrel, and offset with respect to eachother on opposite portions of the barrel, said sleeve having in its external surface a recess in communication with said fuel providing tubular arm, said sleeve having a tear drop orifice to permit fuel to fiow from said recess to the bore of said sleeve, said orificebeing out of direct line with said fuel providing tubular arm, said orifice being positioned with respect to said recess so that the larger diameter of the orifice is adjacent the rear portion of the recess and the smaller diameter of the orifice is adjacent the frontportion of the recess, said 'bore being of larger diameterthan the largest effective diameter of-said orifice, said sleeve having a seat positioned slightly forward of said recess, a piston extending within said sleeve, and having a front end adapted to engage said seat and seal said 'recess and orifice and manually operable means attached to the rear end of said piston for moving said piston rearwardly of said recess and to open said orifice.

' 2. Ina burner assembly, a nozzle adapted for conversion of heavy hydrocarbon fuels comprising a cylindrical outer barrel having a tapered front portion with an open mouth,'and integral "with and rearwardly of said front portion, two

threaded tubular arms communicating with the interior of said rbarrel, a sleeve rigidly secured within-said barrel and having a central bore, said sleevehaving a reduced diameter front portion :coaxial and coextensive withsaid tapered. front from the "sleeve 52 to regulate the degree of open 7 portion-pf said barrel, forming a "passageway therebetween and terminating at the open mouth of the barrel and forming therewith an annular orifice, one of said tubular arms positioned just beyond the front portion of said barrel and communicating with said passageway and said annular orifice for supplying high pressure steam thereto, the other of said tubular arms spaced slightly rearwardly of said first arm and adapted to provide fuel, said arms extending perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the barrel, in opposite directions from the barrel, and offset with respect to each other on opposite portions of the barrel, said sleeve having in its external surface a recess in communication with said fuel providing tubular arm, said sleeve having a tear drop orifice to permit fuel to flow from said recess to the bore of said sleeve, said orifice being out of direct line with said fuel providing tubular arm, said orifice being positioned with respect to said recess so that the larger diameter of the orifice is adjacent the rear portion of the recess and the smaller diameter of the orifice is adjacent the front portion of the recess, said bore being of larger diameter than the largest effective diameter of said orifice, said sleeve having a seat positioned slightly forward of said recess, a piston extending within said sleeve, and having a front end adapted to engage said seat and seal said recess and orifice, said sleeve having an enlarged annular head external to the rear end of said barrel carrying a graduated dial, a hand disc attached to said piston and adapted to be manually operated to move said piston to open and close said orifice, and a pointer attached to said hand disc and extending forwardly to co-operate with said graduated dial.

OSCAR FORTIS.

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