US2293426A

US2293426A - Apparatus and method for liner assemblies

Info

Publication number: US2293426A
Application number: US167976A
Authority: US
Inventors: Clarence J Coberly
Original assignee: ROKO CORP
Current assignee: ROKO Corp
Priority date: 1937-10-08
Filing date: 1937-10-08
Publication date: 1942-08-18
Anticipated expiration: 1959-08-18

Description

Aug. 18, 1942. Q CQBERLY 2,293,426

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR LINER ASSEMBLIES Filed OCC. 8, 1937 2 Sheets-Sheet l Aug. 18., 1942. c. J. CQBERLY 2,293,426

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR LINER ASSEMBLIES Filed 061'.. 8. 1937 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 5y CLARE/VCE J COBERLV HARR/ K/ECH Fos nm 3 ARR/s lb (Q)- GP;

A roR/VEKS.

Patented Aug. 18, 1942 APPARATUS AND METHOD FOB LINER mLIES ASS Clarence J. Coberly, Los Angeles, Calif., assignor to Boko Corporation, Reno, Nev., a corporation of Nevada Application October 8, 1937, Serial No. 167,976

(Cl. 2li-84) 9 Claims.

The invention relates in general to the cylinder liner art, and more particularly an apparatus and method for shrinking a cylinder liner in a shell by the application of fluid pressures to the liner and shell. The invention is of particular utility in the cylinder and cylinder liner art and will be described in connection therewith, but it will be understood that it may also have application in other arts, and, accordingly, I do not wish to be limited to the speciiic embodiment described herein.

It is frequently desirable to shrink ilt a cylinder liner into a cylinder shell, as for example in the oil well pumping art, as is shown and described in my copendingapplication Serial No. 720,056, filed April 1l, 1934, entitled Method oi' assembling elements of liquid operated motor. In such practical application, a tubular cylinder liner is inserted into a cylinder shell, the cylinder shell having an internal diameter normally less than the external diameter of the cylinder liner. Heretoiore, my usual manner of performing this operation, as indicated in my above-mentioned copending application, has been to heat the cylinder shell and cool the cylinder liner, so as to cause the shell to expand and the liner to contract until the relative expansion and contraction will permit .the liner to be inserted into the shell, following which the temperatures of the elements are substantially equalized to form a shrink fit therebetween. This system of forming a shrink fit between a cylinder shell and cylinder liner has a number of practical disadvantages. and I have discovered that iluid pressures may be utilized to cause the relative expansion and contraction of the shell and liner, respectively, with a higher degree of commercial success and at a lower cost. Accordingly, it is a primary object of this invention to provide a method and apparatus for forming a shrink fit between a cylinder shell and cylinder liner by the application of fluid pressures thereto.

Another object of my invention is to provide a method and apparatus whereby a shrink fit between a cylinder liner and a cylinder shell may be broken to remove the liner from the shell.

It is another object o! the invention to provide a method and apparatus whereby such a cylinder liner may be inserted into such a cylinder shell while the interior of the shell and the exterior of the liner are subjected to relatively high fluid Further objects and advantages of the invention reside in the particular structure and methods set forth hereinafter, and will be made evident by the following speciiication and claims.

Referring to the drawings, which are for the purpose of illustration only:

Fig. 1 is a sectional elevational view. showing the assembly of my device.

Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken on the line 2-2 of Fig. l.

. Fig. 3 is an enlarged detailed sectional view taken on the line 3-3 of Fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is an enlarged detailed sectional view taken on the line 4-4 of Fig. 2.

Fig. 5 is an enlarged detailed sectional view taken on the line 5-5 of Fig. 2.

Fig. 6 is an enlarged detailed sectional view of the pressure release valve mechanism shown in Fig. 1.

Referring to the drawings, I show, in general, supporting means l0, cylinder shell retaining means 2li, cylinder liner -retaining means 53, actuating means for moving a cylinder liner into or out of a cylinder shell, and iluid pressure means 30 for providing fluid under pressure to the device.

