US2345895A - Synergists to aerosol insecticides - Google Patents

Synergists to aerosol insecticides Download PDF

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Publication number
US2345895A
US2345895A US517362A US51736244A US2345895A US 2345895 A US2345895 A US 2345895A US 517362 A US517362 A US 517362A US 51736244 A US51736244 A US 51736244A US 2345895 A US2345895 A US 2345895A
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Prior art keywords
synergists
aerosol
synergist
insecticide
acid
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US517362A
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William N Sullivan
Lyle D Goodhue
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National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA
US Department of Agriculture USDA
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National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA
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Priority claimed from US412960A external-priority patent/US2345891A/en
Application filed by National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA filed Critical National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA
Priority to US517362A priority Critical patent/US2345895A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2345895A publication Critical patent/US2345895A/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N45/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, containing compounds having three or more carbocyclic rings condensed among themselves, at least one ring not being a six-membered ring
    • A01N45/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, containing compounds having three or more carbocyclic rings condensed among themselves, at least one ring not being a six-membered ring having three carbocyclic rings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A01N25/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing liquids as carriers, diluents or solvents
    • A01N25/04—Dispersions, emulsions, suspoemulsions, suspension concentrates or gels
    • A01N25/06—Aerosols
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A01N25/30—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests characterised by the surfactants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N29/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing halogenated hydrocarbons
    • A01N29/04—Halogen directly attached to a carbocyclic ring system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N31/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic oxygen or sulfur compounds
    • A01N31/08—Oxygen or sulfur directly attached to an aromatic ring system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/02—Saturated carboxylic acids or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/06—Unsaturated carboxylic acids or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/38—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids having at least one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to an aromatic ring system
    • A01N37/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids having at least one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to an aromatic ring system having at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same aromatic ring system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N41/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a sulfur atom bound to a hetero atom
    • A01N41/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a sulfur atom bound to a hetero atom containing a sulfur-to-oxygen double bond
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
    • A01N43/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
    • A01N43/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • A01N43/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom five-membered rings
    • A01N43/38—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom five-membered rings condensed with carbocyclic rings

Definitions

  • the general object of our invention is the provision of materials suitable as synergists for aerosol insecticides.
  • Another object of our invention is the provision of agents which will not only increase the insecticidal action of materials known to possess Our invention relates materials which will some toxicity, but,.which will also impart insecticidal properties to materials which are known to be non-toxic or to have a very low toxicity.
  • a further object of our invention is the provision of such agents acting as synergistawhich can be applied by dispersion simultaneously with and by the same methods used for the preparation of aerosol insecticides.
  • materials suitable for the purposes of this invention belong most frequently to the class of chemical compounds which are surface active in non-aqueous solvents or which act as detergents in non-aqueous solvents.
  • These compounds in general, contain polar groupings such as the hydroxyl, the carboxyl, the amine, the ammonium, or the sulfonic acid, alone, in multiple, or in combination, which is attached to some long chain aliphatic radical, or, in some cases, an aromatic radical.
  • Substances acting as detergents or surface active agents in non-aqueous media can be easily applied by the usual methods of aerosol produc-' tion, but this invention is not limited to these substances because different methods of aerosol production can be usedwith different types of amended April 30, 1928; 370 G. 757) synergists.
  • this class of chemical compounds we have found the fatty'acids, the mono esters of fatty acids and ethylene or propylene glycol, of glycerine or sorbitol, to be especially suitable as well as fatty acids in combination with amines such as methanolamine, sulfonated aryl and alkyl radicals alone or combined with an amine.
  • our preferred method of application comprises dissolving the synergist in the insecticide, if the insecticide is a liquid, or dissolving it in some solvent common to both if a solid, and spraying the solution on a heated surface, whereby an aerosol is formed composed of both the synergist and the insecticide.
  • a synergist to an insecticide in aerosol form is not necessarily also a synergist to an insecticide in spray form, even of the same compound.
  • An insecticide in aerosol form comprising ortho-dichlorobenzen-e and salicylic acid.

