US2323890A - Coated wire - Google Patents

Coated wire Download PDF

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US2323890A
US2323890A US265115A US26511539A US2323890A US 2323890 A US2323890 A US 2323890A US 265115 A US265115 A US 265115A US 26511539 A US26511539 A US 26511539A US 2323890 A US2323890 A US 2323890A
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wire
zinc
copper
coating
inch
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US265115A
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Orville E Adler
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National Standard Co
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National Standard Co
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
    • H01B1/02—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of metals or alloys
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
    • Y10S428/923—Physical dimension
    • Y10S428/924—Composite
    • Y10S428/926—Thickness of individual layer specified
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
    • Y10S428/9335—Product by special process
    • Y10S428/934—Electrical process
    • Y10S428/935—Electroplating
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
    • Y10S428/9335—Product by special process
    • Y10S428/939—Molten or fused coating
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12687—Pb- and Sn-base components: alternative to or next to each other
    • Y10T428/12694—Pb- and Sn-base components: alternative to or next to each other and next to Cu- or Fe-base component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12785—Group IIB metal-base component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12785—Group IIB metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12792—Zn-base component
    • Y10T428/12799—Next to Fe-base component [e.g., galvanized]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12903—Cu-base component

Definitions

  • wire suitable for incorporation in a rubber tire bead compound may be produced by coating a ferrous base wire separately with zinc and copper, the copper being thin enough to alloy throughout with the zinc under atmospheric or vulcanizing temperatures so that a layer of brass is produced at the surface which will then adhere rmly to the rubber.
  • the present process is an improvement upon the process set forth in the Domm patents, in that the wire is produced at a lower cost and, because of the new method of production. -it is possible to use lesser amounts of zinc and copper in order to produce the same effect from the standpoint of permanence, adherence and corrosion-resistance.
  • the wires were ilrst drawn down to the desired size, generally around .039 to .ii-'i3 inches in diameter, after which they had to be carefully cleaned to remove the cleaning compound usedin drawing. The wires were then hot galvanized, after which they were copperplated to the desired thickness.
  • the wires are galvanized before drawing, and are then coated with copper ci the desired thickness and drawn to the desired size. It was anticipated that this method of procedure would leave the wires deficient in zinc, inasmuch as the amount of zinc applicable by the hot dipping method is lined within narrow limits.
  • Figure l illustrates the original coated wire
  • Figure 2 represents the drawn wire coated with rubber.
  • a ferrous base wire is coated with a thin coating oi hot galvanized zinc ii to which is applied a layer oi electroplated copper s.
  • wire or "approximately .00013 to .00033 inch in thickness.
  • the zinc coated wire is then cleaned and passed into a copper plating bath.
  • the plating is preferably carried out by the cyanide process, using a solution, for example, containing lirl/2 ounces of sodium cyanide, 3 ounces of copper cyanide, 2 ounces of sodium carbonate and 1A ounce of sodium' hyposulphite per gallon. Generally several consecutive plating baths are used. A satisfactory current density is 30 amperes per square foot.
  • Copper is applied tc the wire in the amount of approximately 1/2 to 3 grams per kilogram of .070 inch wire.
  • the plated wires are washed and may then be drawn without special lubricant to reduce them This 'may be ⁇ within the range of .03s to .043 inch, but it is preferred to reduce the diameter to .025 inch.
  • the copper itself acts as an effective lubricating material. The drawing does not adversely aiect the adl herence of the coating to rubber.
  • steel tire l'bead A wires having a diameter of .060 to .070 are thor- Y
  • the zinc coating has a thickness of approximately .00004 to .0001 inch. This range is materially less than that shown to be desirable for the zinc coating in the Domm patents. Nevertheless the corrosion resistance of the wire under conditions ci use is quite comparable.
  • the thickness of th copper coating ranges from approximately 17400000 inch to 1/60000 inch. While these figures overlap the range described in the Domm patents, the minimum thickness suitable under the present process is about 40% lower than the minimum shown in the Domm patents. This is in spite of the fact that some of the copper is lost in the drawing operation.
  • corrosion-resisting metals may be used, and particularly those which will alloy with copper or will produce with the copper a rubber adherent coating.
  • Such metals include (besides zinc), cadmium, tin and lead, and alloys thereof.
  • it is preferred to apply such corrosion-resisting metals in substantially pure state that is, at least 90% of the added metal of the initial layer will normally consist of one or more of the corrosion-resisting metals, but it is frequently possible to use alloys containing less than this proportion of the corrosion-resisting metal.
  • the metals alloyed with the corrosion-resisting metals in the initial coat may belany metal desired for that purpose and which does not interlere with the subsequent operations. Small percentages of aluminum, magnesium, antimony, copper or arsenic are frequently used in the lower coat.
  • Zinc and cadmium provide an electro-positive coating which acts eiectrolytically and protects even though the coating is not complete. Tin and lead provide mechanical protection which is excellent if complete, but under present methods of application this is not accomplished.
  • the coating of corrosion-resistant metal is, however, more continuous under the present system than before. While cadmium is chemically preferred to ⁇ zinc, it ⁇ is much more expensive, so that economically mnc is preferable. Tin is considerablymore effective than lead.
  • the wire of course rises to a temperature of several hundred degrees. At this temperature, due to the extreme thinness of the copper coating, there is, some incipient alloying with the zinc, but the color of the wire does not change to that of brass. It is possible that the advanced temperature, with the resultant increased diiusion and the initial alloying which may occur, is responsible for some of ,the improved properties.
  • the pressure oi. the drawing operation of course tends to increase the intermixture of copper and zinc.
  • a copper coated article comprising a ferrous metal wire, a coating of a corrosion resistant metal of the class consisting of zinc, cadmium, lead and tin on the wire.
  • said coating having a thickness between approximately 0.00004 and 0.0001 inch, a thin copper coating thereon having a thickness of less than approximately 300000 inch and not less than $400000 inch, the wire and coatings having been substantially ,reduced in cross sectional area by drawing through a die. and the resulting wire having a corrosion resistance markedly greater than an undrawn wire having the same thiclmess of the metal of the class consisting ofzinc, cadmium, lead and tin.
  • the step of producing a rubber adherent coating by separately coating ferrous Wire with a thin layer of corrosion resistant metal of the class consisting of zinc, cadmium, tin and lead, said coating having a thickness between 0.00013 and 0.00033 inch, applying a layer of electro-plated copper thereon, and drawing the coated wire substantially to reduce its diameter until the metal of the class consisting of zinc, cadmium, lead and tin has a thickness of approximately 0.00004 to 0.0001 inch, the copper being of a thickness initially to produce at the conclusion of the drawing a coating having a thickness of less than approximately 1/00000 inch and not less than 1/400000 inch, the resulting wire having a corrosion resistance markedly greater Ithan an undrawn wire having the same thickness of the metal of the class consisting ol zinc, cadmium, lead and tin.