The supporting means I0 is utilized to support the structure utilizing my invention, and is preferably comprised of uprights Il and horizontal braces i2, both of which may be made oi standard angle iron. The cylinder shell retaining means 2li is comprisedof a fixed head 2i suitably secured to the uprights Il as by bolts 22, and a movable head 23 adapted to be moved relative to the xed head 2| by a screw 24 threaded through a screw head 25 supported on the uprights Il by suitable bolts 26. The outer end of the screw 24 has rigidly bolted thereto a hand wheel 21 which may be rotated to advance or retract the screw relative to the screw head 25. The inner end of the screw 24 is provided with an annular groove 23 into which projects a lip 29 of a split plate 33 fixed to the movable head 23 by suitable bolts 3|. The lip 29 nts loosely into the annular channel 23 so as to permit the screw 24 to be rotated relative to the movable head 23. Guide rods 32 are connected between the i'lxed head 2| and the screw head 25 and pass through guide openings 33 in the movable head 23, so as to permit the movable head to be axially moved relative to the fixed head without rotating relative thereto. It will thus be understood that rotation of the hand wheel 21 will cause the screw 24 to advance or retract the movable head 23 relative tothe iixed head 2|.

The movable head 23 is provided with a threaded bore 34, and a needle valve member 35 is threaded into a suitable valve opening formed in the movable head so as to open or close a pressure relief passage 36 communicating between the exterior of the movable head and the interior of the threaded bore. Threaded into the threaded bore 34 is an annular packing retainer member 31 which is adapted to be screwed in to bear against a suitable U-shaped annular packing element 38, formed of leather or other suitable material, which is doubled over an annular packing ring 39 to form a sealing means 4l) between the movable head 23 and a cylinder shell 4| adapted to be inserted into the bore 42 of the annular packing retainer member 31. The diameter of the bore 42 is only slightly greater than the external diameter of the cylinder shell 4|, so as to provide a close fit therebetween. It will be recognized that different sized packing retainer members 31 may readily be substituted for the one shown in order to accommodate different sized cylinder shells therein.

The xed head 2| is likewise provided with a threaded bore 43 axially aligned with the threaded bore 34 of the movable head 23, and contains therein sealing means 44', comprised of a packing retainer 45, a packing element 46; and a packing ring 41, similar to the elements comprising the sealing means 40 of the movable head 23, and which provides sealing means between the fixed head 2| and the cylinder shell 4|. The iixed head 2| is also provided with a central bore 48 concentric with the threaded bore 43.

The cylinderliner retaining means 50 is comprised of a tubular vestibule member having a bore 52 therein of substantially the same diameter as the central bore 48 of the fixed head 2|, which is connected to the fixed head in axial alignment therewith by suitable means such as welding 53, the bore 52 being adapted to receive and retain a cylinder liner 54. Although any desired type of cylinder liner 54 may be utilized, I prefer to use a cylinder liner having flutes 55 in the outer surface thereof and having a bore 56, as shown in Fig. 3. The cylinder liner 54 is preferably closed by end members 51 tting over the ends thereof and compressing packing 58 therebetween, the end members being held together by a rod 59 passing through the bore 56 and securely bolted to the end members, one of the end members having a U-shaped slot 58a therein. The packing 58 provides a Huid-tight seal between the liner 54 and the end members 51 to seal 0E the interior of the cylinder liner 54.

The actuating means 60 is comprised cfa vestibule head 6| axially aligned with the vestibule member 5| and rigidly connected thereto as by Welding, andl a rack tube member 62 similarly iixed to the vestibule head. The vestibule .head 6| and the rack tube member 62 are provided with longitudinal passages therethrough, 63 and 64 respectively, which are axially aligned with the bore 52 of the vestibule member 5|. The vestibule head 6| is also provided with a transverse opening 65 in the outer ends of which are received threaded

sleeve nuts

66 and 61 counterbored, respectively, to receive packing nuts 68 and 69. Extending through the

sleeve nuts

66 and 61 and the packing nuts 68 and 69 is a transverse rod having Afixed to its outer end a hand wheel 1|, and having iixed on its central portion a pinion 12, positioned between the

sleeve nuts

66 and 61 and registering with the lower end of the longitudinal passage 63 so as to engage the lower side of a rack 13 normally retained in the

passages

63 and 64. The rack 75 13 is provided at its outer end with a T-head 19 adapted to fit into the U-shaped slot 58a of the liner head 51, so as to provide positive means for inserting the liner 54 into the shell 4| or withdrawing it therefrom. The packing nuts 68 and 69 compress packing 15 and 16, respectively, to form a fluid-tight joint between the vestibule head 6| and the transverserod 10, the rod being rotatable by means of the hand wheel 1| to advance or retract the rack 13. The outer end of the rack tube member 62 is closed by a cap 11 welded or otherwise xed thereto. Also provided in the vestibule head 6| is a pressure fiuidpassage 18 communicating between the interior of the bore 63 and the bore 52 and the exterior of the vestibule head.

