US2254493A - Synchronizing apparatus and system - Google Patents

Description

Sept. 2, 1941. E. PEARSON SYNCHRONIZING APPARATUS AND SYSTEM Original Filed Aug, 19, 1931 4 Sheets-Sheet l art vented: 'EriCK Pearson Sept. 2, 1941. E PEARSON 2,254,493

' SYNCHRONIZING APPARATUS AND SYSTEM gnwntox Erick Pearson Sept. 2, 1941. E, PEARSON 2,254,493

SYNCHRONIZING APPARATUS AND SYSTEM Original Filed Aug. 19, 1931 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 Qwwmtoo f/G. 5 Erick Pearson Sept. 2, 1941. E. PEARSON SYNCHRONIZING APPARATUS AND SYSTEM Original Filed Aug. 19, 1931 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 FIG. 5

INDICATOR 3mm Erick Pearson Patented Sept. 2, 1941 SYNCHRONIZING APPARATUS AND SYSTEM Erick Pearson, Chicago, Ill.

Application August 19, 1931, Serial No. 558,025 Renewed August 17, 1938 34 Claims.

My invention relates to synchronizing apparatus and systems and has for its object to provide an apparatus and system in which sources of alternating current may be readily synchronized and connected together. 1

An object of the invention resides in providing a synchronizing apparatus having a circuit making and breaking device comprising a contact making lever together with means movable in accordance with the differences of the frequencies of the two sources for operating said circuit making and breaking device.

Another object of the invention resides in providing contacts for cooperation with said contact making lever, and in further providing means movable in accordance with the diiferences of the frequencies of the two sources for causing relative movement between said lever and said contacts.

A still further object of the invention resides in providing a synchronizing apparatus comprising a revoluble member together with a contact making and breaking device including a swinging arm having a segment thereon for engagement with said revoluble member.

An object of the invention resides in providing a pivoted arm on which said first named arm swings, said pivoted arm permitting said segment to move toward and from said revoluble member.

A feature of the invention resides in providing a synchronizing apparatus comprising two motors driven from the two sources to be synchronized and having relatively revoluble juxtadisposed parts carried contact making and breaking devices adapted to connect the sources together when the voltages thereof are in synchronism.

Another object of the invention resides in arranging said motors with the shafts thereof in axial alignment and in constructing said motors with two contacts having contacting surfaces movable in the same path of movement.

A feature of the invention resides in providing a synchronizing apparatus including two motors driven at speeds proportional to the frequencies of the sources to be synchronized and controlling the closing of a time limit closing relay for more than a predetermined time when the frequencies of the sources to be synchronized are within permissible limits so as to. connect the sources together.

Another object of the invention resides in providing a synchronizing apparatus employing two motors together with segmental contacts and other contacts adapted to be brought into cooperation therewith.

A still further object of the invention resides in providing a time closing relay in conjunction with said segmental contacts and motors.

An object of the invention resides in providing a synchronizing apparatus comprising two revol-- uble members driven at speeds proportional to the speeds of the sources to be synchronized and having cooperating contacts norm-ally out of contact making relation and in further providing speed controlled means for bringing the contacts into contact making relation.

Other objects of the invention reside in the novel combination and arrangement of parts and in the details of construction hereinafter illustrated and/or described.

This application is a continuation-in-part of my application for patent for Automatic synchronizers, Ser. No. 695,153, filed February 26, 1924, and patented August 25, 1931, No. 1,820,319, and contains subject-matter which is disclosed in my application for patent for a System for automatic parallel coupling of synchronous alternating current machines, Ser. No. 133,645, filed September 4, 1926, and patented January 30, 1934, No. 1,944,996.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a wiring diagram of an electrical system illustrating an embodiment of my invention.

Fig. 2 is an elevational view of the synchronizing device illustrated in Fig. 1 with a portion of the case removed and other portions of the device shown in section.

Fig. 3 is a front elevational view of the synchronizing device shown in Fig. 2 with parts thereof cut away.

Fig. 4 is a perspective view of the contact mechanism of the invention detached from the syn chronizing device.

Fig. 5 is a perspective view of another of the contact mechanisms of the synchronizing device shown in Fig. 2 detached'therefrom.

Fig. 6 is an elevational sectional view of a modification of the contact device shown in Fig. 4.

Fig. 7 is an elevational sectional view of another form of synchronizing device.

Fig. 8 is a vertical sectional view taken on line 8-8 of Fig. '7.

Fig. 9 is a view similar to Fig. 8 taken on line 9-9 of Fig. '7.

Fig. 10 is a view similar to Fig. 9 illustrating the parts in altered relation.

Fig. 11 is a wiring diagram similar to Fig. 1 showing an installation including the synchronizing device illustrated in Fig. '7.

The invention comprises an electrical system which is indicated in its entirety in Fig. 1. This system includes two lines, A and B, connected to sources of alternating current, or which may be portions of an alternating current net-work. Line A is illustrated as having phases indicated at I, 2 and 3 and the line B is similarly indicated as having phases l, 2 and 3. The two lines A and B may be connected together through a circuit breaker CB which comprises a coil CBI and three switches CB2, CB3 and CB4 connected to the phases l, 2 and 3 of the lines A and B.

In order to connectthe two lines A and B together, it becomes necessary that the poten-- tial of the currents therein be at synchronism. For this purpose, a synchroscope indicated at N is employed which may be of usual construction and which is provided with a field l5 having 'a rotor ll revoluble therein. The rotor II is mounted on a shaft l2 and carries suitable coils diagrammatically indicated at l3. Upon the field I is wound other coils H, which serve to energlze the field and to cause the rotation of the rotor ll. Inasmuch as synchroscopes are well known in the art, the synchroscope N has not been shown in detail, though it can readily be comprehended that any suitable construction may be employed. With such devices, the rotor ll travels at a speed dependent upon the difference in frequency between the potential of currents energizing the same and in a direction depend ing upon which of the potentials has the greater frequency. When the frequencies are equal, the rotor ll comes to rest at a certain locality which is always the same.