Description

July13,1943 l lo. E. ADLER 2,323,890
COATED WIRE Filed March 3l, 1939 @5M am@ am, Mywmm Psfenrss'iuly 13, 1943 COATED WIRE Orville E, Adler, Niles, Mich., assigner to National-Standard Company, a corporation ofA Michigan Application March 31, 1939, Serial No. 265,115 4' claims. (ci. zei-35) This invention relates to a coated wire and a method of preparing the same.
As set forth in Domm Patents Nos. 2,002,261 and 2,002,263, issued May 21, 1935, wire suitable for incorporation in a rubber tire bead compound may be produced by coating a ferrous base wire separately with zinc and copper, the copper being thin enough to alloy throughout with the zinc under atmospheric or vulcanizing temperatures so that a layer of brass is produced at the surface which will then adhere rmly to the rubber.
The present process is an improvement upon the process set forth in the Domm patents, in that the wire is produced at a lower cost and, because of the new method of production. -it is possible to use lesser amounts of zinc and copper in order to produce the same effect from the standpoint of permanence, adherence and corrosion-resistance. In the Domm process the wires were ilrst drawn down to the desired size, generally around .039 to .ii-'i3 inches in diameter, after which they had to be carefully cleaned to remove the cleaning compound usedin drawing. The wires were then hot galvanized, after which they were copperplated to the desired thickness.
1n the present process the wires are galvanized before drawing, and are then coated with copper ci the desired thickness and drawn to the desired size. It was anticipated that this method of procedure would leave the wires deficient in zinc, inasmuch as the amount of zinc applicable by the hot dipping method is lined within narrow limits.
The invention is illustrated in the drawing in which Figure l. illustrates the original coated wire and Figure 2 represents the drawn wire coated with rubber. As shown in Figure 1, a ferrous base wire is coated with a thin coating oi hot galvanized zinc ii to which is applied a layer oi electroplated copper s.
En the corresponding view in Figure 2 the wire has been reduced in area and the reduced wire 0 is shown coated with a thinner layer of zinc 0, areduced layer of copper i and a vulcanized rubber coating 0. l
instead of zinc, tin, lead or cadmium may be employed.
`to the desired size.
ably in they range of approximately 820 to 840 F. The Wire is wiped after the zinc plating operation by what is known as the tight wipe" method. In this process the amount of zinc added is approxmately 6 to 15 grams per kilogram of .070
wire, or "approximately .00013 to .00033 inch in thickness.
The zinc coated wire is then cleaned and passed into a copper plating bath. The plating is preferably carried out by the cyanide process, using a solution, for example, containing lirl/2 ounces of sodium cyanide, 3 ounces of copper cyanide, 2 ounces of sodium carbonate and 1A ounce of sodium' hyposulphite per gallon. Generally several consecutive plating baths are used. A satisfactory current density is 30 amperes per square foot.
Care must be observed in avoiding gas bubbles and it is preferred to circulate`the electrolyte continuously at a temperature of about 120 F.
Copper is applied tc the wire in the amount of approximately 1/2 to 3 grams per kilogram of .070 inch wire.
The plated wires are washed and may then be drawn without special lubricant to reduce them This 'may be` within the range of .03s to .043 inch, but it is preferred to reduce the diameter to .025 inch. The copper itself acts as an effective lubricating material. The drawing does not adversely aiect the adl herence of the coating to rubber.
As an example of the process. steel tire l'bead A wires having a diameter of .060 to .070 are thor- Y When so reduced the zinc coating has a thickness of approximately .00004 to .0001 inch. This range is materially less than that shown to be desirable for the zinc coating in the Domm patents. Nevertheless the corrosion resistance of the wire under conditions ci use is quite comparable.
The thickness of th copper coating ranges from approximately 17400000 inch to 1/60000 inch. While these figures overlap the range described in the Domm patents, the minimum thickness suitable under the present process is about 40% lower than the minimum shown in the Domm patents. This is in spite of the fact that some of the copper is lost in the drawing operation.
The reason for the improvement is not understood, but it may lie in the fact that the copper is more uniformly distributed over the surface than was the case with the Domm process.
