US2275324A - Means for and the method of refrigeration - Google Patents

Description

March 3, 1942. J sco 'rT MEANS ,FOR AND THE METHOD OF REFRIGERATION Filed-March 4, 1940 is Sheets- Sheet 1 I March 3, 1942. J scg -r I MEANS FOR AND THE METHOD OF REFRIGERATION Filed March 4-, 1940 Sheets-Sheet 2 '5 4; 521% Midi/E 3, 1942. J. G. SCOTT 2,275,324

MEANS Fo AND THE METHOD OF REFRIGERATION Filed March 4, 1940 Y :s Sheets-Sheet 5 ,the upper compartment lower compartment Patented Mar. 3, 1942 UNITED MEANS FOR AND THE rm'rnon or REFRIGERATION JamcsG. Scott, Washington, D. C.

' Application March 4,1940. Serial No. 322,250

1s Claims. (01. 62-89) This invention relates to improvements in refrigerating apparatus, and particularly to means for and the method of establishing upper and lower compartments within a refrigerator chamber and controlling the variation of temperature between said upperand lower compartments and at the same time maintaining a control over the humidity in the lower compartment.

The primary object is to provide means tended and adapted to be in connection with a refrigerator of ordinary and usual construction including an inclined heat exchange wall mounted across ating chamber to divide said chamber into upper and lower compartments, with the inclined wall serving to induce circulation of air in the lower compartment and to condensation accumulated thereon to one side where the water may be collected and be prevented from dropping or otherwise finding its way into or upon food in the lower compartment.

Another purpose is to provide a method of controlling variations 'of temperature between the upper and lowercompartments, namely in that the inclined heat exchange wall dividing the chamber into the two compartments is given a greater or steeper inclination to increase temperature'difierentials and is flattened out or given less inclination to decrease the temperature differentials in the upper and lower compartments.

Still another purpose of this invention is to provide refrigerating apparatus in which the inclined wall is the coldest wall "of the lower compartment whereby moisture or will condense upon this ininduced to flow to one clined wall and will be side where the water and conducted to a desired discharge point.

Yet another purpose of mypresent invention an inclined heat'exchan'ge wall inis to provide.

corporating a glass plate so that light may pene-.

trate from the upper to the lower compartment, together with means in the form of a supporting shelf carried by and yet out of direct thermal conducting contact with the inclined plate so that. foods and to rest and be supported on this supporting'shelf and consequently out of heat conducting contact with the inclined heat exchange plate, the supporting shelf at the same time serving as a subs ntially level shelf support inclined heat exchange wall.

is to provide means readily ordinary refrigerator for supin contrastto the Another purpose inserted within an porting the-inclined heat exchange wall with the inserted and employed other articles can be stored inmanner as to establish inclination running across the shorter dimension of the heatexchange wall whereby the heat transfer in the lower compartment will be in such and maintain a circulation of air in planes substantially parallel with the usual door opening for maintenance of better and more uniform refrigeration.

Yet a further object is to provide refrigerating apparatus including a refrigeratorchamber havwithin a refrlger- 7 ing refrigerating means in the'upper part thereof with the inclined heat exchange wall disposed below and separated fromsaid the lower compartment having condenser means efrigerating .means and with supplemental cooling means in 5 -therefor in the upper compartment and spaced densation of moisture from the refrigerating means, with the disposition and spacing of the heat exchange wall and the condenser means so correlated that the inclined heat exchange wall is in fact the coldest wall in the lower compartment, whereby conwithin the lower compartment will occur primarily only on the lower side nection with the drawings humidity in the of the inclined heat exchange wall. With the above and other objects in view, some of which will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and others of which are inherent in the con- -struction and use of the apparatus, my present invention includes certain novel features of con-' struction and combinations and arrangements of parts which will be hereinafter. set forth in conand then pointed out in the claims. a

'In the drawings: T

Figure 1 is a view in perspective looking into the open front 'of' a domestic refrigerator showing one adaptation of my invention.