For the purpose of controlling the operation of the system, a control relay C is employed which includes a coil Cl and two normally open switches C2 and C3. The coil Cl may be connected to a control line l which may be energized in any suitable manner and which may be provided with a switch disposed at the control station or otherwise as desired. The control relay C controls two circuits which serve to ener gize the synchroscope N and also the other mechanism operating I in conjunction therewith. These circuits include a common bus l5, which is connected to phases 2 of both the lines A and B. In conjunction with this common bus, another bus I1 is employed which is connected to phase 3 of line A and to the switch C3. A similar bus I5 is connected to phase 3 of the line B and to the other switch C2 of relay C. These circuits serve to energize the synchroscope N and the other portions of the invention as will be presently described in detail.

The synchroscope N functions in a manner to operate a synchronizingv device which I have indicated at Y and which in turn serves to close the circuit breaker CB when the line conditions are proper. This synchronizing device is illustrated in Figs. 2 to 5 inclusive and will now be described in detail.

The synchroscope N is housed'within a suitable case l8 which may be mounted in any suitable manner. This casehas attached to it, an auxiliary case 20 which houses the synchronizing device Y and extends outwardly beyond the case H. The case 20 consists of a shell 2| which is provided at the front thereof with a glass window 22 through which the operating mechanism of the synchronizing device may be viewed.

The synchronizing device Y utilizes the synchroscope shaft l2 which extends outwardly beyond the synchroscope proper. The shaft I2 is Journalled in a bearing 25 formed in a bracket 25 secured to the case i! and in another bearing in the synchroscope, not shown. The bracket 25 carr es a circular disc or plate 21 of insulating material which is screwed to a threaded boss 28 at the end of the bearing 25 and which is further attached to a number of posts 29 through screws 30 screwed into said posts. Upon the shaft I2 is secured a bushing 3i of insulating material which may be keyed or pinned thereto in any suitable manner. This bushing carries a spider 32 which comprises ahub 33 attached to said bushing and a flange 34 extending outwardly therefrom. A ring 35 of insulating material is secured to the flange 32 through screws 35, said flange being disposed within a recess 31 in the rear of said ring. Upon the periphery of the ring 35 are provided a number of contacts, one of these contacts which has been indicated at 38 is disposed toward the rear of the ring and is directly connected to the flange 34 in any suitable manner. This contact has considerable circumferential extent as diagrammatically illustrated in Fig. 1. At the forward end of the ring 35 is formed another contact 39 similar to the contact 38 but of smaller circumferential extent. I This contact is situated diametrically opposite the contact 38 but in a different plane from said contact. The contact 39 is connected to the spider 32 through one of the screws 35. Diametrically opposite the contact 39 and in the plane thereof are two contacts 4| and 42 which are rather narrow in circumferential extent and are fairly closely positioned. These contacts have attached to them, screws 43 and 44, which extend into the interior of the ring 35. Two arcuate conductors 45 and 45 are secured to the screws 43 and 44, through nuts 49 and extend toward the other side of the ring. These conductors may be secured to the ring 35 through screws 50 screwed therein. The ends of the two conductors 45 and 46 are provided with inwardly bent arms 5| and 52 which have attached to them outwardly extending contact pins 53 and 54, the function of which will presently be described in detail. All of the contacts as, as, u

and 42 lie flush with the surface of the ring 35, being set into the outer periphery thereof at the localities illustrated.

Mounted upon the insulating disc 21 of the synchronizing device are four studs 55, 55, 51 and 58, which are constructed with threaded stems 59 extending through said disc, which stems have nuts 5|] applied thereto whereby said studs may be rigidly held attached to the disc 21. The studs 55, 55, 51 and 5B are all formed with short shafts BI projecting outwardly therefrom, which journal swinging arms 52, 53, 54 and 65. These arms are each forked at one end as indicated at 55 to receive rollers 51, 58, 59 and 10, which are rotatably mounted in said studs on shafts H, extending through the forked portions 55 thereof. The rollers 51 and 55 are so disposed as to ride upon the periphery of ring 35 and to make contact with the contacts at the rear and front of the ring respectively. The rollers 59 and 10 are similarly situated with respect to the rear and front contacts of the device and lie in the same planes as the rollers 51 and 58. The weight of the arms 52 and 53, together with the rollers thereof force said rollers into contact with the periphery of the ring I5 so as to bring the said rollers into engagement with the respective contacts as the shaft 23 rotates. The arms '54 and 55 extend appreciably outwardly beyond the shafts 5| of studs 51 and 58, which entended portions serve counter-l weights for raising the rollers 63 and II to bring the same in contact with the periphery of the of the ring 35, a rotary brush 12 is employed which isattached to the end of the bushing 3|. This brush extends across the end of said bushing and lies along the flange 34 of the spider'32. A nut 13, screwed upon the end oftheshaft 23 and engaging an insulating washer 14, forces the spring brush 12 into engagement with spider 32 thereby forming an electrical connection between said brush and spider, insulated from the shaft I2. Operating in conjunction with the rotary brush 12 is a. fixed contact 15 coaxially dis posed with respect to the axis of the shaft I2. This contact is provided with a threaded stem 16, which extends through a bracket 11 attached to the disc 21 through a number of bolts 18. The contact 15 engages the brush 12 thereby leading the current to the spider 32 and to the various contacts connected therewith.

tact so will be designated as Y3 and the switches secured through the contacts 4| and 42 and roller'l. will be designated as Y2 and YI. In

'like manner the rollers 61 and 69 successively engage' the contact 38 completing circuitsto be presently described. The contact in ,between ,roller as and contact a will be designated as switch Y4 and the switch procured through the Contact 15', as best shown in Fig. 2, is formed with a portion 19 which serves as a shaft and which has rotatably mounted upon it, a collar 88. This collar is of such dimensions as to frictionally engage said portion 19 and to remain in any position therein in which it is left. The collar 88 has a contact finger 8| issuing outwardly therefrom which is disposed between the two contact pins 53 and 54 and which may engage either thereof depending upon the direction of rotation of shaft I2. When shaft I2 rotates in a clockwise direction as viewed in Fig. 3, contact finger 8| is brought into engagement with contact pin 53. When said shaft is rotated in the opposite direction, contact finger 8| is brought into engagement with contact pin 54.

