US2287052A - Aircraft passing and landing lamp - Google Patents

Description

Patented June 23, 1942 U NE T E D STAT Si ii NT 9 F F! C E AIRCRAFT PASSING AND LANDING LAMP Charles L. Munroe, France Field, C. Z., and James H. Herr and Arnold D. Dircksen, Dayton, Ohio Application September 26, 1940, Serial N0. 3 584468 2Claims- (Cl.240-41.35) v (Granted under the act March 3, 1883, as

amended April 30, 1928'; 370 0. G. 757) The invention described herein may be manufactured and used by or for the Government for governmental purposes, without the payment to us of any royalty thereon.

The present invention relates generally to lamps and more particularly to a lamp incorporating with a main light, an auxiliary light such as, in an automobile headlight incorporating a parking light, or in an airplane landing light incorporating a running or passing light.

It has been a common expedient in the electric lamp art to promote lamp efficiency by using a polished reflecting hood over the forward part of the light bulb to prevent direct rays of the The rearwardly projecting flange It forms a bearing surface for holding in place the front or open end of a parabodic reflector H. The base or rear of the hemispherical housing l0 has a rearwardly projecting hollow cylindrical exteni sion l8 integraltherewith. Within the extension I8 is a similar integral extension IQ of the parabulb from passing out of the lamp. Such a lamp l bolic reflector, and of such a size as to telescopihas what may be termed a dead spot or zone of cally form a tight or pressed fit within the extensubstantially no light ahead of the reflecting sidn'lB'. The hollow cylindrical projection I9 is hood. This zone can therefore be utilized with interiorly threaded for receiving the main light advantage by placing therein an auxiliary lamp, bulb 2|. The extension I8 of the housing is exsince if it were not embodied here it would necesternally threaded to receive a contact-retaining sitate a separate structure or assembly and cap 22, the said cap holding therein any suitable would have to be mounted elsewhere. form of contactor (not shown) in fixed relation Our invention contemplates the employment so as to cause a flow of electrical energy from the with such a lamp of an auxiliary light ahead of lead wires 23 .into the bulb 2|. As illustrated, a the main light in the blind area, and a double mounting bracket 33 is attached to the housing or two-way reflector disposed between the two It) by rivets. lights, to thereby utilize this heretofore useless -As will be seen in the drawing, the main bulb area for theauxiliary light without impairing the 2| is positioned upon the longitudinal axis of the efliciency of either light source. lamp and also at the focal point F of the para- A further object of our invention is the mountbolic reflector Immediately ahead of the ihg of bo h t e two-W y fl ct d the aiiXiilamp 2| and symmetrical with the longitudinal y li ht source p ne s pp having means axis is a two-way or double concave reflector 24, within the support for rotating the reflectors and preferably of a diameter corresponding to the a xili ry li ht outwardly and away from the diameter of the main bulb. However, it will be m in li ht to p v ready access to the main understood that the size of the reflector 24 will light for replacement thereof. vary with the distance it is spaced from the main These and othe j s W o e more pbulb, so as to extend between the lines 39 and parent as We proc ed w e description and 40 connecting the outer edge of the main reflecdrawing, in which like numbers refer to corret H t th focal point F, Th inner sid 25 of SpOndiIlg p s and Whereini the reflector is preferably spherically shaped to Figure 1 is a Section View with parts in eievareflect the undesirable forwardly emitting rays tion showing a lamp incorporating our invenfrom th i b lb 2| b k t th filament 1- tion. light source. This action results in the forma- Figure 2 s a e d View in perspective, of tion of greater heat intensity at the filament and t e Supp the ailXilialy light a d tW0- consequently greater light intensity of the main reflector. light source. The reflector 2% also acts as a shield In the drawing, t e p assembly is composed intercepting all the direct rays of light from the of a housing Substantiaiiy Semi-Circular in, main source 2| which fall between the lines 39 cross-sectional conformation and having on the and 4g There i th produced a n forward outside of the l r e 0 p end, a 18I1S-S6Cil1ing of the reflector 24 which receives no direct ilmeans c p in an external r n l2 having lumination from light 2|. It will be understood formed therein suitable attaching means, Such that this same zone will be formed whether the as threads or the like, for ho the ring urface 25 is made to function as a reflector or fixedly to the housing It. The ring I 2 has formed merely a, hie1d The outer side 26 of the double concave reintegral therewith an inwardly projecting shoul- Patented June 25, 1942 BRONZE CONTAINING COMPOSITIONS Dean Murphy, Rahway, N. J., asslgnor, by mesne assignments, to Chadeloid Chemical Company, a corporation of West Virginia No Drawing. Application October 11, 1938,

- Serial No. 234,489

. the final coating being secured by the incorpora- 8 Claims.