Fig. 2 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view taken substantiallyv from front to back through the upper part of a refrigerator as in Figure 1. Fig. 3 is an enlarged perspective view to better show the construction ofthe heat exchange divi- 1 sion wall.

Fig. 4 is a fragmentary sectional view showing a modification of the heat exchange wall-.struc--; ture.

Fig, 5 is a vperspe illustrating another invention.

Fig. 6 is an enlarged perspective view to better disclose mounting means for the heat exchange wall.

Fig. '7 is anenlarged fragmentary sectional view taken substantially from front to back tivew view similar to Figure 1- embodiment of the present door 6 is closed t such character an 'itself a temperature b 4 per compartment 8 around the e thereof cannot circulatearo ill to circulate in or around th there will be no consequent de within the compartment ll.

vment forstorage of, foods 'lower compartment II storage compartment,

dis-

and m Figure 1, the sual storage chamber 2 porator 3 in the upper part through the upper part of the structure as closed in Fig. 5.

In the adaptation illustr refrigerator I has the u therein with-an eva of this chamber 2. v v

The refrigerating unit can be. of any desired type and construction, and the usual cold control or adjusting means is provided, as at 4. This chamber 2 is made up of the usual side and top and bottom walls with an opening 5 through the front thereof, and a door 6 is provided to close this opening, any suitable and desired packing and door latch means being employed. The storage chamber 2 is of usual construction and has shelves 1 fitted therein in ordinary manner to be carried by supporting stops 8 or other suitable parts, and .in other respects the refrigerator apparatus as illustrated is of usual and ordinary refrigerator construction such 'as is found in many mechanical or automatic refrigerators as now being manufactured and as already in use.

In the carrying out of my invention the chamber 2 is divided into an upper compartment 9 and a lower compartment it, by the use of a heat exchange division wall as generally indicated at Ii. This heat exchange wall is here shown as; being disposed across and between the walls forming the chamber 2, to which chamber access is had through'the door opening 5, and when the his door will serve also as a wall to close and complete the chamber 2. The heat exchange wall ii fit and extends substantially entirely between the walls on both dimensions so that in effect and reality the compartment 9 is .35 entirely closed oil from the compartment l0, and this heat exchange wall ii is so disposed that it is out of direct conducting contact with the evaporator 3, or other refrigerating means. As ordinarily constructed, the refrigerating means is of 40 d capacity that the evaporator I, or other partwithin the upper compartment 9 will be capable of normally maintaining withinelow the freezing point of the ordinary refrigerator V is in operation moisture from the air within the chamber 2 will condense and be frozen upon this evaporator 3 or other cold portion of the refrigerator means. Where the refrigerating means frosts, this means that moisture is taken from the air, and as the moisture content of the air-is decreased the dehydration or drying out of foodstufl's and the like in the chamber 2 will be increased. However, with the heat exchange wall Ii interposed to divide the chamber into the upvaporator 2 and d so that the air und the evaporator f, it is impossible for any air in the compartment e refrigerating maintained so at a 'temperawater, and thus when the lower compartment I0 close means, and if the operation be so that the heat exchange wall ii is ture above the freezing point of water, there will be no freezing or frosting upon any wall or other part of the structure within the compartment ll. 05 Consequently, if there be no freezing or frosting crease in humidity d and used in'the low temperature upa cold dry compartand the like requiring and the higher temperature will be 'a general food as for ordinary foods and .75

-With the parts constructe manner above set forth, the per compartment 0 will be low temperatures,

. clining the heat exchange plate ll it will catch water trated as provided leafy vegetables and the like, with assurance of maintenance of a humid cold, since there is no possibility of frosting and of consequent extraction of moisture from the compartment.