Operating in conjunction with the insulating bushing 3| of the synchronizing device, is another circuit closing mechanism which is shown in detail in Fig. 5. An arm 82 is pivotally connected through a pin 83 with a forked arm 84 which is pivoted on the shaft 6| of stud 56. This arm 84 is disposed between the arm 63 previously referred to and the shoulder formed on said stud. The swinging arm 82 has attached to the lower end thereof a short segment 85 which is disposed between two flanges 86 and 81 formed on the bushing 3| and which rides on a circular portion 88 of said bushing therebetween. The weight of the arm 84 and the arm 82 causes the segment 85 to contact with the portion 88 of bushing 3| thereby providing a frictional driving connection therebetween causing the arm 82 to swing in one direction or the other depending upon the direction of rotation of the shaft I2. The upper end of the arm 82 has attached to it, two contacts 89 and 98 which are adapted to engage other contacts 9| and 92 secured to posts 93 and 94 mounted on the insulating disc 21 the same as the studs 55, 56, et..., previously referred to. When the shaft I2 rotates in one direction, the contact 98 is brought into engagement with contact 92 to complete a circuit to be presently described and when the shaft I2 rotates in the opposite direction, contact 89 is brought into engagement with the contact 9|. In the operation of the synchronizing device Y, the rollers 68 and 18 successively engage the contacts 39, 4| and 42. These contacts and the respective rollers serve as switches which for the sake of convenience will be described as follows. The switch procured through roller 68 and concontact'ofrollerv 61 and contact 38 will be referred to as Y5.

In conjunction with the synchronizing device Y. a number of relays are employed which are indicated by the reference characters X, T and S. The relay X is in the nature of an auxiliary relay and serves to directly operate the circuit breaker CB. This relaycomprises a coil XI and two normally open switches X2 and. X3. The

relay T is a time controlled relay being provided with a coil TI, a normally open switch T2 and a timing device such as a dash pot'T3. This relay is so, constructed that the same operates to procure the timed closing of the switch T2 upon energization of the coil TI, and an instantaneous opening thereof upon deenergization of the coil TI. The relay S is a safety relay employed with theinvention for preventingclosure of the circuit breaker before the synchronizing device has had an opportunity to start. This relay includes a coil S, and three normally open switches S2, S3 and S4.

The various parts of the invention are connected together as follows: The synchroscope N is provided with a reactance 95 and a resistance 96 which are connected together and to a conductor 91 which is connected to switch C2 of relay C. The reactance 95 and the resistance 96 are respectively connected to the proper windings of the coil I3 through conductors 98 and 99. which windings are further connected together and to a common conductor I88, which in turn is connected to the common bus I6 of the system. The coil I4 of the synchroscope is connected through a conductor |8| with the common bus I6 and is further connected through a conrotor I I of said synchroscope causing the shaft I2 to rotate in one direction or the other depending upon which of the lines has the higher frequency and at a rate depending upon the ratio of the frequencies of the two lines.