The fluid pressure means 80 may be any suitable source of high pressure fluid, such as a high pressure oil pump, adapted to supply high pressure iiuid through an intake tubing 8| and the passage 18 to the interior of the vestibule member 5|, the tubing being connected to the vestibule head 6| by a connection plate 82 suitably fixed thereto. Although the fluid pressure means 80 may be of any suitable type, and forms no specific part of the present invention, I prefer to use-a high pressure pump such as shown in the patent of Clarence J. Coberly et al., No. 2,081,224, issued May 25, 1937. It will be recognized, however, that other types of fluid pressure pumps may be utilized without departing from the present invention.

When it is desired, to shrink fit a liner in a cylinder shell, the operation of my device is Vas follows. It will be understood that neither the liner 54 northe cylinder shell 4| will be in the device, and that the uid pressure means 80 will be turned off. The cylinder liner 54 is first assembled with the end members 51 in position thereon to close the bore 56 thereof. The hand wheel 1| is thenrotated in counter-clockwise direction, as seen in Figs. 1 and 2, so as to move the rack 13 to the left as far as possible to the position in which the end thereof is extended out of the nxed head 2|. The cylinder nner s4, with its ends sealed byothe end members 51, may then be hooked on to the rack 13 by inserting the T-head 19 into the slot 58a, and rotation of the hand wheel 1| in a clockwise direction will then retract the rack and the liner connected thereto until the liner is wholly retracted within the vestibule 5| as shown in Fig. 1. During the preceding step, the movable head 23 will have been moved outwardly away from the fixed head 2| by rotating the hand wheel 21 and the screw 24, to provide suiiicient space to permit the cylinder liner 54 to be aligned with the bore 48. The cylinder shell 4| is then inserted into the open end of the packing retainer to the posi tion shown in Fig. 1, and the hand wheel 21 is then rotated so as to advance the movable head 23 until the annular packing retainer member 31 passes over the outer end of the cylinder shell to the DOsition shown in Fig. 1, and a fluid-tight seal is formed between the cylinder shell 4| and the heads 2| and 23. In the form of the invention shown, sealing between the cylinder shell 4| and the heads 2| and 23 is achieved by the sealing means 40 and 44, but it will be recognized that otherforms of sealing means can be substituted therefor without departing from the spirit of the invention, and that the formation of fluid-tight joints between the shell and the heads is generally accomplished by fitting the parts as shown by movement of the movable head relative to the ilxed head.

The fluid pressure means 80 is then actuated so as to pump fiuid under high pressure, such as oil, through the intake tubing 8|, the passage 18, and into the interior of the vestibule member the fluid passing therethrough, through the central bore 48, and into the interior of the cylinder shell 4|. When all air has been expelled from the interior of the cylinder shell 4|, as evidenced by pressure fluid discharging through the relief passage 36, the needle valve 35 is closed, it being important that all air or gas has been expelled prior to closing of the needle valve for complete safety in operation. As is well understood in the art, the internal diameter of the cylinder shell 4| is normally slightly less than the external diameter of the cylinder liner 54, and, accordingly, the pressure of the fluid supplied by the fluid pressure means 80 is suiciently high to slightly expand the cylinder shell 4| and to contract the cylinder liner 54. When this condition has been attained, the hand wheel 1| is rotated in a counter-clockwise direction, as seen in Figs. 1 and 2, to move the rack 13 outwardly in engagement with the end member 51 of the cylinder liner 54 and to move the cylinder liner 54 from the vestibule member 5| through the central bore 48 and into the cylinder shell 4|. It will be found that the cylinder liner will slip readily into position in the cylinder shell 4|, as shown in dotted lines 82 in Fig. 2. Operation of the fluid pressure means 80 is then discontinued, and the needle valve member 35 is actuated so as to open the pressure relief passage 36, and pressure fluid flows outwardly therethrough and exhausts from the interior of the cylinder shell 4| and the communicating parts. With the reduction in pressure due to the exhaust of pressure fluid through the relief passage 36, the cylinder liner 54 expands and the cylinder shell 4| contracts to their normal size, to form a shrink fit therebetween. The hand wheel 21 is then rotated so as to move the screw 24 and the movable head 23 outwardly relative to the fixed head 2| so as to disengage the cylinder shell 4| and the cylinder liner 54 retained therein from the mechanism.

