US2341500A - Process of recovering oil from oil sands - Google Patents

Process of recovering oil from oil sands Download PDF

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US2341500A
US2341500A US426282A US42628242A US2341500A US 2341500 A US2341500 A US 2341500A US 426282 A US426282 A US 426282A US 42628242 A US42628242 A US 42628242A US 2341500 A US2341500 A US 2341500A
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oil
water
flooding
sands
liquid
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US426282A
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Kenneth D Detling
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Shell Development Co
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Shell Development Co
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
    • C10G1/04—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by extraction
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/50—Compositions for plastering borehole walls, i.e. compositions for temporary consolidation of borehole walls
    • C09K8/504—Compositions based on water or polar solvents
    • C09K8/506—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/58—Compositions for enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons, i.e. for improving the mobility of the oil, e.g. displacing fluids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
    • C10G2300/40—Characteristics of the process deviating from typical ways of processing
    • C10G2300/4037—In-situ processes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S507/00—Earth boring, well treating, and oil field chemistry
    • Y10S507/935—Enhanced oil recovery
    • Y10S507/936—Flooding the formation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the rcovery of oil from depleted oil sands and pertains more particularly to methods of flooding such sands with water to obtain a secondary recovery of oil.
  • oil fields where the oil production from wells by pumping has ceased or become unprofitable, itis the practice to recover some of the residual oil, which sometimes amounts to sixty per cent of the original oil present, by means of a water flood.
  • Water is introduced under pressure into a number of wells, and oil together with water is produced from other wells by the resultant water drive.
  • many agents such as surface tension reducing and capillary active agents, have been proposed as addition agents to the flooding water to increase the efficiency of the water flood.
  • these methods of secondary recovery have not been altogether satisfactory.
  • the present method comprises the steps of first injecting into the depleted oil-bearing strata prior to the introductoin of the flooding water a substantial volume of a viscous liquid having a viscosity substantially greater than water and preferably having a viscosity of the order of or greater than that of the oil to recovered, and then introducing ordinary flooding water, whereby the flooding front forms a substantially distinct and symmetrical barrier progressing through the oil-bearing strata, substantially unaffected by variations in the texture, permeability, porosity, or capillarity of the strata.
  • Viscous liquids which may be used include both aqueous and non-aqueous liquids and solutions having viscosities substantially above that of water and preferably of the order of that of the parent from the following description, may be ac- 53 oil to be recovered from the depleted oil sand.
  • Liquids having viscosities ranging from 0.8 to 16 centipoises or more, or less, and preferably from 3.0 to 6.0 centipoises, may be used, depending upon. the viscosity of the oil to be displaced, the nature of the formation, the temperature, etc.
  • the viscous solutions may preferably have detergent properties which enhance the cleanup of the more or less adsorbed or fixed" oil, and for this purpose small amounts of wetting or surfaceactive agents may be added to or incorporated in the viscous liquid; however, the essential feature of the present invention resides in the use of a viscous liquid as a fluid piston ahead of the flooding water.
  • the cation-active type such as the onium, e. g. alkyl pyridinium, salts, etc., are preferred since these agents are unaflected by calcium and magnesium ions which are usually present in the formation water and in natural brines.
  • Suitable viscous liquids which may be used for the present purpose include aqueous solutions of certain soaps,
  • water soaps such as sodium lauryl sulfate; alkali metal salts of slginic acid, such as sodium alginate; glycerine; sucrose (or crude sugars) with or without additions of phenol and the like; water-soluble polymers.
  • thiclrening materials such as hydrocarbon polymers; for example, poly-isobutylene, nitrocellulose, cellulose nitrate, ruber in benzene, etc.; and various admixtures thereof as well as such liquids containing wetting agents, preferably of the cationactive type, such as the'quaternary ammonium compounds which have a long hydrocarbon chain, for example, Saparnine, etc.
  • wetting agents preferably of the cationactive type, such as the'quaternary ammonium compounds which have a long hydrocarbon chain, for example, Saparnine, etc.
  • aqueous solution consisting of 4.25% sodium oleate, 0.75% phenol, and 95% water is suitable and has a viscosity of 3.62 centipoises.