This heat exchange wall Ii has a supporting frame structure II, of metal or of other suitable material, and provided with inclined supporting ledges I! at opposite sides. A heat exchange plate It isfitted and is supported on these supporting ledges l3 so that this plate is appreciably inclined, and as the heat exchange plate H constitutes the major portion'and area of the heat exchange wall structure Ii, this inclined plate i4 is disposed and serves substantially as an inclined ceiling for the lower compartment iii. Through tests and experiments I have found that by infrom front to back I preserve a maximum storage space within the compartment i0 and at the same time provide for circulation of air within this compartment dueto the fact that the inclination of the ceiling, as consisting primarily of the plate ll, will induce and will cause a natural flow and circulation of air within the compartment l0 with} the'up and down paths of flow of air substantially parallel with the door opening so that as the air is circulated-the natural course is to carry out this circulation within the confines of the compartment ill, even with the door 6 opened.

Ashas been stated, the heat exchange plate I of the heat exchange wall structure II is maintained at a temperature above the freezing point of water, and this is readily accomplished since the heat exchange wall structure is below and is spaced from the evaporator 3 or other refrigerating means and the heat exchange effected from the plate I4 to the compartment 8 is by convection. With the heat exchange wall structure, and the plate H, maintained at a temperature above the freezing point of water and this plate maintained as the coldest wall within the compartment I 0, any excess moisture within the compartment II will collect'as water of condensation on the lower side of the plate H. The inclination of this plate I will influence or induce gravity flow of this water of condensation toward the low side of the inclined plate, and there will be no possibility of moisture of condensation collecting in sufllciently large drops to separate from the plate and fall into or upon foods and the like upon the shelves I or within the part ill. It is desirable that any water of condensation conducted to the low side by the inclination of the plate ll be conducted oil to a single point, and with this in mind I provide a drip or drain trough I! at the lower side or edge of theplate II where owing to the low' side and will conduct this to a common discharge point. It has been found that an ordinary water glass or other suitable receptacle can be placed, as gen-- erally indicated at is in Figure 1, upon one of the shelves 1 and at a back comer where it will be out .of the way and willcatch the water discharged fromthe trough or drain ii.

The heat exchange wall structure H can be made of substantially exact sizes and dimensions toclosc suiii'ciently tightly within the her 2 and between the walls thereof to close oif thecompartments 9 and iI,'or if conditions require packing may be provided a; at if. Further, while the heat exchange wall structure isillus; with a frame ll variations can be resorted to so thatth inclined plateportion i4v will'be supported in proper position and inclination. in other manners, and will extend substantially entirely across between the walls.

' desired or suitable form,

.' and where the plate generally indicated at H,

" within this I no condensation of moisture upon the side or bot,-

With the parts" constructed and assembled ,in the manner set forth, the inclined heat exchange .wall structure will serve to induce and maintain a natural circulation of air within the compartment III, and in carrying out the method of my invention the differential of temperature variation between the upper compartment 9 and the lower compartment l 0.can be'controlled by increasing or' decreasing the angle of inclinationof the plate or wall portion. Thus,-

portion I4 is given less inclination, substantially to the flattened angle indicated at a in Fig. 2,-

the temperature differential between the upper and lower compartments will be decreased, and as the angle of inclination is increased or made sharper, as indicated at b in Fig. 2, the temperature differential between the upper and lowercomp'artmentswill be increased, since the circulation of air against the inclined plate ll within the compartment I is accelerated. If it be deas the plate tom walls within the compartment Ill, and any condensation will be only upon the underside of the heat-exchange wall ll and-inclined plate l4.

" moisture in the air in the sired to provide for more possible variations in inclination, adjusting means similar to that shown in Fig. 24 of the-drawings ofmy co-pending application Serial No. 228,433, or of any other can be employed. Also, it will be, appreciated that temperature differentials, between the upper compartment 9 and the lower compartment Ill, will be varied according to the material employed in construction of the inclined plate H. I have found that sheetjglass" presents particular advantages for use as" the heat exchange wall or plate H, since it is customary to place refrigerator lighting lamps in the upper part of the refrigerator chamber,

illumination of substantially all parts. of the refrigerator chamber, both in the upper compartment 9 and the lower compartment l0.