This invention relates to aluminum bronze containing compositions, and particularly to such compositions enabling decorative effects to be secured.

In the prior art, aluminum bronze compositions have been used, but brilliancy of effect and stability of composition has not been secured.-

Among the objects of the present invention is the production of aluminum bronze containing compositions which exhibit high brilliancy.

Other objects of the invention include the production of aluminum bronze containing compositions of decorative character and relatively high stability.

Still further objects and advantages of the present invention will appear from the more detailed description set forth below, it being understood, however, that this more detailed description is given by way of illustration and explanation" only and not by way of limitation, since various changes therein may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention.

This application is a continuation in part of application Serial No. 553,007, filed July 24, 1931, entitled Opalescent lacquers.

In accordance with the present invention, aluminum bronze containing compositions are produced by the utilization of various expedients. In the first place, in order to secure the best brilliancy in the composition, the aluminum bronze is desirablyemployed in paste form in admixture with petroleum spirits or other similar petroleum distillates or vehicles of related hydrocarbon character. By incorporating aluminum bronze with such vehicle using proportions'to give a paste material, an aluminum -bronze composition is produced having pronounced brilliancy enabling it to be desirably employed either in and of itself for various pur- 40 'poses, or for admixture with various vehicles,

such as lacquers, cellulose ester type or resin type, etc., as more particularly illustrated below, and particularly to such compositions when pigmented.

The aluminum bronze may, however, be incorporated into various compositions without necessarily utilizing the bronze in paste form as indicated above, although the use of the paste form of aluminum bronze gives preferred results. 60 to the nitrocellulose lacquer composition.

Thus the aluminum bronze may besuspendedin a desirable coating composition containing filmforming ingredients, such as cellulose derivatives, including nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate, cellution of various colors into the composition, the color preferably being added to the coating composition containing the film-forming ingredient, prior to incorporation of the aluminum bronze therewith. Thus aluminum bronze is incorporated with a colored or dyed lacquer solution. Since the aluminum does not liver, and is relatively stable towards any of the organic acids and even traces of sulphurthat are sometimes present in these various lacquer vehicles, no dele-' terious effects are obtained and no livering occurs such as takes place with the copper bronzes and similar materials.

The coloring agents employed may be of two typeseither the soluble or the insoluble colors, the first or soluble colors being generally hereinafter referred to as dyes, and the second class .or insoluble Lcolors being hereinafter referred to as pigments.

Of the dyes, the water-soluble aniline colors are preferred, since they are relatively stable to light, and do not result in any substantial amount of bleeding when topcoats or overcoats are applied over the coatings referred to. In view of the stability of the water-soluble aniline colors for the reasons discussed above, they are preferred to the other types of aniline dyes or other dyes including the oil-soluble and spirit-soluble aniline colors, while the less stable dyes such as oil soluble and spirit soluble colors may be used, the stable water soluble colors are far more desirable. As exemplary of the water-soluble aniline colors that are particularly desirable for use in this connection, the following may be mentioned Buffalo black, N'BR, cone. and No. 4523 Nigro black conc.; Azo Rubine ex. cone. and amacid brilliant croecine 3BA conc.; orange A conc.; fast wool yellow 3 GL; Resorcine brown;

and alkali green 2 GO. 'Such water-soluble ani-- line colors may be incorporated with the usual lacquer compositions, the solvent vehicles employed being such as to give solution of the several ingredients. Any of the ordinary nitrocellulose lacquers may be employed for this purpose and the desired dyes may be dissolved directly in the lacquer compositions containing the necessary solvent vehicles, or the aniline dyes may first be dissolved in various solvents, and then added The nitrocellulose lacquer composition illustrates one type of film-forming coating compositions that may be employed in this connection. Desirably the lacquer compositions may contain glycol lose ether, resins, etc., the color efiects desired in 55 ethers as one of the solvent elements in order to maintain satisfactory solutions of the water-soluble aniline dyes, particularly the blacks, such as the nigrosines. For example, these aniline dyes may be dissolved in a vehicle containing 1 part Carbitol, 9 parts methyl alcohol, and 6 parts toluol, 2 to 2 ounces of the particular dye being used to one gallon of the composite solvent, and this may then be incorporated'with the desired nitrocellulose lacquer composition. The amount of dye solution added to the lacquer composition will be determined by the depth of color desired therein. The dyed lacquer compositions prepared in this way may then be incorporated with aluminum bronze in any desired manner to give the final dyed lacquer aluminum composition utilizable as a coating composition. Desirably the lacquer compositions will also include resins in accordance with the best lacquer developments now recognized in the art. And when these compositions are to be employed for exterior exposure, it is desirable to include some of the rezyls, that is the phthalic glyceride types of resins which contain fatty oils or fatty oil acids, and particularly the acids derived from drying oils, combined in these resin molecules, The presence of the rezyls in the compositions gives the compositions the desirable propery of satisfactory durability on exterior exposure.

