US2291442A

US2291442A - Upper cylinder lubricant

Info

Publication number: US2291442A
Application number: US241810A
Authority: US
Inventors: Shailer L Bass; Eldon F Graves
Original assignee: Lubrizol Corp
Current assignee: Lubrizol Corp
Priority date: 1938-11-22
Filing date: 1938-11-22
Publication date: 1942-07-28
Anticipated expiration: 1959-07-28

Description

Patented July 28,1942

Shailer L. Bass and Eldon F. Graves, Midland, Mich, assignors to The Lubri-Zol Corporation,

Wickliffe, Ohio, a corporation of Ohio lN'o Drawing.

6 Claims.

This invention relates, as indicated, to addition agents for internal combustion engine fuels and more particularly to a method of lubricating the upper parts of such engines where extreme conditions of pressure and temperature mayobtain. The addition agents of this invention are particularly suited to this purpose by their unusual effectiveness, their stability at high temperatures, and the fact that they are non-corrosive to metals under operating conditions. Further advantages will appear as the description proceeds.

The necessity for adequate lubrication in the upper parts of internal combustion engines has long beenapparent and various suggestions have been made for its assurance with equally varying success when carried into practice. When an engine is started there is generally little or no lubricant remaining on the walls of the upper cylinder and excessive wear takes place, especially in cold weather.. For this reason top-oilers have been employed by many persons but with not too satisfactory results.

The obvious method of introducing a lubricant to the upper parts of an engine is to employ the fuel as a vehicle and it is one of the objects of this invention to provide an addition agent suited to such purpose.

Another object of this invention is toprovide a lubricant capable of resisting the high operating temperatures of internal combustion engines and of aifording adequate lubrication to the relatively moving parts under conditions of extreme pressure.

A further object is to provide an addition agent which is unusually efiective even when employed in very minor amounts and to provide an engine fuel suitable for consumption by internal combustion engines and which has mixed therewith the addition-agent of this invention.

Still another object of this invention is to provide a lubricating constituent in the fuel acting to lubricate and keep clean the parts of the engine handling the fuel prior to combustion.

Application November 22, 1938, Serial No. 241,810

The following description sets forth in detail certain approved combinations of ingredients embodying our invention, such disclosed means constituting, however, but certain of various forms in which the principle of the invention may be used. 1

Broadly stated, this invention comprises a new I fuel and method of lubricating the upper parts of internal combustion engines, said fuel comprising the usual liquid hydrocarbons, e. g., gasoline, Diesel fuel, etc., having a viscosity of below 50 sec. Saybolt Universal at 100 F., and a minor amount of an ester of a phosphorus acid, preferably a liquid ester. We have found that of these esters the aromatic esters of phosphoric acid (aromatic phosphates) are the most effective when employed for the purposes of this invention and are therefore preferred.

Of the broad class of aromatic esters of phosphoric acid which may thus be employed in accordance with our invention, the aromatic phosphates containing at least one aromatic radicle having a molecular weight of 100 or more and preferably containing a polyphenyl radicle are generally superior. I

The aromatic esters of phosphoric acid, which term is intended to include the alkyl aryl esters, when compounded with the fuel, gasoline, for instance, are found to greatly increase the film strength of the fuel as determined by the wellknown Almen machine. The improvement thus addition agent to produce a lubricating film of increased film strength inasmuch as the film strength is not only greater than that of either alone but, also, a bearing will operate at lower torque for a given bearing load than with either alone.

The following is a list of particularly efiective This problem is particularly acute in Diesel 5 compounds together with the concentrations in engines where the gumming of orifices and close- .ly fitting parts and the abrasive wear on such gasoline which aiford maximum film strength:

Per cent by weight Phenyl di (o-chlor phenyl) phosphate 0.4 Phenyl di (o-xenyl) phosphate 0.5 Di-phenyl mono (o-xenyl) phosphate 0.6

Since compounds of the type herein disclosed are chemicallystable at high temperatures, that is, up to 600-650 F., they are not corrosive to metals under the conditions obtaining in internal combustion engines in operation. Also, the small quantities required are insufflcient to necessitate any great correction of the carbureter, etc., nor do they injurlously affect the keeping qualities efiect. The ability to-withstand high tempef tures without decomposition makes the compounds of this invention particularly adapted for use in Diesel and aviation engines.

I as 0.1% to as much as 5.0%.

The word fuel as used in this application is intended to include the usual hydrocarbon fuels having a viscosity below 50 sec. Saybolt Universal at 100 F. and a flash point below 200 F. Such fuels will also have distillation points below those of the following table:

at 450 n. 90% at 600 F. End at 700" F.

and higher A. P. I. gravity values than 35.

-It is thought that the addition agents may chemically or physico-chemically react with the metallic surfaces to form a non-welding surface at points of extreme pressure, thus preventing seizing and scoring with resultant disastrous wear.- It is not intended, however, that this invention should be limited by any explanation or theory as to the reasons for the remarkable efficacy of the fuel of this invention.

In summary, the following are among the advantages of this invention: I

(1) The upper parts of the engine are effectively lubricated immediately upon the starting ing no enhanced deleterious eifects.

(.8) There isno corrosive effect upon metallic parts.

(9) The fuel'is easily prepared.

of the fuel in storage, often having a contrary Other modes of applying the .principle of our invention may be employed instead of the one explained, change being made as regards the materials employed, provided the ingredients stated by any of the following claims or the equivalent of such stated ingredients be employed. a

We therefore particularly point out and distinctly claim as our invention:

1. As a new composition of matter,an internal combustion engine fuel comprising a liquid hy-' drocarbon fuel having a viscosity below 50 seconds Saybolt Universal at 100 F., the boiling range of the hydrocarbon content of which has remained substantially unaltered and to which has been added from about 0.1% to about 5.0% by weight, based on the amount of fuel, of a liquid'aromatic ester of 'phosphoricacid containing at least one aromatic radicle having a molecucombustion engine fuel comprising a liquid hy- (10) The fuel injector systems of Diesel engines are kept clean and require fewer repairs.

drocarbon fuel having a viscosity below 50 seconds Saybolt Universal at 100 vF., the boiling range of the hydrocarbon content of which has remained substantially unaltered and to which has been added from about 0.1% to about 1.0%

by weight, based on the amount of fuel, of phenyl di (o-chlor p'henyl) phosphate.

3. As a new composition of matter, an internal combustion engine fuel comprising aliquid hydrocarbon fuel having a viscosity below 50 seconds Saybolt Universal at 100' F.,' the boiling range of the hydrocarbon content of which has remained substantially unaltered and to which has been added from about 0.1% to about 1.0% by weight, based on the amount of fuel, of phenyl di (o-xenyl) phosphate.

4. As a new composition of matter, an internal combustion'engine fuel comprising a liquid hydrocarbon fuel, having a viscosity below' 50 seconds Saybolt Universal at 100 F., the boiling range of the hydrocarbon content of which has remained substantially-unaltered and to which has been added from about 0.1% to about 1.02% by weight, based on the amount of fuel, of diphenyl mono (o-xenyl) phosphate.

5. An internal combustion engine fuel the-boiling range of the hydrocarbon content of which has remained substantially unaltered and to which has been added from about 0.1% to about 5.0% of an aromatic ester-of phosphoric acid containing a poly-phenyl radicle.

6. An internal combustion engine fuel comprising from about 99.9% of the usual hydrocarbon fuel and 0.1% of an ester of an acid of phosphorus to about of such fuel and 5% of an ester of an acid of phosphorus.

SHAILER L. BASS. ELDON F. GRAVES.