US2341263A - Ammunition priming mixture - Google Patents
Ammunition priming mixture Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2341263A US2341263A US345102A US34510240A US2341263A US 2341263 A US2341263 A US 2341263A US 345102 A US345102 A US 345102A US 34510240 A US34510240 A US 34510240A US 2341263 A US2341263 A US 2341263A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- hexamethylenetriperoxydiamine
- ammunition
- mixture
- priming
- lead
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title description 36
- 230000037452 priming Effects 0.000 title description 24
- IWOUKMZUPDVPGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium nitrate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O IWOUKMZUPDVPGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- WETZJIOEDGMBMA-UHFFFAOYSA-L lead styphnate Chemical compound [Pb+2].[O-]C1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C([O-])=C1[N+]([O-])=O WETZJIOEDGMBMA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 4
- VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylenetetramine Chemical compound C1N(C2)CN3CN1CN2C3 VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910021346 calcium silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- YADSGOSSYOOKMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxolead Chemical compound O=[Pb]=O YADSGOSSYOOKMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000010299 hexamethylene tetramine Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004312 hexamethylene tetramine Substances 0.000 description 2
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 2
- YPMOSINXXHVZIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylideneantimony Chemical compound [Sb]=S YPMOSINXXHVZIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GVCGWXSZNUOTDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfo cyanate Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)OC#N GVCGWXSZNUOTDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YYGJRRYSYLLCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methyl-2,4,6-trinitrophenol Chemical compound CC1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C(O)=C1[N+]([O-])=O YYGJRRYSYLLCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000001987 Pyrus communis Species 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 hydrogen ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- RLJMLMKIBZAXJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)O[Pb]O[N+]([O-])=O RLJMLMKIBZAXJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MHWLNQBTOIYJJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury difulminate Chemical compound [O-][N+]#C[Hg]C#[N+][O-] MHWLNQBTOIYJJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B43/00—Compositions characterised by explosive or thermic constituents not provided for in groups C06B25/00 - C06B41/00
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B41/00—Compositions containing a nitrated metallo-organic compound
- C06B41/02—Compositions containing a nitrated metallo-organic compound the compound containing lead
- C06B41/04—Compositions containing a nitrated metallo-organic compound the compound containing lead with an organic explosive or an organic thermic component
- C06B41/06—Compositions containing a nitrated metallo-organic compound the compound containing lead with an organic explosive or an organic thermic component with an inorganic explosive or an inorganic thermic component
Definitions
- This invention relates to priming mixtures for ammunition and particularly to the use of hexamethylenetriperoxydiamine.
- the purpose of an ammunition priming mixture is to ignite the powder of the ammunition after the primer cavity or receptacle containing the priming mixture is struck by a blow.
- the function of the priming composition is to deliver intensely hot flaming gases and solids so as to properly ignite the powder, and it is not required nor desirable that the composition detonate or produce high brisant effects.
- the igniting mixture is fired by a fuse or contact with a resistance heated by the electric current so that the sensitiveness to a blow or friction is not a requirement for such use.
- Priming mixtures may consist of a combustion initiator, a fuel and an oxidizer.
- the combustion initiator has the function of starting the reaction between the fuel and oxidizer.
- the mixture In ammunition priming components, the mixture must be sensitive to the blow of the firin pin, and, for this reason, the initiator must be sensitive in this respect, because usually the fuel and oxidizer are not sufiiciently responsive to shock to cause the mixture to ignite properly.
- the action of the sensitizer in turn is sufiicient to set off t e combustion initiator.
- the mixture must also be stable and must not be so sensitive that it will be ignited upon being subjected to a small shock. It must ignite only when the priming mixture container is struck by the blow of the firing pin of a weapon.
- Hexamethylenetriperoxydiamine may be prepared in different manners and, as an example thereof, the method used in the German patent, No. 263,459 to Girsewald, may be used. In general, it can be prepared by the oxidation of hexamethylenetetramine in weakly acid solution. The action of hydrogen peroxide upon salts of hexamethylenetetramine in concentrated solutions results in the formation of hexamethylenetriperoxydiamine. The yield may be increased by any means which reduces the hydrolysis of hydrogen peroxide, such as organic or inorganic acids or other steady source of low concentration of hydrogen ions. As an example of the latter,
- citric acid or potassium acid sulphate may be used.