Through extensive experiments and testscarried out over a considerable, period pf time, I have found that the temperature diflerential between the upper compartment 9 and the lower compartment 10 can be varied by the use of different materials for construction of the heat exchange wall or plate ll, as for instance, metals such as copper, aluminum, and other metals and materials. Further, the temperature differential can be regulated and varied by. changes in the surface formation or configuration of the plate ll, to thus change the area of the surface presented for convection contact.

As the heat exchange wall or plate structure,

is spaced from the lower compartment I4 is ofglass this will permit wall structure II to the evaporator or refrigera tor means 3 is by convection. refrigerating means is capable of maintaining a temperature below the. freezing point of water, and the evaporator in such manner that moisture in .the air would accumulate as frost onthe evaporator surfaces, with the heat absorption from the plate ll ac-. complished through convection, this heat exchange wall structure II is maintained at a-temperature'above the freezinspoint of water, and consequently there will be no frosting upon the heat exchange wall or plate within the lower compartment ll. Further, since the heat exchange wall structure II, and the inclined plate portion 14 will be maintained as the coldest wall lower compartment Hi, there will be Thus, while the 3 will ordinarily be operated Y vent placement or tact the-heat exchange wall structure ll.

,mulates it will form in drops compartment III or upon As this wall II is maintained-at a temperature above the freezing point of'water, there will be no frosting on the lower side of this. wall or plate structure and the only effect will be that excess lower compartment III will condense andaccumulate on the underside of the inclined plate I4 and will flow by gravity along the inclination thereof to the low side where it will be caught by the drip trough l5.

Through long and exhaustive experiments conducted over a considerable period of-time I have found that a heat-exchange wall or plate disposed in a substantially horizontal plane will accumulate water of condensation on the lower side, and that as this water of condensation accuso that as the drops become sufllciently large to break the surface tension they will fall or through the lower compartment l0, thus discharging water into or over foodstuffs within this the shelves I. My experiments and tests conclusively show and prove that with the parts constructed and operated in the manner set forth above, the air within the III will be maintained in a moist or humid condition, thus giving a moist atmosphere and ideal conditions for storage and preservation of foodstuffs in the lower compartment ill, and creatinga cold moist atmosphere particularly suitable for preserving fruits and vegetables, and especially leafy materials, in

fresh and moist condition without danger or possibility of deterioration through dehydration or other accumulation of extensive tests prove that i use removes excessive excessive moisture. My this structure when in moisture from the air within compartment l0, and does not remove moisthese experiments I have preserved and maintained spinach and celery and other leafy vegetables and other foods containing a considerable-proportion of water in substantially garden-fresh and moist condition, for periods of several days, and without the usual tendency to fading in the color or the usual spoilage due to drying out exposed surfaces or softening'and deterioration where water or excessive moisture has accumulated.

As has been stated, the heat exchange wall. structure H, and especiallytheplate portion l4, absorb heat by convection from the lower compartment l0, and then by convection the heat within this structure is absorbed into the compartment 9, the evaporator or other refrigerating structure 3 there serving to absorb the-heat within this upper compartment 9. Since the wall structure II and theplate H are exposed to absorb heat from the lower compartment ID, if foodstufis or other materials be placed within the upper compartment 9 to rest directly upon or to be in thermal conducting contact with these portions, such foodstuffs or materials will absorb or take up heat from the lower compartment l0 and will not and cannot be maintained at the temperature. of the compartment 9 Therefore,

any other materials within the compartment 9 in such relation that they will conductively con- To this end, I provide a support or shelf or rack structure I! to bespaced above and out of conducting contact with the ,heat exchange wall drip at random into and I have found itadvantageous to precontact of any foodstuffs or structure ll. As illustrated, the support or rackis carried by insulating legs I9 so that there is no thermal conducting contact with the heat exchange wall structure I I.

With the modified construction shown in Fig. 4, the supporting frame structure has two inclined plate supporting portions, and the plate 2| is maintained on one of these supporting structures to separate or divide off the upper and lower compartments. The lower plate 22, preferably inclined with respect to the plate 2|, is made to be of a shorter dimension than the plate 2|, and thus openings are provided at each side, as the plate 22 is inclined or canted, and in consequence a natural thermal circulation of air within the lower compartment ID will be accomplished and will be maintained.