  • Other mixtures of sodium oleate and phenol have compositions of 9% and 1%, 8% and 2%, 6% and 2%, and 8.5% and 1.5% oi sodium oleate and phenol, respectively, the remainder being water.
  • sucrose solution in water has a viscosity of 4.5 centipoises at 30- C. and may be used.
  • the injection wells and'producing wells are prepared in the usual manner.
  • a viscous liquid is first introduced into the depleted oil sands through the injection wells for a period of 12 to i8 hours or more, depending on the distance between the injection wells and the producing wells and their spacing, in order to insure that the viscous liquid is maintained at a sufilcient thickness as the diameter of the flooding front increases.
  • the flooding water is introduced, directly following the viscous liquid. This may be accomplished in various ways; for example, the supply 01' viscous liquid to the injection well downpipes maybe shut oil? slowly as the supply of water to complement the viscous liquid is started.
  • Any suitable system for injection the flooding water may be used. It is preferred, however, to use a closed water system, such as according to U. 8. Patent 2,230,001.
  • the viscous flooding front minimizes or neutralizes the fln. gering eiilect or by-passing of portions of the flooding liquid by decreasing the speed of now of flooding liquid through the larger channels and the more permeable zones, whereby the range of efiective permeabilities values is narrowed so that a more uniformly progressing flooding front or band is obtained and thus permitting a greater percentage recovery of the oil remaining in the dlegleted oil sands than heretofore has been poss e.
  • a flooding process for recovering oil from depleted oil sands comprising the steps of first injecting into an input well a viscous liquid con sisting of an aqueous solution of sodium oleate and phenol. then injecting water into said input well and forcing said liquids through the depleted oil sand towards an outlet well.
  • a flooding process for recovering oil from depleted oil sands compri. -ig the steps oi first injecting into an input well a viscous liquid consisting oi -9% sodium oleate, 20.5% phenol, and the remainder water, then injecting water into said input well and forcing said liquids through the depleted oil sand towards an outlet 3.
  • a flooding process for recovering oil from depleted oil sands comprising the steps or first injecting into an input well a viscous liquid comprising an aqueous solution of a fatty acid soap and a hydroxy-aromatlc compound, then injecting water into said input well and forcing said liquids through the depleted oil sands towards an outlet well.
  • a flooding process for recovering oil from depleted oil sands comprising the steps of first injecting into an input well a viscous liquid comprising an aqueous solution of an alkali metal soap of a higher fatty acid and a hydroxyaromatic compound, then injecting water into said input well and forcing said liquids through the depleted oil sands towards an outlet well.

Description

Patented F ab. 8, 1944 Kenneth D. Dtling, Berkeley,- alif. asslgnor to Shell Development Company, San Calif a corporation of Delaware Application January 10,1942, Serial No. 426,282
No Drawing.
Francisco,
4 Claims- (Cl. 166-21) The present invention relates to the rcovery of oil from depleted oil sands and pertains more particularly to methods of flooding such sands with water to obtain a secondary recovery of oil. In oil fields where the oil production from wells by pumping has ceased or become unprofitable, itis the practice to recover some of the residual oil, which sometimes amounts to sixty per cent of the original oil present, by means of a water flood. Water is introduced under pressure into a number of wells, and oil together with water is produced from other wells by the resultant water drive. Heretofore, many agents, such as surface tension reducing and capillary active agents, have been proposed as addition agents to the flooding water to increase the efficiency of the water flood. However, due to various reasons and/or circumstances, these methods of secondary recovery have not been altogether satisfactory.
Incomplete cleanup of the residual oil from the oil sands has been due at least in part to the fact that the variations in the permeabilities of the oil-bearing strata cause the outer portion or leading front of the water flood to finger or to progress through one-stratum ahead of the water in an adjacent stratum. In other words, the boundary between the flooding water and the driven liquid ahead of it becomes indistinct or non-uniform, whereby the advancing front of water bypasses some oil-bearing sands, irrevocably trapping the oil therein. This fingering of the flood front may be due to fractures and large flow channels in highly permeable zones. The trapping of oil in pockets occurs particularly in oil sands which are non-uniform in texture and/or are formed of thin strata of different permeabilities. In some such non-uniform sands, secondary recovery by water flooding cannot be economically applied.