- hexamethylenetriperoxydia- Hexamethylenetriperoxydiamine by itself is extremely sensitive to a blow or friction, which makes it not entirely satisfactory for use in blasting caps or alone as an explosive or combustion initiator. It is necessary, therefore, that the proper limited amount of hexamethylenetriperoxydiamine be used in a priming composition, as
- hexamethylenetriperoxydiamine which is the preferred one in a priming composition, 'is as follows:
- Example I Per cent Hexamethylenetriperoxydiamine 5 Lead styphnate 37 Barium nitrate 30 Lead sulphocyanate 8 Glass 20 This composition was found to have the required sensitiveness and yet not be too sensitive.
- Example II Per cent Hexamethylenetriperoxydlamine 5 Lead styphnate 35 Barium nitrate 39 Lead peroxide 5 Antimony sulphide 5 Calcium silicide 11 This mixture was entirely satisfactory and was used in the conventional centerfire cartridges and shot shells.
- the normal lead salt of trinitro-m-cresol may be substituted for the mercury iulminate.
- the present invention constitutes the first dim ccvery of the use of hexamethylenetriperoxydiamine as a sensitizer in ammunition priming compositions, and therefore the appended claims are to be broadly construed.
- An ammunition priming mixture comprising an oxidizer, a fuel, a combustion initiator, and hexamethylenetriperoxydiamine as a sensitizer.
- An ammunition priming mixture containing at least .5.% hexamethylenetriperoxydiamine as a sensitizer.
- An ammunition priming mixture containing aeames 9.
- An ammunition priming mixture comprisv ing substantially:
- An ammunition priming mixture compris- 20 ing substantially:
- An ammunition priming mixture comprising substantially:
Description
Patented Feb. 8, 1944 Q AMIVIUNITION PRIMING MIXTURE ware No Drawing. Application July 12, 1940, Serial No. 345,102
12 Claims.
This invention relates to priming mixtures for ammunition and particularly to the use of hexamethylenetriperoxydiamine. The purpose of an ammunition priming mixture is to ignite the powder of the ammunition after the primer cavity or receptacle containing the priming mixture is struck by a blow. The function of the priming composition is to deliver intensely hot flaming gases and solids so as to properly ignite the powder, and it is not required nor desirable that the composition detonate or produce high brisant effects. In blasting caps and other forms of detonators, the igniting mixture is fired by a fuse or contact with a resistance heated by the electric current so that the sensitiveness to a blow or friction is not a requirement for such use. Priming mixtures may consist of a combustion initiator, a fuel and an oxidizer. The combustion initiator has the function of starting the reaction between the fuel and oxidizer. In ammunition priming components, the mixture must be sensitive to the blow of the firin pin, and, for this reason, the initiator must be sensitive in this respect, because usually the fuel and oxidizer are not sufiiciently responsive to shock to cause the mixture to ignite properly. It is also necessary to use a sensitizer for many Of the combustion initiators, the action of the sensitizer being initiated by the blow of the firing pin. The action of the sensitizer in turn is sufiicient to set off t e combustion initiator. The mixture must also be stable and must not be so sensitive that it will be ignited upon being subjected to a small shock. It must ignite only when the priming mixture container is struck by the blow of the firing pin of a weapon.
Other objects of the invention will be apparent from the following description.
The present invention is directed to the use of hexamethylenetriperoxydiamine in a priming mixture. Hexamethylenetriperoxydiamine may be prepared in different manners and, as an example thereof, the method used in the German patent, No. 263,459 to Girsewald, may be used. In general, it can be prepared by the oxidation of hexamethylenetetramine in weakly acid solution. The action of hydrogen peroxide upon salts of hexamethylenetetramine in concentrated solutions results in the formation of hexamethylenetriperoxydiamine. The yield may be increased by any means which reduces the hydrolysis of hydrogen peroxide, such as organic or inorganic acids or other steady source of low concentration of hydrogen ions. As an example of the latter,
mine is as follows citric acid or potassium acid sulphate may be used.