While very desirable opalescent and colored bronze effects may be obtained by the use of water-soluble aniline dyes as stated above, which yield compositions that do not fade or bleed, improved results are obtained by the use of insoluble pigments as the coloring medium. Of the insoluble pigments, those which are translucent, such as the lake colors are preferred. When opaque or substantially opaque pigments are employed, the amount of the opaque pigment used in the composition should be such that the coating deposited from the composition does not give a solid ground color, since in this way coatings having diaphanous or light-transmitting properties essential in carrying out the present invention, are obtained. Among the lake and other colors that are particularly desirable in carrying out the present invention, there may be mentioned the natural and synthetic lake colors including cochineal, madder, illustrating the natural lake colors, and any of the synthetic lakes which are usually prepared from the aniline colors deposited on aluminum hydrate or any other similar bulky translucent base, while in addition other pigments that may be employed include Prussian blue, Van Dyke brown, umber, etc. Of these, the lake colors, Prussian blue and Van Dyke brown are preferable instances of the insoluble pigments employed in accordance with the present'invention. Any of these pigments may be ground in a suitable vehicle, and subsequently incorporated with the film-forming compositions, such" as nitrocellulose lacquer.

Of the synthetic lake colors, preferably those are employed which are made by the use of water-soluble aniline dyes, since such wafer-soluble aniline dyes are light fast, and are therefore preferred to the oil-soluble and spirit-soluble anilines. J

The effects obtained by the use of the insoluble pigments as opposed to the dye compositions set forth above are preferred because deeper effects are obtained with the pigment-containing compositions. However, both types of compositions yield satisfactory opalescent lacquers and colored bronze effects, the color, of course, depending on the nature of the dye, pigment or other y, ber.

color employed in the composition, so that bronze, copper, gold effects may be readily obtained with these compositions. In general, these pigmenting materials discussed above may be classified as including the synthetic lakes, and particularly those prepared by the use of watersoluble ,gnnm dyes, the translucent vegetable colors, such as madder, translucent insect or ani-- mal pigments, such as cochineal, and inorganic pigments, such as Prussian blue and burnt umincorporating the aluminum bronze with the film-forming composition, any desirable I method may be employed, but it-has been found that improved results are obtained if the aluminum bronze is first dispersed in paste form in some vehicle, such as petroleum spirits, or other medium compatible with the other components that are to be employed in the composition. The aluminum bronze in paste form is more brilliant than thedry aluminum bronze of the same flnemess. ;The aluminum bronze in dispersed form, such. as;-a paste produced in this way, may then be directly incorporated by any desired mixing operation with-the lacquer or other film-forming composition, and thorough dispersion is thus readily obtained without the necessity of elaborate mixing or grinding that might otherwise be necessary. By using such aluminum paste material, the final coating compositions are also improved in character, since they yield a very even laying on of the powder on the surface, and a remarkably complete coverage being secured with but a few ounces of the aluminum bronze under these circumstances, whereas without such a vehicle, a much larger amount of bronze is generally required. In securing the opalescent finishes, relatively small amounts of aluminum bronze may be employed in the compositions and up to a certain point, increase in the amount of the aluminum bronze increases the opalescent such as those exhibited by the copper base I bronzes. By variation in the relative amount of coloring matter to aluminum bronze, variation in shade of color is secured, deeper shades being obtained with more coloring matter and less aluminum bronze, whereas more bronze and less color gives lighter shades. I

The vehicle employed should also be of such v character as to avoid anysubstantial floating effect of the aluminum bronze, particularly when sprayed. In some instances, there may be a slight float when the composition is brushed on to, the desired surface. Many of the vehicles on the market employed for similar purposes may be utilizedin the present types of compositions. Almost any vehiclethat sets practically instantaneously to an amalgam can be employed in accordance with the present invention. That is, if such vehicles remain ratherplastic or oily for a short time, floating will result. In general, the composition should be such that thereis a rapid expulsion of the solvents in order to get proper set, and under such circumstances no floating effect will result. When-resin solutions

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