The synchronizing device Y is connected as follows: Both of the contacts 38 and 39 are connected to the revoluble brush 12 through spider 32 while th two contacts 4| and 42 may be alternately connected to the pin 8| which is connected with contact 15. Contact 15 is connected through a conductor I81 with switch C3 through conductor I82. Upon closing switch C3, energy is had from line A to energize the circuits through the synchronizing device. Roller 61 is connected through a conductor I with coil SI, which is connected through another conductor I83 with the common bus I6. Roller 69 is connected through a conductor I84 with switch S3, which switch is further connected through a conductor I with coil TI of relay T. Conductor I86 connects this coil with the common bus I6. Before the synchronizing device is started, the contacts thereof usually remain in the position shown in Fig. 1. No current flows through the switch Y4, inasmuch as the switch S3 in series therewith is open prior to the operation of'safety relay S. As soon as shaft I2 has rotated sufliciently to bring roller 61 into engagement with contact 38, the following circuit Is completed. Commencing with bus I! current flows through switch C3, conductor I02, conductor I01, contact 16, rotary bush I2, spider 32, switch Y5, conductor I66, coil SI, and conductor I03 to the common bus I6. This energizes coil SI and operates relay S. Energization of this relay completes two new circuits. One of these circuits includes a conductor I03 connected to switch S2 and coil SI and another conductor IIO connected to the'switch S2 and to the conductor I01 previously referred to. The circuit through the conductor I06, switch S2 and conductor serves as a maintaining circuit for maintaining the relay SI operative which remains operated as long as relay C is energized. As soon as the circuit through switch T2 is closed, relay 8 continues energized and the switch S3 is closed and so held. Closure of this switch prepares the following circuit. Commencing with the bus II, the circuit extends through switch C3," conductor I02, conductor I01, contact l6, rotary brush 12, switch Y4 (now open). conductor I04, switch S3, conductor I05, through coil TI of relay T and through conductor I06 to the common bus I6. As shaft I| continues its rotation, contact 36 engages roller 63 and the switch Y4 is closed this operation occurring when the voltages of the currents of the two lines are approaching synchronism. The relay T then commences to operate, the dash pot T3 timing the operation thereof. If the shaft I2 is traveling slow enough, which occurs when the two frequencies of the two lines are substantially in synchronism, switch T2 will be closed, before the switch YI or Y2 closes. In such event, another circuit is established through switch T2. This circuit is as follows: Commencing with the contact 16, which as previously described was connected to bus I'I, current would flow through the finger 8| and one or the other of the pins 63 or 64. Current would then flow through the respective conductor 45 or 46, the corresponding contact 4| or 42 and the roller I0. From there, current would travel through the conductor III, switch T2, conductor II2, coil XI and conductor II3 to the common bus I6. This would energize relay X, which as stated, is an auxiliary relay. The relay X, if energized for a sufficient length of time, will close the circuit breaker. The circuit therefor includes conductor I", switch X3, conductor H8, coil CBI and conductor II9. As soon as switch X3 is closed, the circuit breaker CB tends to close. However, the contacts 4| and 42 are relatively short in peripheral extent and under ordinary conditions the time during which said contacts remain closed is insuflicient to cause the operation of the circuit breaker. To cause the actual closing thereof, a maintaining circuit is provided for relay X, which includes switch X2, conductor H5, switch Y3 and conductor I01. This circuit shunts the switch YI or Y2. The contact 33 of switch Y3 is considerably longer than either of the contacts 4| and 42 and 'hence maintains the circuit through the coil XI of relay X closed a sufficient length of time to permit of the closing of circuit breaker CB unless the frequency difference increases substantially, in which case the shaft I2 speeds up and breaks the maintaining circuit for relay X before the circuit breaker can operate. If the circuit breaker closes, the shaft I2 stops in known manner, with the associated parts in the position in which they are shown. This is due to the characteristic operation of the synchroscope N which, of course, will also return the apparatus Y to the position shown if it should drift slightly past this position as the circuit breaker closes. It will be noted that the two contacts 4| and 42 cause the closing of the circuit breaker closing circuit in advance of synchronism. This is for the purpose of giving the circuit breaker an opportunity to close so that closing may occur when the frequencies of the two lines are in absolute synchronism. By means of fingers II, 53 and, such action may be had for both directions of rotation of the shaft I2. The circuit breaker then remains energized until the circuit I5 is again opened.

In the event that the frequencies of the two lines A and B are in exact synchronism when said lines are to be connected together, the synchroscope N would not rotate and the switch Y5 would not close to put in operation the circuit breaker closing mechanism. To overcome this disadvantage, relay L is employed. This relay comprises a coil LI, a normally open switch L2 and a timing mechanism L3 adapted to time the closing of switch L2 but to permit of the rapid opening thereof. Switch L2 is connected through a conductor I6'I with conductor H2, and through a conductor I66 with conductor Hi. This switch is further connected to coil LI through conductor I69, which coil is connected to phase I of line B through a conductor I10. If the synchroscope N fails to rotate, a circuit is established through switch Y3 and coil LI is energized. This circuit commences with phase I of line B, and includes conductor I10, coil LI, conductor I69, I68, and H5. Said circuit further includes switch Y3, brush I2, contact I3, conductors I01, I02, switch C3 and bush II terminating at phase 3 of line A. Since opposite phases of the two lines are employed, voltage is had for operating the relay at synchronism. If energization is maintained for a sufficient length of time, switch L2 is finally closed. This completes a circuit through coil XI which operates the circuit breaker closing relay X. If the synchroscope N rotates the circuit through coil LI is broken before relay X is operated and closure of the circuit breaker can only be procured through operation of the synchronizing apparatus Y as previously brought out.

In Fig. 6, I have shown a somewhat different type of contact device which may be used in place of the structure shown in Fig. 4. In this form of the invention, a cylindrical cam I20 of insulating material is employed which is attached to the shaft I2. This cam is formed with a hump I2I thereon projecting outwardly beyond the periphery thereof. Upon the disc 21 is mounted a bracket I22 which carries an adjusting screw I23 movable in a direction toward and from the shaft I2. This screw has attached to the end thereof, a bearing block I 24, which has pivoted to it through a pin I25, a swinging arm I26. Arm I26 is adapted to be engaged by the hump I2I of cam I20 and to be swung about its p vot I25. The arm I 26 has attached to it, a contactor bar I2'I which is provided with a contact I29 at its outer end adapted to engage a fixed contact I30, mounted on disc 21. The contactor bar is yieldingly held attached to the arm I26 through a spring I28 and two bolts I3I and I32 loosely passing through said bar and arm. When the arm I26 is engaged by the hump I2I,

contactor bar I21 is moved until the contact I29 thereof engages contact I30. Further movement of the lever I26 is permitted through the spring I28 which allows said lever to move away from the bar I21. The two contacts I29 and I30 are connected to the coil TI and to the conductor III'I. When this device is employed, the switch T2 is directly conne ted to conductor I01 and to synchronizing device Y, and .relay S is dispensed with. When the contacts I29 and I30 remain closed for a sufilcient length of time to operate timed relay T, the circuit through'switch T2 is until after the motors driving the same have come up to speed. There would hence be no closed and the coil XI is energized the same as in the other form of the invention. By the adjustment of the screw I23, any length of time can be had through the engagement of the hump I2I with lever I26 so that the said device can be caused to function in identically the same manner as the synchronizing device Y.