With the adaptation illustrated in Fig. 6, the heat exchange wall structure is applied and is supported by means readily adapted to and mounted in domestic refrigerators of some types now being manufactured. A here shown, a substantially U-shaped supporting frame structure is made up with the side or arm portion 3| and 32 thereof adapted to be received substantially flatwise against the opposite side walls of a refrigerator, and openings 33 are provided to re' ceive screws or bolts or other fastenings by which the supporting frame will be mounted in place. In some types of refrigerators the shelves or that there will not be direct thermal conduction, and in fact a dead air space will be provided between the two plates; Asa further adaptation the supporting frame structure canbe employed in such manner that the upper flanges 38 support a plate similar to the plate 22 illustrated in v Fig. 4-, and a second platefsimiiar to plate 22 of Fig. 4, can be placed upon the supporting flanges- 34 with two opposite edges separated from the refrigerator walls to thus provide circulation, somewhat as set forth in connectionwith the disclosure of Fig. 4.

As the parts are illustrated in Figs. 5 and 7, the supporting frame structure disclosed in Fig.

7 6 is shown, but it will be appreciated that this is only for convenience of exposition of other parts and that other manners of constructing the heat other supporting means are supported by channeled portions held in place by screws or similar fastenings and the Openings 33- of the side bars 3| and 32- can be spaced to register with openings in an ordinary refrigerator left by removal of the usual or ordinary shelf supporting means.

i as above described; or, openings can be provided in any desired ornecessary spacing and the supporting frame structure can be mounted within the refrigerator chamber and between the side walls thereof in anydesired and approved manner. These side members or portions 3| and 32 have inclined supporting flanges 34, which flanges areinclined or canted downwardly toward the cross bar portion 35. The cross bar portion 35 of the substantially U-shaped frame structure has the drip or drain trough 36-carried therebyand inclined downwardly toward one side. In the use of this adaptation, the supporting frame structure is mounted in a refrigerator cabinet, in place of the usual shelf supporting means, or at any other desired location; and, when theheat exchange wall 31 of sheet glass or other suitable sheet material, is fltted'to rest upon the inclined supporting flanges 34, this heat exchange plate 31 will be correspondingly inclined and the lower edgewill be disposed over the drip or drain trough 36. In this manner the heat exchange plate 31 denser structure exchange wall or plate member can be resorted to. a

In this disclosure the refrigerator 23 has an evaporator 24, or other suitable refrigerating means ordinarily capable of producing a tem-v perature below the freezing point of water, disposed in the usual location in the upper part of the refrigerator chamber 25, or placed in .any other desired location to permit mounting of the heat exchange wall 28 between the walls of the refrigerator chamber to divide said chamber into an upper compartment 29 around the refrigerating means24 and a lower compartment 30 separated therefrom. The refrigerator has supplemental cooling means for-this lower compartment 30 and this supplemental cooling or second refrigerating means is here shown as having coils 26v or other means within the refrigerator walls a or otherwise disposed so that they will influence the temperature in the compartment 30. A con- 21 is connected with the coils 26 and this condenser is disposed within the compartment 29 adjacent to the evaporator or refrigerating means 24, but sufllciently spaced therefrom to provide convection'co'oling. In the present instance I have shown the condenser or cooling 'means 21, for the cooling coil or second refrigerating means 26, as located below the evaporator or refrigerating means 24, but this is intended to be only illustrative, and the-condenser structure 21 can be mounted or disposed above or laterally with "respect to the evaporator 24. With this modified adaptation, as the evaporator 24 extracts heat from the upper compartment 29, the air withinthis compartment is is inclined in such 'manner thatmoisture of condensation accumulating on the underside 'will flow by gravity toward the lower side or edge'and any drippage will be caught in the trough 38 and will be conducted thereby t a desired discharge point or location. The side bars or portions 3i and 32, and alsothe cross bar portion 35, can be provided with supporting flanges 38 to receive and support a shelf similar to the shelf l8 so that foodstuffs and the like will not come into direct conducting contact with the heat exchange plate 31. Further, it may sometimes be found desirable to providea double wall, and under such circumstancesa second plate, similar to the plate 31, can be inserted to rest and be supported upon the flange portion: 33. In this assembly the two plates will be separated one from the other so chilled and by convection the condenserstructure 21 will be correspondingly chilled so that the. coils 26 connected in closed refrigerating systems with the'condenser 21 will be reduced in temperature to absorb heat from and lower the temperature of the air in the lower compartment 33. To attain desired utility of this adaptation, the heat exchange wall 28 is maintained as the coldest. wall of the compartment 30, and must be held at a temperature such that water will not freeze coil 26 and the side and bottom walls of the comthereon. To this end, I so disposed the heat exchange wall 28 and the condenser or cooling portion 21, relatively, and with respect to the evaporator or refrigerating means 24, that the cooling partment 30 will be maintained at temperature higher than the temperature of the heat exchange wall 28. Thus, since this heat exchange wall 23 isthe coldest wall in the compartment 30, any excess moisture in the air in this compartment 30 willbe collected as water of condensation on the lower side of the inclined portion of'the heat exchange wall 23 and the.accumulated water will flow by gravity toward thelow side and-will be prevented from dropping or dripping .promiscuously into or over foodstuffs and the like within the compartment 30. Thus, ex-