Description

Patented Apr. 4, 1944 SYNERGISTS TO AEROSOL INSECTICIDES William N. Sullivan, Washington, D. 0., and Lyle D. Goodhue, Berwyn, Md., assignors to the United States of America as represented by Claude R. Wickard, Secretary of Agriculture, and his successors in office No Drawing. Original application September 30, 1941, Serial No. 412,960. Divided and this application January 7, 1944, Serial No. 517,362
(Granted under the act of March 3, 1883, as
3 Claims.
This application is made under the act of March 3, 1883, as amended by the act of April 30, 1928, and the invention herein described and claimed, if patented, may be manufactured and used by or for the Government of the United States of America for governmental purposes without the payment to us of any royalty thereon.
This is a division of our copending application for patent, Serial No. 412,960, filed September 30, 1941.
and the added material a synergist. Therefore,
in these terms, the general object of our invention is the provision of materials suitable as synergists for aerosol insecticides.
Another object of our invention is the provision of agents which will not only increase the insecticidal action of materials known to possess Our invention relates materials which will some toxicity, but,.which will also impart insecticidal properties to materials which are known to be non-toxic or to have a very low toxicity.
A further object of our invention is the provision of such agents acting as synergistawhich can be applied by dispersion simultaneously with and by the same methods used for the preparation of aerosol insecticides.
We have found that materials suitable for the purposes of this invention belong most frequently to the class of chemical compounds which are surface active in non-aqueous solvents or which act as detergents in non-aqueous solvents. These compounds, in general, contain polar groupings such as the hydroxyl, the carboxyl, the amine, the ammonium, or the sulfonic acid, alone, in multiple, or in combination, which is attached to some long chain aliphatic radical, or, in some cases, an aromatic radical.
Substances acting as detergents or surface active agents in non-aqueous media can be easily applied by the usual methods of aerosol produc-' tion, but this invention is not limited to these substances because different methods of aerosol production can be usedwith different types of amended April 30, 1928; 370 G. 757) synergists. In this class of chemical compounds we have found the fatty'acids, the mono esters of fatty acids and ethylene or propylene glycol, of glycerine or sorbitol, to be especially suitable as well as fatty acids in combination with amines such as methanolamine, sulfonated aryl and alkyl radicals alone or combined with an amine.
There are many processe which can be used to apply these materials'in the form of aerosols,
such as spraying into the atmosphere, vaporization, by chemical reaction, by spraying on a heated surface, and so forth. Although this invention is not limited to any particular method of application, our preferred method of application comprises dissolving the synergist in the insecticide, if the insecticide is a liquid, or dissolving it in some solvent common to both if a solid, and spraying the solution on a heated surface, whereby an aerosol is formed composed of both the synergist and the insecticide.
A synergist to an insecticide in aerosol form is not necessarily also a synergist to an insecticide in spray form, even of the same compound. Ac-
tual tests have disclosed that an agent which possesses little or no effect as a synergist to an insecticidal spray may be extremely effective as a synergist to an insecticidal aerosol. The reason for this is not apparent, but it would seem that the mere wetting of the insect cannot explain the action.
The following results were obtained using synergists in accordance with this invention. These results were obtained on the basis of preliminary tests first carried out in a small chamber of '7 cu. ft. and then on a larger scale in a 216 cu. ft. chamber. In each test from 500 to 600 flies were used. Six-tenths of a pound of o-dichlorobenzene per 1000 cu. ft. gave only a 2% kill. However, when mixed with 0.16 lb. of oleic acid as a synergist, a kill was obtained. This same quantity of oleic acid, when used alone under the same conditions gave only a 1% kill. Lauric acid when used alone in the same amount, namely, 0.16 lb. per 1000 cu. it, gave only a 1% kill, but when used as a synergist with 0.6 lb. of o-dichlorobenzene per 1000 cu. ft. a kill was obtained.
7 The same synergists were tested at other concentrations and it was found that little is gained by adding more than 10%.
The following is a list or substances which were tested as synergists at a concentration 01 0.06 lb. in 0.6 lb. of o-dichlorobenzene per1000 cu. it. against the houseflm the percentage, of kill in each case being indicated in the right hand column:
Per cent kill Spermaceti V Diglycol laur 48 Sulionated naphthalene 60 Salicylic 'acid I 91 Propylene glycol oleate 28 Myristic cid .49 Propylene glycol laurate '14 Sorbitol laur V '59 Monoglycol laurate -r. 56 Triethanolamine oleate.. 56 Lauryl sulfate 70 other insecticideswere used against the "American and German cockroach tration of 1.5 lbs. per 1000 cu. ft. One-tenth of the insecticide was replaced by a synergist. A. mortality of 100% was obtained with the following: methylchloroacetate plus lauric acid, epichlorohydrin plus lauric acid, epichloroh'ydrin plus oleic acid, ethyl dichloroacetate plus lauric acid, ethyl dichloroacetate plus oleic acid, betachloroethyl chlorocarbonate plus lauric acid,
chloroethane plus lauric acid, and o-dichlorobenzene plus lauric acid. In all cases where oleic acid was effective, lauric acid was-also found to be efiective and vice versa. The kill without a synergist was always less than 100% and usually less than 50%.
at a concen- Cit In a 1100- cu. ft. room, cockroaches, more than 5000 were killed in 18 hours and none were found living, using 1 lbs. of o-dichlorobenzene with 3% lauric acid and 2% oleic acid. Excellent results were also obtained in a 3200 cu. ft. room.
' beta-chloroethylacetate plus lauric acid, tetra- Tests were also conducted against the carpet beetle larva, the confused flour beetles and crickets. The halogenated esters in combination with any one of the'synergists mentioned above are extremely toxic to the confused flour beetle and produce a high mortality to the carpet beetle larva.
Among 80 compounds tested against the housefly in the form of aerosols, in combination with synergists of the type mentioned above, are
3-chloroacenaphthene, 2-chlorofluorene, 3-chlorodibenzofuran, chlorinateddiphenyls, halogenated naphthalenes, halogenated esters, halogenated ketones, carbazole, thiocresol and halogenated phenols. The synergist was shown to be responsible in each case for an increase in toxicity.
Having thus described claim: I
1. An insecticide in aerosol form comprising ortho-dichlorobenzen-e and salicylic acid.
2; An insecticide in aerosol'form comprising 3-chloroacenaphthene and salicylic acid.
3. An insecticide in aerosol form comprising our invention, we
2-chlorofluorene and salicylic, acid.
WILLIAM N. SULLIVAN. LYLE D. GOODHUE.
naturally infested with
US517362A 1941-09-30 1944-01-07 Synergists to aerosol insecticides Expired - Lifetime US2345895A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2449533A (en) * 1947-07-08 1948-09-14 Us Agriculture Synergistic insecticidal compositions

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2449533A (en) * 1947-07-08 1948-09-14 Us Agriculture Synergistic insecticidal compositions

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