In Figs. 7 to 10, I have shown a construction which may be used in place of the synchronizlng device Y and the synchroscope N. This device comprises two motors I33 and I34 which are preferably mounted upon a single base I35 with the shafts I36 and I3! thereof in axial alignment. Motors I33 and I34 may be of synchronous type or any other suitable type in which the speed thereof depends upon the frequency of the voltages of the current for operating the same. The motor I33 has attached to the shaft I36 thereof, a hub I38 constructed of insulating material which is formed with aflange I39 extending outwardly from the outer end of the same. The shaft I31 has similarly attached to it, a hub I40 which is provided with a flange I4I similar to the flange I39. The flange I4I has attached to it an annular ring I42 which extends over toward the flange I39. In the end of the hub I38 is mounted a shaft extension I43 which is axially disposed with reference to the shaft I36 but is insulated therefrom. This shaft is provided with a set screw I44 for holding the same in place. Rotatably mounted upon the shaft extension I43 is a hub I45 which carries a collar I46 similar to the collar 80. This collar has attached to it a pin I41 which is adapted to engage either of two contacts I40, secured to the flange HI and corresponding in function to the pins 53 and 54 of the device shown in Fig. 4. s

The flange I39 carries two posts I49 and I50, which swingably support two arms II and I 52 carrying rollers I53 and I54 similar to the arms and rollers of the other form of the invention, which rollers are held away from the ring I42 through springs 209. The two rollers I53 and I54 lie in different planes and are adapted to en'- Iage contacts on the inner surface of the ring I42 which are likewise disposed in two planes corresponding to the planes of said rollers. The roller I53 may engage two short closely spaced contacts 4| and 42 while the roller I54 isadapted to engage a long contact I56 diametrically opposed to the contacts M and 42. Current is led to the various rollers and other contacts of the device through a number of collector rings I58, I59 and I60, which are mounted on the hub I38 and through another set of collector rings I BI, I62 and I63 which are mounted on the hub I40. Brushes of any type may be used in conjunction with these collector rings and serve to conduct the current through the various contacts as will now be described in detail.

The form of the synchronizing device shown in Figs. 7 to is connected in a system in much danger of closing of the system when the device comes to rest at its previous position at which synchronism occurred. The relay L may or may not be employed as desired. For the purpose of simplicity, this relay has also been shown as omitted from Fig. 11.

The two motors I33 and I34 are employed in place of the synchroscope N. These motors are both connected to the common bus I6 and are further connected through the conductors 91 and I02 with the two switches C2 and C3. When the relay C is actuated through energization of line I5, both the motors I 33 and I34 are actuated and rotate in the same direction, each receiving its power from the respective source A or B with which it is connected.

The various contacts actuated through the two motors I33 and I34 are connected as follows. Roller I53 is connected through a conductor 200 with collector ring I58. The two contacts H and 42 are connected through conductors 20I and T2, and the brush associated with collector ring I59 is connected through the conductor I04 with coil TI. Conductor I0! is connected to conductor I 02 and is in turn connected to the brush associated with collector ring I60. Collector ring I 6I is similarly connected through a conductor I0IA with conductor I02. The brushes associated with the two collector rings I62 and I 63 may be connected to a suitable indicating device such as is shown in Fig. 1, or to a suitable speed matching device.

The operation of the form of the invention shown in Fig. 11 is substantially the same as that shown in Fig. 1. When the parts are at rest, the springs 209 hold the rollers I 53 and I54 out of the path of movement of contacts 4|, 42 and the contacts I56. When the line I5 is first closed, the circuits through the various rollers I53 and I54 are open and closure of the circuit breaker is prevented. When relay C is operated, switches C2 and C3 are closed,-which energizes the two motors I33 and I34 causing the same to travel in the same direction. As soon as the motor I33 comes up to speed, the two rollers I53and I54 are urged through centrifugal force against the inner surface of the ring I42. The functioning of the various apparatus for the closure of the circuit breaker is now possible and the synchromzing apparatus operates in much the same manner as previously described. As the roller I54 passes contact I 56 it closes the circuit which energizes relay T. When the relative speed between the two members I42 and I3! is slow enough, which occurs when the frequencies of the voltages of the two sources to besynchronized are at substantially synchronism, the switch T2 is closed. The circuit for energizing relay x includes switch T2 and also the roller III and one or the other of the contacts 4I or 42. When the roller I03 comes in contact with the appropriate rotation of the shaft and by the engagement of the pin I41 with one or the other of the pins I40,

the circuit is completed through coil XI and relay X is energized. This closes switch X3 which energizes coll CBI of the circuit breaker CB, operating the same. By means of the two contacts H and 42, advance closing of the relay X may be had so that when the circuit breaker actually connects, the two sources are in synchronism. The pin I4'I engages one only of the two contacts I40 at one time so that only one of these, namely the one operable in advance of synchronism is capable of closing the circuit to operate the dircult breaker. The switch x: m the form of the invention shown in Fig. 11 is connected through conductor I with coil x and is further connected through a conductor 2I0 with the conductor I02, previously referred to. As soon as the relay X operates, the circuit is maintained through coil XI by means of this switch which causesthe said auxiliary relay to remain closed throughout the subsequent connection of the two sources together and until the circuit I5 is manually opened.

Where advance closing is not needed, the two contacts 4I and 42 may be dispensed with and a patent now issued as Patents Nos. 1,944,996 and 2,073,426. This device is illustrated in Fig. 1 at 02, and the two fixed contacts thereof are designated at 0| and 02. These parts are connected as follows. The arm 02 is connected through a conductor 2 with switch 84 which in turn is connected through aconductor 2I2 with common bus I 6. Contact 0| is connected through a conductor 2|! with a resistance 2 l4 and the contact 02 isconnected through a conductor 2I5 with a resistance 2I0 of. diflerent value. resistances are connected through a common conductor 2II with an ammeter 2I0, which in turn is connected through a conductor 2I0 with conductor I0 previously referred to. Ammeter 2l0 through the two resistances 2I4 and 2I0 indicates which of the two sources has the higher frequency. If the sources of power are desired to be automatically regulated, speed matching may be procured by connecting the suitable speed matching mechanism to the conductors 2I0 and 2H in place of the ammeter 2l8. The same results may be procured with the form of the invention shown in Fig. 11 by connecting the speed matching apparatus to the brushes associated with the two slip rings I02 and IE3.