As already explained, in place of the zinc other corrosion-resisting metals may be used, and particularly those which will alloy with copper or will produce with the copper a rubber adherent coating. Such metals include (besides zinc), cadmium, tin and lead, and alloys thereof. In general it is preferred to apply such corrosion-resisting metals in substantially pure state, that is, at least 90% of the added metal of the initial layer will normally consist of one or more of the corrosion-resisting metals, but it is frequently possible to use alloys containing less than this proportion of the corrosion-resisting metal. The metals alloyed with the corrosion-resisting metals in the initial coat may belany metal desired for that purpose and which does not interlere with the subsequent operations. Small percentages of aluminum, magnesium, antimony, copper or arsenic are frequently used in the lower coat.
The use of zinc or cadmium is much preferred to lead or tin. Zinc and cadmium provide an electro-positive coating which acts eiectrolytically and protects even though the coating is not complete. Tin and lead provide mechanical protection which is excellent if complete, but under present methods of application this is not accomplished. The coating of corrosion-resistant metal is, however, more continuous under the present system than before. While cadmium is chemically preferred to` zinc, it `is much more expensive, so that economically mnc is preferable. Tin is considerablymore effective than lead.
During the drawing operation the wire of course rises to a temperature of several hundred degrees. At this temperature, due to the extreme thinness of the copper coating, there is, some incipient alloying with the zinc, but the color of the wire does not change to that of brass. It is possible that the advanced temperature, with the resultant increased diiusion and the initial alloying which may occur, is responsible for some of ,the improved properties. The pressure oi. the drawing operation of course tends to increase the intermixture of copper and zinc.
I claim:
l. A copper coated article comprising a ferrous metal wire, a coating of a corrosion resistant metal of the class consisting of zinc, cadmium, lead and tin on the wire. said coating having a thickness between approximately 0.00004 and 0.0001 inch, a thin copper coating thereon having a thickness of less than approximately 300000 inch and not less than $400000 inch, the wire and coatings having been substantially ,reduced in cross sectional area by drawing through a die. and the resulting wire having a corrosion resistance markedly greater than an undrawn wire having the same thiclmess of the metal of the class consisting ofzinc, cadmium, lead and tin.
2.- An article as set forth in claim l, inwhich the underlying coating is zinc.
3. In the production of copper coated ferrous base articles, the step of producing a rubber adherent coating by separately coating ferrous Wire with a thin layer of corrosion resistant metal of the class consisting of zinc, cadmium, tin and lead, said coating having a thickness between 0.00013 and 0.00033 inch, applying a layer of electro-plated copper thereon, and drawing the coated wire substantially to reduce its diameter until the metal of the class consisting of zinc, cadmium, lead and tin has a thickness of approximately 0.00004 to 0.0001 inch, the copper being of a thickness initially to produce at the conclusion of the drawing a coating having a thickness of less than approximately 1/00000 inch and not less than 1/400000 inch, the resulting wire having a corrosion resistance markedly greater Ithan an undrawn wire having the same thickness of the metal of the class consisting ol zinc, cadmium, lead and tin.
4. The method as set forth in claim 3, in which ORVILLE E. ADLER.
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Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2563113A (en) * 1948-04-13 1951-08-07 Us Rubber Co Method of bonding rubber to metals
US2657176A (en) * 1949-04-01 1953-10-27 Conmar Prod Corp Electrodeposition of copper and copper alloys upon zinc and zinc alloys
US2689399A (en) * 1950-12-05 1954-09-21 Western Electric Co Plated article and method of making it
US2746135A (en) * 1947-09-30 1956-05-22 United States Steel Corp Wire-reinforced rubber article and method of making the same
US2776255A (en) * 1955-07-07 1957-01-01 Rockwell Spring & Axle Co Method of making formed, plated articles
US2858520A (en) * 1955-01-03 1958-10-28 Chance Co Ab Electrical connector
US2870526A (en) * 1955-09-23 1959-01-27 Nat Standard Co Brass plated rubber adherent steel wire
US2918722A (en) * 1955-11-02 1959-12-29 Nat Standard Co Electrical communication wire
US3658490A (en) * 1970-02-06 1972-04-25 Usui Kokusai Sangyo Kk Anticorrosion coated steel pipe
US5730851A (en) * 1995-02-24 1998-03-24 International Business Machines Corporation Method of making electronic housings more reliable by preventing formation of metallic whiskers on the sheets used to fabricate them
US20140037985A1 (en) * 2011-12-26 2014-02-06 Shandong Daye Co., Ltd. High-strength tin-plated bronze tire bead steel wire and fabricating method thereof

