US2301390A - Primary cell - Google Patents
Primary cell Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2301390A US2301390A US401435A US40143541A US2301390A US 2301390 A US2301390 A US 2301390A US 401435 A US401435 A US 401435A US 40143541 A US40143541 A US 40143541A US 2301390 A US2301390 A US 2301390A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- cell
- magnesium
- primary cell
- anode
- electrolyte
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 12
- KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L chromic acid Substances O[Cr](O)(=O)=O KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N furo[3,4-b]pyrazine-5,7-dione Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=N1 AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000478345 Afer Species 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CRGGPIWCSGOBDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;dioxido(dioxo)chromium Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O CRGGPIWCSGOBDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009738 saturating Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/04—Cells with aqueous electrolyte
Definitions
- This invention relates to an improved primary cell utilizing metallic magnesium as the anode material.
- An object of the invention is to provide a primary cell which is capable of a considerably higher energy output per unit weight than cells now in common use. Another object is to provide a .cell which is of unusually simple construction and m-ay be readily fabricated from a very few elements. A further 'Objectis' to prodoes not deteriorate when standing without delivering current. Other objects will be evident from the description.
- the essential elements of the new primary cell are an anode composed of metallic magnesium, a cathode of chemically inert electrically conducting material such asv carbon or graphite, and an electrolyte invcontact vwith the electrodes and consisting essentially of an aqueous solution of chromic acid.
- the anode may be formed either of pure metallic magnesium or of a magnesium-base alloy containing a major proportion of the metal, all such materials being included with the term magnesium as hereinafter"employed,l
- metallic magnesium of at least 99.5 per cent purity is to be preferred because of its somewhat higher electrode efficiency and its higher hydrogen overvoltage.
- the electrolyte.v preferably consists 'offa Water V solution of chromic acid,.' and is'. conveniently prepared by dissolving chromic anhydride (CrOs) in distilled Water. Concentrations of ichromic anhydride of from 11 parts by weight per ⁇ 100 Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic vertical section of a simple form of the new cell; and
- Fig. 2 is a similar section of another form of the cell.
- the cell illustrated in Fig. 1 is contained in a j ar 3 of an insulating substance such as glass or molded synthetic plastic, fitted with a tight cover 4 of like material, and filled with a water l solution of chromic acid 5..
- a cell which is not subject to gassing and parts of water up to a saturating amount are,
- This electrolyte is inert to the magnesium anode except when the cell is delivering current, and even then does not cause the for-'- mation of any significant coating on the electrode.
- inert solu-tes may, of course, be present in the electrolyte without departing from the invention.
- a simple water solution of chromic acid is jarfthroughseparate hole'slin the cover so as to contact the y'electrolyte are a magnesium rod 6 and a carbon rod 1, each rod being provided with 'a binding post.
- the cell of Fig. 2,' which is of the dry cell" type, i-s contained in a cup 8, formed doi metallic magnesium, 'the cup alsoserving as the anode of the cell, and-being for this purpose provided with abinding post 9. Fitting closely inside the magnesium.' cup is a liner I0 separating the anode from the'cathode 'portion of theA cell, the liner being formed of a chemicallyv inert electrically non-conducting porous material such as blotting paper', cloth fabric, or .the like.
- the cell is iilledwith a mass of nely-divided carbon H, Withwhich a carbon rod I2 extending through the Asealed insulating cover I3 is in direct electrical contact.
- a carbon rod I2 extending through the Asealed insulating cover I3 is in direct electrical contact.
- 'Ihe mass of fine carbn issaturated with a water solution of chromic acid as electrolyte.
- the cell develops an open circuit potential of l about 1.2.vol-ts, while the energy output per unit fweight of cell is considerably in excess of that solution of chromic acid.
- a primary ycell comprising a magnesium anode. a'carbon cathode, and-an electrolyte coni-)istinti ⁇ oi' a water solution of chromic acid.
- a cell according to claim 2 wherein the metallic magnesium forming the anode is of at least 99.5 per cent purity.
- a primary cell in whlch'the essential elements consist of a magnesium g anode, a carbon 5 cathode. and an electrolyteconsisting of the solution prepared by dissolving at least 11 parts by weight of chromic anhydride in I100 parts ot wa ter.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
Description
W. R. FORSYTHE Nov. 10, 1942.
PRIMARY CELL Filed July a, 1941 n if w C \\/afer Solv/ion op Chrom/'c cl'a/ e wy bH TA1 CMA /a/o.c eel w/am /aro pw?.
` IN V EN TOR. y \V/`///'am Fonsy//a e ATTo/LNEYS Patented Nov. l0, 1942 PRIMARY CELL z William R. Forsythe, Midland, Mich., assig'nor to' The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Mich.,
a corporation of Michigan y Application .my s, 194.1,v serial Nt.V 401,435
claims. (ci. iss-10o) This invention relates to an improved primary cell utilizing metallic magnesium as the anode material.
An object of the invention is to provide a primary cell which is capable of a considerably higher energy output per unit weight than cells now in common use. Another object is to provide a .cell which is of unusually simple construction and m-ay be readily fabricated from a very few elements. A further 'Objectis' to prodoes not deteriorate when standing without delivering current. Other objects will be evident from the description.
.The essential elements of the new primary cell are an anode composed of metallic magnesium, a cathode of chemically inert electrically conducting material such asv carbon or graphite, and an electrolyte invcontact vwith the electrodes and consisting essentially of an aqueous solution of chromic acid.