Some addition agents are objectionable, ap-
parently for the reason that they build up deposits on the strata tending to plug or seal off the less permeable strata, and perhaps in some ways produce results which are inferior to those which are obtainable by the use of water alone.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a flooding method wherein the flood front forms a substantially distinct barrier and progresses more uniformly through the oil sand, whereby fingering of the flooding liquid and trapping of oil are lessened and the less uniform oil-bearing formations can be successfully water-flooded.
Briefly, this object and others. as will be apcomplished by adjusting the viscosity of the forward portion ofthe flooding liquid so that the ratio of the viscosity of the flooding liquid to the oil to be recovered or displaced is increased. More particularly, the present method comprises the steps of first injecting into the depleted oil-bearing strata prior to the introductoin of the flooding water a substantial volume of a viscous liquid having a viscosity substantially greater than water and preferably having a viscosity of the order of or greater than that of the oil to recovered, and then introducing ordinary flooding water, whereby the flooding front forms a substantially distinct and symmetrical barrier progressing through the oil-bearing strata, substantially unaffected by variations in the texture, permeability, porosity, or capillarity of the strata. The nature of such viscous liquidssubstantialiy prevents fingering of the flooding front since the relatively high viscosity of the flooding front liquid causes it to flow more slowly through the large channels in the highly permeable zones, thereby more nearly equalizing the progression of the flooding liquid through various zones of different effective permeability. Under these conditions, the flooding rate can be adjusted to values at which more complete stripping of the oil from the sand occurs.
Viscous liquids which may be used include both aqueous and non-aqueous liquids and solutions having viscosities substantially above that of water and preferably of the order of that of the parent from the following description, may be ac- 53 oil to be recovered from the depleted oil sand. Liquids having viscosities ranging from 0.8 to 16 centipoises or more, or less, and preferably from 3.0 to 6.0 centipoises, may be used, depending upon. the viscosity of the oil to be displaced, the nature of the formation, the temperature, etc. The viscous solutions may preferably have detergent properties which enhance the cleanup of the more or less adsorbed or fixed" oil, and for this purpose small amounts of wetting or surfaceactive agents may be added to or incorporated in the viscous liquid; however, the essential feature of the present invention resides in the use of a viscous liquid as a fluid piston ahead of the flooding water. When adding wetting agents, the cation-active type. such as the onium, e. g. alkyl pyridinium, salts, etc., are preferred since these agents are unaflected by calcium and magnesium ions which are usually present in the formation water and in natural brines.
Suitable viscous liquids which may be used for the present purpose include aqueous solutions of certain soaps,
such as sodium oleate in admlx-' ture with phenol and the like: hard. water soaps, such as sodium lauryl sulfate; alkali metal salts of slginic acid, such as sodium alginate; glycerine; sucrose (or crude sugars) with or without additions of phenol and the like; water-soluble polymers. such as polyvinyl and poly-allyl alcohols; and non-aqueous solutions of various thiclrening materials, such as hydrocarbon polymers; for example, poly-isobutylene, nitrocellulose, cellulose nitrate, ruber in benzene, etc.; and various admixtures thereof as well as such liquids containing wetting agents, preferably of the cationactive type, such as the'quaternary ammonium compounds which have a long hydrocarbon chain, for example, Saparnine, etc. It is'preferable to use solutions from which precipitates are not formed on admixture with naturally occurring salts. For this purpose, water-soluble heirameta= phosphates and the like may be added to the solutions as suppressors of precipitate-forming ions.
As examples of specific viscous liquids which may be used according to the present invention, the following are given: 1
'An aqueous solution consisting of 4.25% sodium oleate, 0.75% phenol, and 95% water is suitable and has a viscosity of 3.62 centipoises. Other mixtures of sodium oleate and phenol have compositions of 9% and 1%, 8% and 2%, 6% and 2%, and 8.5% and 1.5% oi sodium oleate and phenol, respectively, the remainder being water. These solutions are particularly effective since their detergent properties cause a more complete cleanup of the oil.
A. 40% sucrose solution in water has a viscosity of 4.5 centipoises at 30- C. and may be used. Other suitable solutions of 30% and 40% sucrose with 1% phenol and 0.5% m-cresol, the .remainder being water, have viscosities at 30 C.
or 3.1 and 4.8 centipoises, respectively.