The system shown in Fig. 1 is capable of use for the connection of a dead line directly to a live line. This is accomplished through two relays VA and VB. The relay VB includes a coil VBI These two contact 4| or 42, which is determined by the and a normally closed switch V132. Relay VA includes a coil VAI and a normally open switch VA2. These' relays are connected as follows. Coil VBI is connected through a conductor 2" with phase 2 of line B, and is further connected through a conductor 220 with the common II which is connected to phase 2 of line B. Switch VB2 is connected through a conductor 22I with conductor I02 and is further connected through a conductor 222 with switch VA2. Switch VA! is in turn connected through a conductor 22! with conductor I66, previously referred to. Coil VAI is connected through a conductor 224 with phase 3 of line A and through a conductor 22! with the common I6.

When the two lines A and B are both deenergized, neither of the relays VA or VB are operated, and of course, no current is to be had for closing the circuit breaker. With both lines are energized, switch VA! is closed but switch VH2 is opened so that the circuit through these switches is broken and nothing occurs. If the line B is completely .deenergized, switch VB! closes and a circuit is established through the coil XI of relay X, which directly closes the circuit breaker CB. The opening of circuit I5 breaks the circuit through switches VBZ and VA2 and opens the circuit breaker.

Changes in the specific form of my invention is herein disclosed may be made within the scope of what is claimed, without departing from the spirit of my invention.

Having described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to protect by Letters Patent is:

1. In an electrical system wherein two sources of alternating electromotive forces are to be 'connected, synchronizing means therefore comprising a revolubie member rotated in a direction and at a rate dependent upon the frequency difference of said sources, a pivoted lever, a seg ment on said lever adapted to be engaged by said revolubie member for swinging said lever in either direction depending upon the direction of rotation of said member, independent con-' tacts closed by said lever upon movement of said member in opposite directions, contact means rotated with said revolubie member, cooperating contacts engaged by said contact means during the rotation thereof, and circuit means contiolled by said contact means and contacts and selectively energized through said independent contacts for indicating the frequency relationship of the electro-motive forces of said sources.

2. In electric synchronizing apparatus for two sources of alternating current, the'combination with two motors driven at speeds proportional to the frequencies of the sources to be synchronized, main switching means for connecting said sources, a pair of contacts, one thereof being ro tate'd by the rotor of one motor and the other being rotated by the rotor of the other motor, said contacts having contacting surfaces traveling in the same path, a second pair of contacts pair of contacts acting to close similarly operated by said motors, a time limit closing relay, a switch circuit controlled by said relay for closing said main switching means, one the energizing circuit of said time limit closing relay for more than the time predetermined thereby when the frequencies of the sources to be synchronized are within a permissible limit of difference and the other acting to close said switch circuit when the phase relationship of the sources is correct, and devices actuated by one said motor according to its speed for maintaining at least one said pair of contacts open until said one motor attains a predetermined speed.

3. An electric synchronizing apparatus for two sources of alternating current'fcomprising two motors driven at speeds proportional to the frequencies of the sources to be synchronized, main switching means for connecting said sources, a pair of contacts, one thereof being rotated by the rotor of one motor and the other being rotated by the rotor of the other motor, said contacts having contacting surfaces traveling in the same path, said contacts controlling a circuit containing a time limit closing relay, the length of the contacting surface of one of said contacts being such that when the frequencies of the two sources to be synchronized are within permissible limits the relay circuit is closedfor a time sufiicient to allow the relay to operate, a second pair of contacts similarly operated by said motors controlling a switch operating circuit in which circuit is a gap closed by the operation of the relay, and devices actuated by one said motor according to its speed for maintaining at least one said pair of contacts open until said" one motor attains a predetermined speed.

4. In electric synchronizing apparatus for two sources of alternating current, the combination with two motors driven at speeds proportional to the frequencies of the sources to be synchronized, main switching means for connecting said sources, a pair of contacts rotatable with the rotors of said motors, and including a segmental contact, a second pair of contacts rotatable with the rotors of said motors and including another segmental contact, a circuit including said first pair of contacts and a source of power, a

time closing relay in said circuit, a second circuit including said second pair of contacts and a source of power, a main switch operating coil in said second circuit and a gap in said second circuit controlled by said relay, and devices actuated by one said motor according to its speed for maintaining at least one said pair of contacts open until said one motor attains a predetermined speed.

'5. In an electric synchronizing apparatus for two sources of alternating current, the combination with two motors driven at speedsproportional to the frequencies of the sources to be synchronized, main switching means for connecting said sources, two pairs of contacts rotatable with the rotors of said motors, each pair including a segmental contact, a time limit closing relay, a switch circuit controlled by said relay for closing said main switching means, one pair of said contacts acting to close the circuit of said time limit closing relay when the frequencies of the sources to be synchronized are within permissible limits and the other pair of contacts acting to close said switch circuit when the phase relationship of the sources is correct, and devices actuated by one said motor according to its speed for maintaining at least one said pair of contacts open until said one motor attains a predetermined speed.

6. A synchronizing apparatus comprising two revoluble members adapted to be driven at speeds proportional to the frequencies of the sources to be synchronized, a contact carried by one of said revoluble members and traveling along a defined path, a contact for engagement with said first contact and carried by the other rotary-member, said second contact being normally out of the path of movement of said first contact, and speed controlled means for bringing said second contact into the path of movement of said firstcontact when said second revoluble member reachesa predetermined speed.