cess moisture in the air inthe compartments 30 will be removed without danger ,of dilution or contamination of or damage to materials stored therein and since the side and bottom walls of compartment 30 are maintained at relatively higher temperaturethan the heat exchange wall 28, tendency to condensation and sweating upon these walls is'avoided, and moisture is not re-' moved from the air in the compartment 30 excessively.

With the embodimentof the single heat exchange wall or plate I4, I have found that I can conveniently and readily attain and maintain a' differential of approximately fifteen degrees, in

2, 27o,s2'4 v in structure and adaptation, it will be appreciated that many changes can be made in the form, construction and arrangement of the parts and in the manner of use and association with refrigerator cabinet and other structures, without departing from the spirit and scope of my invention.

Iclaim:

l. A refrigerator comprising a chamber, refrigerating means in the upper part of the chamber, and a heat exchange wall. mounted within the chamber beneath and out of contact with the refrigerating means thus dividing the chamberinto non-communicating upperrand lower compartthe temperature between the upper compartment 9 and the lower compartment l0, so that with the control 4 set to maintain a temperature of around thirty degrees Fahrenheitin the upper compart-- ment, which has been ,found desirable for keep-1 ing meats and bottled goods, and many other foods and products, I can attain and maintain a temperature of around forty-five degrees in the lower compartment I0. As has been set forth,

variation in the inclination or 'canting of the plate H has been found to give variations in the temperature as maintained in the lower compartment l0.

With the structure as disclosed in Fig. 4, I have found that the lower plate 22 accomplishes a greater differential-in temperatures between the upper and the-lower compartments, and in experiments as conducted this difierential has been ments the lower surface of said wall being of such character andbeing inclined sufficiently to cause flow of water of condensation accumulated on said heat exchange wall within the lower com-- air circulation therebetween the lower surface of said wall being of such character and being inclined sufllciently to cause now of water of con-' densation accumulated .on said heat exchange wall within the lower compartment .to one side,

4 and supportingstructure above said inclined heat exchange wall out. of direct conducting contact therewith.

3. A refrigerator comprising a chamber, refrigerating means in the upper part of the chamber, and a glass plate mounted across and within around thirty degrees, so that when the upper compartment is maintained at around ten degrees Fahrenheit, suitable for storage of frosted foods and the like, this relatively larger differential in temperature will permit maintenance of i the temperature in the lower compartment at around forty degrees, this being within the range now commonly understood and accepted as being the best for preservation of foodstuffs in a 'general foodstuff storage refrigerator. By increasing or decreasing the size of the lower plate 22,

andperhaps the inclination thereof, this temper-,

ature differential between the upper and lower compartments can be further varied. Y Referring .again to the adaptation shown in Figs. 5 and 7, the-coils or supplemental cooling means 26, in the lower compartment 30, may not serve strictly as refrigerating means, in the commonly accepted, sense of being the sole source-of heat exchange, and this supplemental cooling means will function) to guard against or equalize for heat walls;