In carrying out the method of the present invention, the injection wells and'producing wells are prepared in the usual manner. A viscous liquid is first introduced into the depleted oil sands through the injection wells for a period of 12 to i8 hours or more, depending on the distance between the injection wells and the producing wells and their spacing, in order to insure that the viscous liquid is maintained at a sufilcient thickness as the diameter of the flooding front increases. Then the flooding water is introduced, directly following the viscous liquid. This may be accomplished in various ways; for example, the supply 01' viscous liquid to the injection well downpipes maybe shut oil? slowly as the supply of water to complement the viscous liquid is started.
While it is preferable to flood out oil sands with a flooding liquid having a viscous flood front, infrequent injections of viscous liquids during the flooding period may be desirable to even out the flood pattern or to re-establish a more uniform rate of injection of flooding liquid into the various formation zones and to prevent by-psssins in the watered-out region of the depleted oil sands.
Any suitable system for injection the flooding water may be used. It is preferred, however, to use a closed water system, such as according to U. 8. Patent 2,230,001.
The relatively, high viscosity oi? the viscous flooding front minimizes or neutralizes the fln. gering eiilect or by-passing of portions of the flooding liquid by decreasing the speed of now of flooding liquid through the larger channels and the more permeable zones, whereby the range of efiective permeabilities values is narrowed so that a more uniformly progressing flooding front or band is obtained and thus permitting a greater percentage recovery of the oil remaining in the dlegleted oil sands than heretofore has been poss e.
I claim as my invention:
1. A flooding process for recovering oil from depleted oil sands comprising the steps of first injecting into an input well a viscous liquid con sisting of an aqueous solution of sodium oleate and phenol. then injecting water into said input well and forcing said liquids through the depleted oil sand towards an outlet well.
2. A flooding process for recovering oil from depleted oil sands compri. -ig the steps oi first injecting into an input well a viscous liquid consisting oi -9% sodium oleate, 20.5% phenol, and the remainder water, then injecting water into said input well and forcing said liquids through the depleted oil sand towards an outlet 3. A flooding process for recovering oil from depleted oil sands comprising the steps or first injecting into an input well a viscous liquid comprising an aqueous solution of a fatty acid soap and a hydroxy-aromatlc compound, then injecting water into said input well and forcing said liquids through the depleted oil sands towards an outlet well.
4. A flooding process for recovering oil from depleted oil sands comprising the steps of first injecting into an input well a viscous liquid comprising an aqueous solution of an alkali metal soap of a higher fatty acid and a hydroxyaromatic compound, then injecting water into said input well and forcing said liquids through the depleted oil sands towards an outlet well.
KENNETH D. DETLING.
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Cited By (57)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2452736A (en) * 1945-08-28 1948-11-02 Charles M Mcknight Method of treating oil wells
US2533546A (en) * 1948-03-08 1950-12-12 Union Oil Co Water drive
US2661066A (en) * 1948-06-26 1953-12-01 Pure Oil Co Increasing permeability of sands in oil, gas, and injection wells by forming solids in the strata
US2669306A (en) * 1948-12-17 1954-02-16 Sinclair Oil & Gas Co Petroleum production process
US2669307A (en) * 1950-06-13 1954-02-16 Sinclair Oil & Gas Co Petroleum production process