'7. A synchronizing apparatus comprising two revoluble members adapted to be driven at speeds proportional to the frequencies of the sources to be synchronized, two contacts carried by one of said revoluble members, a third contact carried by said other revoluble member and movable between said first contacts and adapted to contact with either thereof, means for yieldingly supporting said third contact relative to said second revoluble member to cause relative movement between said third contact and the corresponding revoluble member when said third contact engages either of said first contacts.

8. In an electrical system wherein two sources of alternating electromotive forces are to be connected together, a revoluble member movable in accordance with the differences of the frequencies of the two sources to be synchronized, a contact lever eccentrically pivoted with respect to said revoluble member, means on said revoluble member for successively and momentarily swinging said lever at predetermined times in its cycle of movement, contacts opened and closed by said lever, means for varying the pivot point of said lever whereby to regulate the period during which said contacts are closed for each revolution of said member, and means controlled by said contacts for connecting the sources together. I

9. In an electrical system wherein two sources of alternating electromotive forces are to be connected together, a revoluble member movable in accordance with the differences of the frequencies of the two sources to be synchronized, a contact lever, a cam operated by said revoluble member and engaging said lever for swinging the same, contacts opened and closed by said lever, a movable pivot for said lever, means for varying the pivot point of said lever whereby to regulate the period during which said contacts are closed for each revolution of said member, and means controlled by said contacts for connecting the sources together.

10. In an electrical system wherein two souces of alternating electromotive forces are to be connected together, a synchronizing device including a member adapted to occupy difierent positions dependent upon the phase relation of the sources, a lever, means on said member adapted to swing said lever at one of the positions of the member, a movable pivot for said member, means for varying the pivot point of said, lever whereby to regulate the period during which said contacts are closed for each revolution of said member, contacts adapted to be opened and closed by said lever, and means controlled by said contacts for connecting the sources together.

11. In an electrical system wherein two sources of alternating electromotive forces are to be connected together, a synchronizing device including a member adapted to occupy diiferent positions dependent upon the phase relation of the sources, a lever, contents adapted to be actuated by said lever, means operated by said member for moving said lever to procure actuation of said contacts at one of the positions of said member, a pivot for said lever, means for varying said pivot for changing the duration of closing of said contacts for each revolution of said member, and means controlled by said contacts for connecting the sources together.

12. In an electrical system wherein two sources of alternating electromotive forces are to be connected together, motive means energized by the two sources and including a revoluble member, a contact lever eccentrically pivoted with respect to said revoluble member, means on said revoluble member for successively and momentarily swinging said lever at predetermined times in its cycle of movement, contacts opened and closed by said lever, means for varying the pivot point of said lever whereby to regulate the period during which said contacts are closed for each revolution of said member, and means controlled by said contacts for connecting said sources together.

13. In an electrical system wherein two sources of alternating electromotive force are to be connected, synchronizing means therefor comprising a revoluble member adapted to rotate continuously in either direction, a vertical lever having a segment adapted to rest on said revoluble member, a horizontal arm pivoted to said lever and swingable to guide the segment for movement toward and from the re voluble member, contacts operable by said lever and means operable by both of said sources for rotating said revoluble member.

14. In an electrical system wherein two sources of alternating current are to be connected, main switching means for connecting said sources, a

first motor connected for supply by one said source, a second motor connected for supply by the other said source, circuit closing devices actuated by one of said motors when said motor has attained a predetermined speed, further circuit closing devices actuated by both said motors and operated when said sources are at small ranges of frequency and phase diflerences, and circuit means controlled by both said circuit closing devices for closing said main switching means.

15. In an electrical system wherein two sources of alternating current operating in substantial synchronism and having at least three phase conductors are to be connected, means for connecting a first phase conductor from one source with the corresponding phase conductor of the other source, main switching means for connecting at least the other phase conductors of said sources; a relay having an energizing coil, a switch, means for rapidly returning said switch to open position, and timing means for delaying the closing of the switch; circuit means for connecting a second phase conductor of one said sources to the third phase conductor of the other said source and including said coil; and means energized by the closing of said relay switch for closing said main switching means, whereby the sum of the voltage between the said first phase conductor connecting means and the second phase conductor of said one source and the voltage between said first phase conductor connecting means and the third phase conductor of said other source is utilized for energizing said coil, said sum being a maximum when the two sources are in phase.

16. In an electrical system including two networks each supplied by a source of alternating current, main switching means for connecting said networks together, a synchronizing means responsive to differences of frequency and phase in said networks and circuits controlled thereby for closing said main switching means within a predetermined range of diflerence of frequency and phase, control switch means, a relay responsive to a voltage in one said network and including contacts which are closed when said voltage does not exist therein, and circuit means independent of said synchronizing means and including said contacts and control switch means and connected for energization by the other said network for closing said main switching means when no synchronizing current is available from said one network. g