Witlnthe mounting .or supporting frame struc ture as shown in Fig. 6, it is possible-to place a single p'ate 31 to be supported by the inclined supporting flanges 34, or to rest a single plate upon the upperv supporting flanges 38, and thus the inclination of the single plate can be varied to accomplish desired: temperature differentials. Further, with this construction a plate-can be mounted on the upper supporting flanges 38 and asecond plate, of the-same or of less width, can be mounted on the supporting fian'g'es 34, and additional relative temperature variations can thus be accomplished.

the chamber beneath. and out of contact with the refrigerating means thu dividing the chamber into non-communicating upper and lower storage compartments, said platebeing disposed and held in inclination from a horizontal plane sufli cient to cause flow of water of condensation accumulated on the lower side thereof. 4. A refrigerator.comprising a chamber, re-

frigerating means in the upper part of the chamber, a glass plate mounted across and within the chamber in inclination from a horizontal plane beneath and out of contact with the refrigerating means, thus dividing the chamber into non-com municating upper and lower compartments, said plate being inclined sufficiently to influence gravity flow of .water of condensation accumulated, thereon within the lower compartment to one side, and means to conduct the water of condeninfiltration' through theirefrigera'tor sati'on to a common point.

5. A refrigerator comprising a chamber, refrigerating means in the upper part of'the'chamber, an inclined glass plate mounted within the on-the lower side thereof'and supporting structure' 'abovesaid inclined glass plate and out of direct conducting contact therewith.

6. A refrigerator comprising a chamber, refrigerating means in the upper part-of the chamber, a glass" plate mounted within the chamber "While I have, herein 'shown and described only certain specific embodiments of my invention and beneath and auto! contact with the refrigerating means thus dividing the chamber into upper and lower compartments substantiallycutting on air circulation therebetween and inclined sufllciently to induce gravity flow of water of condensation accumulated on said glass plate within the lower inclined from a compartment to one side, and supporting structure above and out of direct with said glass plate.

7. With a refrigerator having a walled chamber and having refrigerating means in the upper part of the chamber, a supporting frame carried conducting contact ber operable to produce a temperature below the freezing point of water, a heat exchange wall within said chamber beneath said refrigerating means dividing the chamber into upper and lower compartments, 9. Second refrigerating by certain walls of said chamber beneath the refrigerating means. and provided with guideways inclined from a horizontal plane, and a heat exchange wall mounted in said guideways beneath and out of contact with the refrigerating means thus dividing the chamber into upper and lower compartments.

8. With a refrigerator having a walled cham ber and-having refrigerating means in the upper part of the chamber, a supporting frame carried by certain walls of said chamber beneath the refrigerating means and provided with guideways horizontal plane, a heat exchange wall mounted in said guideways beneath and out of contact with the refrigerating means thus dividing the chamber into upper and lower compartments and inclined sufliciently to induce gravity flow of water of condensation accumulated on said heat'exchange wall, within the lower compartment toward one side of said wall, and

drip catching means at the low side of said heat exchange wall.

9. With a refrigerator having a walled chamber and refrigerating means in the upper part of the chamber, a substantially U-shaped support ing frame mounted on certain walls of said chamber below the refrigerating means and provided with inclined guideways .on the inner sides of the arms of the U-shaped form, and a heat exchange wall mounted within the guideways and consequently inclined from a horizontal plane. 10. With a refrigerator having a walled chamber and refrigerating means in the upper part of the chamber, a substantially U-shaped supporting frame mounted on certain walls of said chamber below the refrigerating means and provided with inclined guideways on the inner sides of the arms of the U-shaped form, a heat exchange wall mounted within the guideways and consequently inclined from a horizontal plane, said ber, refrigerating above frosting.

means within the lower compartment below the heat exchange wall, cooling means connected with said second refrigerating means located within the upper compartment and spaced from conducting contact with respect to the refriger-v ating means, said heat exchange wall being normally the coldest wall of the lower compartment and being normally maintained within a temperature range above frosting, said heat exchange wall being inclined from a horizontal plane to induce gravity flow of water of condensation accumulated on the lower side of said wall toward one side, and means to conduct the water of condensation to a common collection point.