US2731414A (en) * 1952-02-05 1956-01-17 Exxon Research Engineering Co Water flooding secondary recovery method
US2733206A (en) * 1956-01-31 Chemical treatment of flood waters
US2742089A (en) * 1950-12-29 1956-04-17 Stanolind Oil & Gas Co Secondary recovery
US2771138A (en) * 1955-06-13 1956-11-20 Exxon Research Engineering Co Waterflooding method of secondary recovery
US2842492A (en) * 1954-03-03 1958-07-08 Roehm & Haas Gmbh Process for increasing the yield of oil upon the flooding with water of oil deposits
US2866507A (en) * 1956-12-24 1958-12-30 Pure Oil Co Gas drive oil recovery process
US2920041A (en) * 1957-07-31 1960-01-05 Jersey Prod Res Co Waterflooding method of secondary recovery
US2946747A (en) * 1955-04-05 1960-07-26 Visco Products Co Composition for conditioning surfaces containing contaminating water and method of using the same
US2950760A (en) * 1958-05-02 1960-08-30 Pure Oil Co Water flooding process
US3018826A (en) * 1958-06-16 1962-01-30 Union Oil Co Method for increasing the permeability of subterranean formations
US3021901A (en) * 1959-01-07 1962-02-20 Dow Chemical Co Treatment of fluid-producing formations
US3042611A (en) * 1959-05-01 1962-07-03 Jersey Prod Res Co Waterflooding
US3047062A (en) * 1959-04-29 1962-07-31 Jersey Prod Res Co Enhancing petroleum oil production
US3053765A (en) * 1959-05-01 1962-09-11 Jersey Prod Res Co Viscous water waterflooding
US3076504A (en) * 1958-06-19 1963-02-05 Jersey Prod Res Co Secondary oil recovery process
US3079336A (en) * 1960-03-22 1963-02-26 Jersey Prod Res Co Alcohols in conjunction with water thickeners for a secondary recovery process
US3079337A (en) * 1960-03-28 1963-02-26 Jersey Prod Res Co Reaction products of ethylene oxide and polyhydroxide alcohols as water viscosity thickeners for secondary recovery
US3084122A (en) * 1960-06-17 1963-04-02 Jersey Prod Res Co Stabilized dextran solutions
US3085063A (en) * 1959-12-30 1963-04-09 Jersey Prod Res Co Secondary recovery waterflooding technique
US3087539A (en) * 1960-01-18 1963-04-30 Jersey Prod Res Co Preflood-secondary recovery water technique
US3148730A (en) * 1960-06-27 1964-09-15 Sinclair Research Inc Secondary recovery process
US3167118A (en) * 1959-07-06 1965-01-26 Union Oil Co Secondary recovery by miscible fluid displacement
US3185214A (en) * 1958-03-04 1965-05-25 Pure Oil Co Recovery of oil from subterranean formations
US3208515A (en) * 1959-01-21 1965-09-28 Exxon Production Research Co Method of recovering oil from underground reservoirs
US3215154A (en) * 1962-04-13 1965-11-02 Dow Chemical Co Method of reducing friction loss in flowing hydrocarbon liquids
US3256933A (en) * 1950-07-13 1966-06-21 Exxon Production Research Co Methods of recovery of oil
US3258071A (en) * 1962-09-19 1966-06-28 Monsanto Co Secondary hydrocarbon recovery process
US3292697A (en) * 1964-06-19 1966-12-20 Mobil Oil Corp Stable positive nonsimple liquid for water-flooding subterranean for-mations
US3292696A (en) * 1960-05-31 1966-12-20 Union Oil Co Water flooding
US3303879A (en) * 1964-09-28 1967-02-14 Mobil Oil Corp Stable aqueous treating liquid for permeable earth formations
US3308883A (en) * 1964-11-05 1967-03-14 Mobil Oil Corp Thickened water for secondary recovery process
US3312279A (en) * 1959-11-23 1967-04-04 Phillips Petroleum Co Method of water flooding by using phosphorylated mannan
US3354953A (en) * 1952-06-14 1967-11-28 Pan American Petroleum Corp Recovery of oil from reservoirs
US3362473A (en) * 1965-06-28 1968-01-09 Mobil Oil Corp Waterflood achieving high microscopic sweep efficiency
US3372749A (en) * 1966-04-18 1968-03-12 Mobil Oil Corp Waterflood process employing thickened water
US3391736A (en) * 1964-03-16 1968-07-09 Mobil Oil Corp Liquid flow in a permeable earth formation
US3421582A (en) * 1966-03-18 1969-01-14 Cities Service Oil Co Secondary oil recovery process
US3452817A (en) * 1967-01-05 1969-07-01 Cities Service Oil Co Secondary recovery of petroleum by waterflooding