Lubrication between the cylinder shell 4| and the cylinder liner 54 is preferably accomplished by using as a pressure fluid a high viscosity oil, which lubricates the surfaces so that axial dimensional changes of the liner and shell can take place before metal-to-metal contact occurs therebetween, which produces an equilibrium of the texpansive and contractive forces without fricion.

It is also frequently desirable to break a shrink fit between a cylinder liner and a cylinder shell, so that either the liner or the shell, or both, can be salvaged for repair or reassembly, and it will be understood readily that the structure shown and described herein can be utilized for such purpose. In such case, the cylinder shell having the liner therein in shrink t relation is connected to the rack 13 by inserting the T-head 19 into the U-shaped slot 58a, and the cylinder shell is then properly positioned, as described, between the fixed head 2| and the movable head 23 so as to form fluid-tight joints therebetween. Upon admission of the pressure fluid by means of actuation of the fluid pressure means 80, as described above, the cylinder shell 4| expands and the cylinder liner 54 contracts until the liner may be withdrawn from the shell by operating the actuating means 68 so as to move the rack 13 to the position shown in Fig. l, in which the liner is wholly removed from the shell and is in retracted position within the vestibule 5|. After the pressure relief passage 38 has been opened to relieve the pressure, andthe cylinder shell 4| removed, the actuating means 60 may then be operated so as to move the rack 13, and consequently the liner 54, to the left, to permit the liner to be disengaged from the rack.

In practice, I have-found that where a cylinder shell having an external diameter ot 33/4 inches is used, a fluid pressure of 11,000 pounds per square inch will provide a clearance of 0.004 inch between the shell and the cylinder liner, which is sufficient to permit entry or withdrawal of the liner into or out of the shell. For othersized cylinder shells and liners the pressures and clearances vary somewhat, but my invention is adaptable to a wide variety of operating conditions, and it will be understood that these specific values are given for the purpose of illustration only.

Although I have shown and described my invention herein in simple and practical form, it is to be recognized that certain parts or elements thereof are representative of other parts, elements, or mechanisms which may be used in substantially the same manner to accomplish substantially the same results. Therefore, it is to be understood that the invention is not to be limited to the details disclosed herein but is to be accorded the full scope of the following claims.

I claim as my invention:

1. A method of assembling a metallic cylinder liner in a metallic cylinder shell, the cylinder liner normally having an external diameter greater than the internal diameter of the cylinder shell, including the steps of: creating a fluid pressure differential between the inside and outside of said cylinder liner so as to contract it to an external diameter less than the internal diameter of said cylinder shell; moving said cylinder liner into said cylinder shell while said cylinder liner is so contracted; and removing said fluid pressure differential on said liner so as to permit said cylinder liner to expand radially so as to engage said cylinder shell to place said cylinder liner under compression.

2. A method of assembling a metallic cylinder liner in a metallic cylinder shell, the cylinder liner normally having an external diameter greater than the internal diameter of the cylinder shell, including the steps of: creating a fluid pressure differential between the inside and outside of said cylinder shell and between the inside and outside of said cylinder liner so as to cause said cylinder shell and said cylinder liner to expand and contract, respectively, until the external diameter of said cylinder liner is relatively less than the internal diameter of said cylinder shell; moving said cylinder liner into said cylinder shell while said cylinder shell is so expanded relative to said cylinder liner; and removing said uid pressure diierentials from said shell and said liner so as to permit said cylinder shell to contract and said cylinder liner to expand into engagement so as to place said cylinder liner under compression.

3. In a device for assembling a cylinder liner in a cylinder shell, the combination of: shell retaining means for holding said cylinder shell; liner retaining means for holding said cylinder liner; means for introducing fluid under pressure into said liner retaining means; means for main. taining a uid pressure differential between the inside and outside oi said cylinder liner s o as to contract said cylinder liner; means for moving said cylinder liner into said cylinder shell while said cylinder liner is so contracted; and means for releasing said uid pressure so as to permit said cylinder liner to expand into engagement with said cylinder shell.

