(No Model.)
I. KINNE'Y. Calipers and Dividers. No. 230,876. Patented Aug,.10,1880.
W110 i ATTORNEY MPETERS. PNOTO LITHOGRAPNEEL WASHINGTON. DJ}.
UNITED STATES PATENT Orricet ISRAEL KINNEY, OF WINDSOR, ONTARIO, CANADA.
CALIPERS AND DI VIDERS.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 230,876, dated August 10, 1880.
Application filed May 1, 1680.
To all whom it may concern:
Beitknown thatI, ISRAEL KINNEY, of Windsor, county of Essex, Province of Ontario, Canada, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Calipers; and I declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it pertains to make and use it, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, which form a part of this specification.
My invention consists in the combinations of devices and appliances hereinafter specified, andmore particularlypointed out in the claims.
In the drawings, Figure 1 is a view of calipers illustrating my invention; Fig. 2, a separate view of the parts composing the head or joint; Fig. 3, a variation, in which is shown a combined compasses and calipers, and an additional calipers, so as to caliper two sizes with but one adjustment; Fig. 4, a variation, in which the improved points are shown upon an ordinary calipers; Fig. 5, a calipers or compasses, in which handles are attached to the movable parts of the heads, so that the device can be opened by pinching between the thumb and finger. Fig. 6 is a form of double calipers, in which the central leg is made fast with the disk B and washer-plate D, and both the curved legs are, like the disk B, journaled loosely upon the hub device, which couples together the disk B and plate D.
The object of my invention is, first, to provide a calipers with movable legs, and a head or joint composed of two plates, with which the legs engage, respectively, and a clampscrew by which the legs may be firmly clamped between the plates, making them rigid or giving to them just as much or little friction as may be desired; secondly, in providing the legs with pivoted points, so that in gaging any article with the calipers the legs, which are always more or less liable to spring, need not move at all, but simply the hinged points be made to yield about their hinges; thirdly, in combining a calipers and a compasses so that the device may be used for either purpose, and also providing an additional pair of pivoted points, so that a double calipers is made and capable of gaging two different sizes (No model.)
with a single adjustment; fourthly, in providing calipers with a clamping-head and handles projecting from the disks forming the head, so thatthe points can be made to open out by simply pinching together the two handles between the thumb and finger.
To this end, A A represent the two legs of a calipers B and B, two disks, between which the legs are clamped by a set-screw, G, and a washer-plate, D. One of the disks, B, is provided with lugs b, forming a V-shaped recess to engage one of the legs A of the calipers, and the other disk, B, provided with similar lugs b and recess for engagement with the other leg, A. The legs A and A are both capable of being lengthened or shortened by sliding longitudinally between the disks, and when opened or closed the corresponding disk moves bodily with its leg about the set-screw; but when properly set they may be clamped rigidly or given any desired amount of friction by means of the set-screw.
It is apparent that this device is equally applicable to compasses, and the lengthening and shortening of the legs are then made available, in order to cause one leg of the compasses to scribe upon a higher or lower level than the other. I propose, also, to employ the device as a combined calipers and compasses, and to this'end I form upon each of the legs a projecting lug, E, formed or attached as shown in Fig. 3, and when turned in they may be employed as outside calipers; but when they are turned outward they may serve as inside calipers. So, also, when the device is to be employed as compasses they may be turned out so as to permit the points of the compasses to be brought close together.
I show two forms of such combined calipers and compasses in Fig. 3.
In order to avoid all springing of the legs of the calipers I propose, generally, to employ the pivoted points F, which will alone yield by turning about their pivots and produce an accurate gage, and when employed as shown in Fig. 3 the rigid-lugs E may serve as calipers for one size, and a smaller size be calipered by the additional pivoted points F, thus requiring but a single adjustment for the two sizes.
When the pivoted points F are employed I do not in their use limit myself to a device having removable legs and a clamping-head but they may be used on any ordinary form of calipers or compasses, as shown in Fig. 4.
It is well known that it is difficult to open calipers with a single hand, while it is quite easy to close them by simply pinching the two legs together with the thumb and finger. I propose to attach handles G G to .the respective disks B B, so that when the calipers are closed it it is only necessary to pinch the handles G G together with the hand in order to open the calipers, and this may be employed on calipers with or without the removable legs.
The head is so formed, as shown, that a projection, Z), of any suitable nature, made solid with the disk B, engages with a corresponding projection, 61, of the washer-plate D, so that the disk B and the washer-plate will always move together, while the disk B will move upon the said projections as a pivot. By this construction set-screw 0, disk B, and plate D always move together, and consequently there is never any tendency of the screw to work loose. This device is well adapted for any of the usual purposes for which such a head is employed-as, for instance, in compasses and calipers. When a head of this character is employed it is not absolutely essential that the legs AA should be separable from the head; but, on the con trary, one leg may be made in a single piece with the disk B and the otherin a single piece with the disk B. V-shaped seats for removable legs the legs may be provided with projecting pins which set into corresponding holes in the disks B B.
The calipers may be made with three legs, as shown in Fig. 6, in which A is the middle leg, and is made rigid with the washer-plate D and disk B by means of a slotted opening, a whereby it embraces the hub portion b, (shown in Fig. 2,) but cannot turn upon it while the legs A A are free to move, thus forming a So, also, instead of making,
double calipers by employing but three legs all on the same side of the center pivot.
What I claim is- 1. A calipers or compasses consisting; essentially, in the combination, with adjustable and removable legs, of two independent disks, each provided with a seat for one of the legs, and a set-screw for securing the disks together, substantially as set forth.
2. A combined compasses and calipers, consistin g of pivoted legs provided with compasspoints and having caliper legs or arms located on the inner sides thereof between the points and pivot, substantially as set forth.
3. Adouble calipers consisting of legs having lugs or pivoted points at their ends, and another set of pivoted points located between the former and the caliper-head, substantially as described.
4. A combined compasses and double calipers, consisting of legs pivoted at the compasshead, having compass-points, caliper-lugs, or pivoted points located back of but near the compass-points, and a second set of pivoted caliper-points located between the latter and the compass-head, substantially as described.
5. The clamping-head consisting of the independent disks B B, provided, respectively, with seats on their adjacent sides for retaining the legs in place, the washer-plate D, and set or clamps screws 0, substantially as set forth.
6. The combination, with the disk B, provided with a projection, I), and washer D, constructed with a circular hub having a recess, (1, formed therein, within which is received the projection 12 on disk B, journaled upon the circular hub or bearing or washer D, and setscrew 0, substantially as set forth.
In testimony whereof I sign this specification in the presence of two witnesses.
ISRAEL KINNEY.
Witnesses:
WILL. M. PORTER, S. E. THOMAS.