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2746135A (en) * 1947-09-30 1956-05-22 United States Steel Corp Wire-reinforced rubber article and method of making the same
US2563113A (en) * 1948-04-13 1951-08-07 Us Rubber Co Method of bonding rubber to metals
US2657176A (en) * 1949-04-01 1953-10-27 Conmar Prod Corp Electrodeposition of copper and copper alloys upon zinc and zinc alloys
US2689399A (en) * 1950-12-05 1954-09-21 Western Electric Co Plated article and method of making it
US2858520A (en) * 1955-01-03 1958-10-28 Chance Co Ab Electrical connector
US2776255A (en) * 1955-07-07 1957-01-01 Rockwell Spring & Axle Co Method of making formed, plated articles
US2870526A (en) * 1955-09-23 1959-01-27 Nat Standard Co Brass plated rubber adherent steel wire
US2918722A (en) * 1955-11-02 1959-12-29 Nat Standard Co Electrical communication wire
US3658490A (en) * 1970-02-06 1972-04-25 Usui Kokusai Sangyo Kk Anticorrosion coated steel pipe
US5730851A (en) * 1995-02-24 1998-03-24 International Business Machines Corporation Method of making electronic housings more reliable by preventing formation of metallic whiskers on the sheets used to fabricate them
US20140037985A1 (en) * 2011-12-26 2014-02-06 Shandong Daye Co., Ltd. High-strength tin-plated bronze tire bead steel wire and fabricating method thereof

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