4. In a device for assembling a cylinder liner in a cylinder shell, the combination of: a iixed head adapted to receive one end of a cylinder shell; a movable head movably supported relative to said iixed head and adapted to receive the other end of said cylinder shell; means for moving said movable head relative to said ilxed head so as to form duid-tight seals between each end oi said cylinder shell and said heads; means adapted to receive a cylinder liner; means for introducing iluid under pressure into said liner receiving means; means for maintaining a iiuid pressure differential between the'inside and outside of said cylinder liner so as to contract said cylinder liner therein; and means for moving said cylinder liner from said liner receiving means into said cylinder shell while said cylinder liner is so contracted.

5. In a device for assembling a cylinder liner in a cylinder shell, the combination of: a xed head adapted to receive one end of a cylinder shell; a movable head movably supported relative to said fixed head and adapted to receive the other end of said cylinder shell; means for moving said movable head relative to said fixed head so as to form fluid-tight seals between leach end of said cylinder shell and said heads; means adapted to receive a. cylinder liner; a movable member axially aligned with said liner receiving means land adapted to engage said cylinder liner; means for introducingv uid under pressure into said liner receiving means so as to contract said cylinder liner therein; and mechanical means for actuating said movable member so as to move said cylinder liner from said liner receiving means into said cylinder shell while said cylinder liner is so contracted.

6. In a device for assembling a cylinder liner in a cylinder shell, the combination of: a fixed head having a bore and adapted to receive one end of a cylinder shell; a movable head movably supported relative to said xed head and adapted to receive the other end of said cylinder shell; means for moving said movable head relative to said xed head so as to form uid-tight seals between each end of said cylinder shell and said heads; cylinder liner receiving means communicating with said bore of said xed head; walls forming a chamber communicating with the interior of said liner receiving means; a member movably supported in said chamber and adapted to engage said cylinder liner; means for introducing iluid under pressure into s/aid cylinder shell so as to expand said cylinder shell; and means for moving said memberl so as to move said cylinder liner into said cylinder shell while said cylinder shell is so expanded.

7. In a device for assembling a cylinder liner in a cylinder shell, the combination of: shell retaining means for holding said cylinder shell;

sealing means between said shell retaining means and said cylinder shell so as to form a iluid-tight joint therebetween; liner retaining means for holding said cylinder liner; means for introducing fluid under pressure into said liner retaining means so as to contract said cylinder liner; means for moving said cylinder liner into said cylinder shell while said cylinder liner is so contracted; and means for releasing said iluid pressure so as to permit said cylinder liner to expand into engagement with said cylinder shell.

8. In a device for assembling a cylinder liner in a cylinder shell, the combinationof: a fixed head having a bore and adapted to receive one end oi a cylinder shell; a movable head movably supported relative to said iixed head and adapted to receive the other end of said cylinder shell; means for moving said movable head relative to said xed head so as to form iluid-tight seals between each end of said cylinder shell and said heads; sealing means between said cylinder shell `and said heads; means for introducing iluid under pressure into the interior of said cylinder shell so as to expand it; cylinder liner receiving means communicating with said bore of said ilxed head; a tubular container connected to said liner receiving means and axially aligned therewith, said tubular container being in communication with the interior of said liner receving means; a movable rack in said tubular container adapted to engage said cylinder liner; a pinion operatively connected to said rack; and means for actuating said pinion so as to move said rack to move said cylinder liner into said cylinder shell while said cylinder shell is so expanded.

9. A method of assembling a metallic cylinder liner in a metallic cylinder shell, the cylinder liner normally having an external diameter greater than the internal diameter oi the c'ylinder shell, including the steps of: sealing the ends of said cylinder liner; creating a iluid pressure diierential between the inside and outside of said cylinder liner so as to contract it to an external diameter less than the internal diameter of said cylinder shell; moving said cylinder liner into said cylinder shell while said cylinder liner is so contracted; and removing said uid pressure differential on said liner so as to permit said cylinder liner to expand radially so as to engage said cylinder shell to place said cylinder liner under compression.

CLARENCE J. COBERLY.