The anode may be formed either of pure metallic magnesium or of a magnesium-base alloy containing a major proportion of the metal, all such materials being included with the term magnesium as hereinafter"employed,l However, metallic magnesium of at least 99.5 per cent purity is to be preferred because of its somewhat higher electrode efficiency and its higher hydrogen overvoltage. I.
The electrolyte.v preferably consists 'offa Water V solution of chromic acid,.' and is'. conveniently prepared by dissolving chromic anhydride (CrOs) in distilled Water. Concentrations of ichromic anhydride of from 11 parts by weight per `100 Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic vertical section of a simple form of the new cell; and
Fig. 2 is a similar section of another form of the cell.
.The cell illustrated in Fig. 1 is contained in a j ar 3 of an insulating substance such as glass or molded synthetic plastic, fitted with a tight cover 4 of like material, and filled with a water l solution of chromic acid 5.. ,Depending into the ,10'- vide a cellwhich is not subject to gassing and parts of water up to a saturating amount are,
preferred. This electrolyte is inert to the magnesium anode except when the cell is delivering current, and even then does not cause the for-'- mation of any significant coating on the electrode.
Small proportions of inert solu-tes may, of course, be present in the electrolyte without departing from the invention. In general, however, a simple water solution of chromic acid is jarfthroughseparate hole'slin the cover so as to contact the y'electrolyte are a magnesium rod 6 and a carbon rod 1, each rod being provided with 'a binding post.
The cell of Fig. 2,' which is of the dry cell" type, i-s contained in a cup 8, formed doi metallic magnesium, 'the cup alsoserving as the anode of the cell, and-being for this purpose provided with abinding post 9. Fitting closely inside the magnesium.' cup is a liner I0 separating the anode from the'cathode 'portion of theA cell, the liner being formed of a chemicallyv inert electrically non-conducting porous material such as blotting paper', cloth fabric, or .the like. Inside the liner the cell is iilledwith a mass of nely-divided carbon H, Withwhich a carbon rod I2 extending through the Asealed insulating cover I3 is in direct electrical contact. 'Ihe mass of fine carbn issaturated with a water solution of chromic acid as electrolyte.
,. 'The' electrolytic reaction in the new cell is not .fully understood, but appears to involve an oxi-` dation atrrtheanod'e of the metallic magnesium, vprobably with the formation of magnesium chromate, and aj reduction as the cathode of the chromic acid, with liberation of trl-valent chro.
mium salts.
The cell develops an open circuit potential of l about 1.2.vol-ts, while the energy output per unit fweight of cell is considerably in excess of that solution of chromic acid.
2. A primary ycell `comprising a magnesium anode. a'carbon cathode, and-an electrolyte coni-)istinti` oi' a water solution of chromic acid.
3. A cell according to claim 2 wherein the metallic magnesium forming the anode is of at least 99.5 per cent purity. v
4. A primary cell in whlch'the essential elements consist of a magnesium g anode, a carbon 5 cathode. and an electrolyteconsisting of the solution prepared by dissolving at least 11 parts by weight of chromic anhydride in I100 parts ot wa ter.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US401435A US2301390A (en) | 1941-07-08 | 1941-07-08 | Primary cell |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US401435A US2301390A (en) | 1941-07-08 | 1941-07-08 | Primary cell |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2301390A true US2301390A (en) | 1942-11-10 |
Family
ID=23587746
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US401435A Expired - Lifetime US2301390A (en) | 1941-07-08 | 1941-07-08 | Primary cell |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2301390A (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2491640A (en) * | 1945-06-20 | 1949-12-20 | Burgess Battery Co | Deferred action battery |
| US2530751A (en) * | 1947-07-28 | 1950-11-21 | Gladys H Bucklin | Primary cell |
| US2598226A (en) * | 1950-03-03 | 1952-05-27 | Burgess Battery Co | Dry cell and separator therefor |
| US2808066A (en) * | 1955-08-24 | 1957-10-01 | Vito A Pugliese | Drip catcher |
| DE1262384B (en) * | 1959-07-28 | 1968-03-07 | Yardney International Corp | Electrochemical filling element with a negative magnesium electrode |
| US20160380306A1 (en) * | 2015-06-26 | 2016-12-29 | King Abdulaziz University | Graphene oxide based electrochemical cell and battery |
-
1941
- 1941-07-08 US US401435A patent/US2301390A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2491640A (en) * | 1945-06-20 | 1949-12-20 | Burgess Battery Co | Deferred action battery |
| US2530751A (en) * | 1947-07-28 | 1950-11-21 | Gladys H Bucklin | Primary cell |
| US2598226A (en) * | 1950-03-03 | 1952-05-27 | Burgess Battery Co | Dry cell and separator therefor |
| US2808066A (en) * | 1955-08-24 | 1957-10-01 | Vito A Pugliese | Drip catcher |
| DE1262384B (en) * | 1959-07-28 | 1968-03-07 | Yardney International Corp | Electrochemical filling element with a negative magnesium electrode |
| US20160380306A1 (en) * | 2015-06-26 | 2016-12-29 | King Abdulaziz University | Graphene oxide based electrochemical cell and battery |
| US9979052B2 (en) * | 2015-06-26 | 2018-05-22 | King Abdulaziz University | Graphene oxide based electrochemical cell and battery |
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