One formula for hexamethylenetriperoxydia- Hexamethylenetriperoxydiamine by itself is extremely sensitive to a blow or friction, which makes it not entirely satisfactory for use in blasting caps or alone as an explosive or combustion initiator. It is necessary, therefore, that the proper limited amount of hexamethylenetriperoxydiamine be used in a priming composition, as
otherwise the composition will be unduly sensitive or will have other serious objections.
One example of the use of hexamethylenetriperoxydiamine, which is the preferred one in a priming composition, 'is as follows:
Example I Per cent Hexamethylenetriperoxydiamine 5 Lead styphnate 37 Barium nitrate 30 Lead sulphocyanate 8 Glass 20 This composition was found to have the required sensitiveness and yet not be too sensitive.
Another example of the use of hexamethylenetriperoxydiamine is as follows:
Example II Per cent Hexamethylenetriperoxydlamine 5 Lead styphnate 35 Barium nitrate 39 Lead peroxide 5 Antimony sulphide 5 Calcium silicide 11 This mixture was entirely satisfactory and was used in the conventional centerfire cartridges and shot shells.
In the above composition, the normal lead salt of trinitro-m-cresol may be substituted for the mercury iulminate.
A composition using 112% of hexemethylenetriperoxydiamine and 32% of normal lead styphnate was tried, and it was found that this was not entirely satisfactory because it could not be loaded even when in wet form into the shells due to excessive burning under the conventional spinning punches used to place the primer into the shell. 2% was tried with 40% of normal lead styphnate, which gave a satisfactory mixture. It was also found that as little as .5% of the hexamethylenetriperoxydiamine could be used as a sensitizer in a priming composition and still obtain satisfactory results: A mixture containing hexamethylenetriperoxydiamine as the combustion initiator is not satisfactory because it cannot be successfully loaded into the'shells and does not give the proper sensitivity. In the above compositions, lead'nitrate may also be used as the oxidizerin place'of barium nitrate.
The present invention constitutes the first dim ccvery of the use of hexamethylenetriperoxydiamine as a sensitizer in ammunition priming compositions, and therefore the appended claims are to be broadly construed.
What is claimed is:
1. An ammunition priming mixture comprising an oxidizer, a fuel, a combustion initiator, and hexamethylenetriperoxydiamine as a sensitizer.
2. An ammunition priming mixture containing at least .5.% hexamethylenetriperoxydiamine as a sensitizer.
3. An ammunition priming mixture containing between about .5-% hexamethylenetriperoxydiamine as a sensitizer.
4. An ammunition priming mixture containing hexamethyienetriperoxydiamine and lead styphnate.
5. An ammunition priming mixture containing hexamethylenetriperoxydiamine and mercury iulminate.
6. An ammunition priming mixture containing aeames 9. An ammunition priming mixture comprisv ing substantially:
, Per cent Hexamethylenetriperoxydiamine Lead styphnat 37 Barium nitrate 30 Lead sulphocyanate 8 Glass 10. An ammunition priming mixture compris- 20 ing substantially:
l f Per cent Hexamethylentriperoxydiamine 5 Lead styphnate 35 Barium nitrat 39 Lead pero 5 Antimony sulphide 5 Calcium silicide 11 11. An ammunition priming mixture comprising substantially:
Per cent Hexamethylenetriperoxydiamine 5 Mercury fulminate 37 Barium nitrat 30 5 Lead sulphocy 8 Glass 20 12. An ammunition priming mixture containing hexamethylenetriperoxydiamine as a sensitizer, and an oxidizer from the group consisting of lead peroxide, lead nitrate and barium nitrate.
LAWTON A. BURROWS. WILLI BR'UN.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US345102A US2341263A (en) | 1940-07-12 | 1940-07-12 | Ammunition priming mixture |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US345102A US2341263A (en) | 1940-07-12 | 1940-07-12 | Ammunition priming mixture |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2341263A true US2341263A (en) | 1944-02-08 |
Family
ID=23353530
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US345102A Expired - Lifetime US2341263A (en) | 1940-07-12 | 1940-07-12 | Ammunition priming mixture |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2341263A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2506229A (en) * | 1948-04-30 | 1950-05-02 | Ici Ltd | Electric fuse |
-
1940
- 1940-07-12 US US345102A patent/US2341263A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2506229A (en) * | 1948-04-30 | 1950-05-02 | Ici Ltd | Electric fuse |
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