US3455393A (en) * 1967-08-02 1969-07-15 Dow Chemical Co Modifying water injection well profiles
US3483925A (en) * 1968-02-06 1969-12-16 Calgon C0Rp Squeeze treatment of producing oil wells
US3500920A (en) * 1968-05-23 1970-03-17 Shell Oil Co Chemical injection of slugs of two dissimilar aqueous solutions to recover oil
US3570601A (en) * 1969-11-28 1971-03-16 Pan American Petroleum Corp Recovery of oil with viscous propane
US3667546A (en) * 1970-05-28 1972-06-06 Phillips Petroleum Co Waterflooding method
US3670818A (en) * 1970-04-29 1972-06-20 Marathon Oil Co Mobility control in oil recovery processes
US3707191A (en) * 1970-05-27 1972-12-26 Phillips Petroleum Co Gel fluid water flooding method
US3724546A (en) * 1971-01-11 1973-04-03 Chevron Res Blood flood
US3858654A (en) * 1973-06-18 1975-01-07 Texaco Inc Hydraulic mining technique for recovering bitumen from subsurface tar sand deposits
US3949811A (en) * 1973-04-23 1976-04-13 Phillips Petroleum Company Method for reducing the permeability of subterranean formations to brines
US4370243A (en) * 1981-02-09 1983-01-25 Mobil Oil Corporation Oil recovery by surfactant-alcohol waterflooding
US4479894A (en) * 1981-02-09 1984-10-30 Mobil Oil Corporation Oil recovery by surfactant-alcohol waterflooding
US4542789A (en) * 1983-03-23 1985-09-24 Phillips Petroleum Company Viscosity enhancement system
US4768592A (en) * 1986-04-23 1988-09-06 Atlantic Richfield Company Enhanced oil recovery process

Cited By (57)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2733206A (en) * 1956-01-31 Chemical treatment of flood waters
US2452736A (en) * 1945-08-28 1948-11-02 Charles M Mcknight Method of treating oil wells
US2533546A (en) * 1948-03-08 1950-12-12 Union Oil Co Water drive
US2661066A (en) * 1948-06-26 1953-12-01 Pure Oil Co Increasing permeability of sands in oil, gas, and injection wells by forming solids in the strata
US2669306A (en) * 1948-12-17 1954-02-16 Sinclair Oil & Gas Co Petroleum production process
US2669307A (en) * 1950-06-13 1954-02-16 Sinclair Oil & Gas Co Petroleum production process
US3256933A (en) * 1950-07-13 1966-06-21 Exxon Production Research Co Methods of recovery of oil
US2742089A (en) * 1950-12-29 1956-04-17 Stanolind Oil & Gas Co Secondary recovery
US2731414A (en) * 1952-02-05 1956-01-17 Exxon Research Engineering Co Water flooding secondary recovery method
US3354953A (en) * 1952-06-14 1967-11-28 Pan American Petroleum Corp Recovery of oil from reservoirs
US2842492A (en) * 1954-03-03 1958-07-08 Roehm & Haas Gmbh Process for increasing the yield of oil upon the flooding with water of oil deposits
US2946747A (en) * 1955-04-05 1960-07-26 Visco Products Co Composition for conditioning surfaces containing contaminating water and method of using the same
US2771138A (en) * 1955-06-13 1956-11-20 Exxon Research Engineering Co Waterflooding method of secondary recovery
US2866507A (en) * 1956-12-24 1958-12-30 Pure Oil Co Gas drive oil recovery process
US2920041A (en) * 1957-07-31 1960-01-05 Jersey Prod Res Co Waterflooding method of secondary recovery
US3185214A (en) * 1958-03-04 1965-05-25 Pure Oil Co Recovery of oil from subterranean formations
US2950760A (en) * 1958-05-02 1960-08-30 Pure Oil Co Water flooding process
US3018826A (en) * 1958-06-16 1962-01-30 Union Oil Co Method for increasing the permeability of subterranean formations
US3076504A (en) * 1958-06-19 1963-02-05 Jersey Prod Res Co Secondary oil recovery process
US3021901A (en) * 1959-01-07 1962-02-20 Dow Chemical Co Treatment of fluid-producing formations
US3208515A (en) * 1959-01-21 1965-09-28 Exxon Production Research Co Method of recovering oil from underground reservoirs
US3047062A (en) * 1959-04-29 1962-07-31 Jersey Prod Res Co Enhancing petroleum oil production
US3042611A (en) * 1959-05-01 1962-07-03 Jersey Prod Res Co Waterflooding
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