13. A refrigerator comprising a walled chammeans in the upper part of the chamber operable to produce a temperature below the freezing point of water, a heat exchange wall mounted within the chamber beneath the refrigerating means dividing said chamber into upper and lower compartments, cooling means within the walls of the lower compartment and by which the temperature of said walls is reduced, and condenser means for said cooling means within the upper compartment adjacent to and spaced from the refrigerating means, said heat exchange wall being cooled by convective circulation of air and being normally the coldest wall of the lower compartment and being normally maintained within a temperature range If. A refrigerator comprising a walled chamber, refrigerating means in the upper part of the chamber operable to produce a temperature below the freezing point of water, a heat exchange wall mounted within'the chamber beneath the refrigerating means dividing said chamber into upper and lower compartments, cooling means within the walls of the lower compartment and by which thetemperature of said walls is reduced, and condenser means for said cooling heat exchange wall being held inclined in a direction to induce gravity flow of water of condensation accumulated on the lower side thereof toward the cross bar of the U-shaped frame, and water conducting means toreceive the water of condensation thus directed by and from the heat exchange wall. I llI'A- refrigerator comprising a cabinet, a plu-' rality of walls defining a chamber'insaid cabinet,

means within the upper compartment-adjacent to and spaced from the refrigerating means, said mechanical refrigerating means in the upper normally maintained within a temperature range above frosting within which range moisture from the storage compartment will condense on said heat exchange wall and will not freeze.

-12. A refrigerator comprising a chamber,.re-

frigerating means in the upper part of the chamheat exchange wall being normally the coldest wall of the lower compartment and being normally maintainedwithin a temperature range 7 above frosting, and said heat exchange wall being inclined sufficiently to induce gravity flow of water of condensation accumulating upon said wall within the lower compartment to one side.

15. A refrigerator comprising a chamber, refrigerating means in the upper part of the chamber, a glassplate mounted across and within the chamber in inclination from a horizontal plane beneath and out of contact with the refrigerat ing means thus dividing the chamber into upper and lower compartments and cutting off air circulation between said compartments, and an air circulating plate also in inclined relation from a horizontal plane beneath and out of contact with and spaced adjacent to said glass plate and with its edges at the top and the bottom of the inclination spaced from adjacent walls within the lower compartment. 1

16. A refrigerator comprising a chamber, refrigerating means in the upper part of the cham- 1 ber, a glass plate mounted across and within the chamber in inclination from a horizontal plane beneath and out of contact with the refrigerating means thus dividing the chamber into upper and lower compartments and cutting off air circulation between said compartments, an air circulating plate also in inclined relation from a horizontal plane beneath and out of contact with and spaced adjacent to said glass plate and with its edges at the top and the bottom of the inclination spaced from adjacent walls within the rect conducting contact therewith.

17. With a refrigerator having a walled chamber and refrigerating means in the upper part of the chamber, a substantially U-shaped.-support-' ing frame mounted on the walls of said chamber below the refrigerating means and provided with upper and lower pairs of inclined guideways on the inner sides of the arms of the U-shaped form,

- a heat exchange wall mounted in the upper guideways and consequently inclined from a horizonlower compartment, and supporting structure above said inclined heat exchange wall out of di- 4 tal plane, and an air circulation wall mounted in the lower set of guideways and spaced below the heat exchange wall and having its opposite edges intermediate the supporting guideways spaced from the-adjacent walls ofthe chamber.

18. A refrigerator comprising a storage chamber, refrigerating means in the upper part of the chamber, a heat exchange wall mountedacross v JAMES G. scorr.

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