17. In an apparatus for connecting two alternating current systems at least one oi which varies in frequency, the combination of a main switching means for connecting said systems and having an actuating coil, a common supply conductor connected to first like conductors of said systems, a remotely controlled line, a control relay actuated by said remotely controlled line when the latter is energized, said control relay having two switching means, synchronoscope devices, two actuating circuits for said synchronoscope devices which are independently connectable through said two switching means to second like conductors of said systems, a timing relay and an energizing circuit connecting the same to said common conductor and through the synchronoscope devices to one of said second conductors, a closure relay and an energizing circuit connecting the same to said common conductor and through contacts of said timing relay and the synchronoscope devices to one of said second conductors, actuating circuit means from said common conductor through contacts of said closure relay and said actuating coil to one said second conductor, second contacts means closed by said closure relay when energized, and a maintaining circuit for the closure relay from said common conductor through said second contact means and contacts of said control relay to the one of said actuating circuits connected with said variable frequency system so that the maintaining circuit will pass out of operation when either said variable frequency system or said remotely controlled line is deenergized, said synchronoscope'devices operating through said timing and closure relays to eifect closing of said main switching means within a predetermined range 281' frequency and phase differences or said sys- 18. In an electrical system including two sources of alternating current, main switching means for connecting said sources together, and a plurality of means for closing said main switching means; one of said closing means including synchronizing devices for establishing the closing when the two sources are within a predetermined range of phase and frequency relations. another of said closing means being operated from one said source only; and selecting means responsive to voltage in the other said source operating to connect said one closing means for operation when voltage from said other source is delivered thereto, and operating to connect said other closing means for operation when voltage is not delivered from said other source.

19. In an electrical system including two sources of-alternating current, main switching means for connecting said sources together, means for closing said main switching means, said closing means including synchronizing devices operated from both said sources when both are energized for establishing the closing within a predetermined range of frequency and phase relations, and devices connected to one said devices.

saunas of said switch source and operative when one source is de energized. for directly the closing regardless '0! the actuation .of synchronizing so. In an" electrical as... including two'lines of conductors, for connecting said lines; said lines' conducting electrical cur said line and eiiectivewhen said one line is deenergized for the closing of said switching meansindependently of an operation of said 21. In an electrical system including two inde- -pendently supplied lines of conductora'switching means for connecting said lines, means responsive to the electrical relation of the'potentials in said lines and operative at a predetermined range of such electrical relation for initiating a closing of said switching means when both lines a are charged, a relay having normally open contacts and connected to one line to be closed by current therefrom, a relay having normally closed contacts and connected to the. other said line to be opened by current therefrom, and circuit means including contacts of both said relays and connected for initiating a closing of said switching means when said one line is charged and said other line is uncharged. v

22. In an'electrical system including two lines temating current, switching means for connecting said lines, means responsive to the frequency and when only one of said circuits is energized.

25. In combination with two alternating-current circuits and a switch for connecting the circuits, control means for said switch including a plural-element relay'means connected and arranged to be energized in accordance with the voltagesincident to'said circuits for eiiecting the closing of said switch only during predetermined phase and frequency relations between the two circuit voltages and means electrically associated with said control means and said switch for effecting the closing of said switch when only one 5 of'said circuits is energized.

26. In combination with two alternating. current circuits, switching means for interconnectof conductors independently chargeable with aling said; circuits, a synchronoscope controlling said switching means, said synchronoscope including a rotary element and means for rotating the same in one direction or the other depending upon the relative frequencies of said circuits, and means for indicating the direction of rotation of said element comprising a pivoted lever having frictional engagementv with said element the frequency of said sources is less than a predetermined amount, a maintaining circuit iii-- cluding a switch closed by said relay for maintaining said relay energized, a circuit over which phase relation of the potentialsin said lines when 40 said lines are charged and including first devices for initiating a closing of saidswitching means within predetermined ranges of frequency and phase differences, said responsive means also including second devices for initiating a closing of said switching means within a difl'erent range of phase difference when the frequencies are iden- .-tical, and third devices responsive to the condienergized in accordancev with the voltages incident to -said circuits for effecting the closing of said switch only under predetermined electrical conditions when said means are effectively energized by said two alternating current cir- I cuits, and for closing said switch when said means is effectivelyv energized by only one of said circuits and the other circuit is de-energized.

rent circuits anda switch for connecting the circuits, control means for said switch including relay means; means for efiectively energizing said relay means in accordance with the voltages incident to saidcircuitsonly when said circuits are energized for effecting the closing of said switch under predeterminedelectrical conditions, and means operatively associated with said first means and said switchfor' effecting the 01 51 8 said relay operates said devices, and means for opening said maintaining circuit if the phase difference between said sources increases beyond a predetermined amount before the operation of said device is completed.

28. In a control system, a switching device for interconnecting two alternating current sources, means for testing said sources to determine the diflerence in their frequencies, means responsive when the frequencies are found to differ by any amount less than a predetermined amount for initiating the operation of said device, means for insuring that such operation is initiated before said sources reach phase coincidence,' and means incapable of initiating the operation of said device but operative to continue such operation to completion after said initiating means has become ineffective, providedthe phase diiierence between said sources does not increase more than a predetermined amount before such operation has been completed. 7

29. In a system for interconnecting two alter- .nating current power lines, a switching device for connecting said lines, a control switch, means responsive to the operation of said control switch I 5 for operating said-device if the said lines have 24.'In'combination' with two alternating-curthe same frequency and do not differ in phase by more than a predetermined amount, means for rendering said first means inoperative if said lines differ in frequency, and means alternative to said first means for testing the frequency difference between said lines each time they approach phase coincidence and for effecting the operation of said device substantially at phase colow a predetermined amount.

incidence when said frequency difference falls bev 30,. In a system for interconnecting two alternating current circuits when the phme and frequency differences are within predetermined limits, a main switching means for connecting said circuits together, two alternative closing means selectively operated in accordance with the condition of the frequency and phase relation of the voltages in said circuits for operating said main switching means, one of said closing means being operative when the frequencies remain the same for more than a predetermined time provided the phase difference does not exceed a predetermined amount, the other of said closing means being operative when the frequencies remain the same for less than said predetermined time and under a different condition of phase difference, and means controlled in accordance will: the phase and frequency differences in said circuits for bringing about the selective operation of said two closing means as set forth.

31. In a control system, a switching device for interconnecting two alternating current sources,

a rotatable element adapted to rotate at a speed dependent on the diiference in the frequency of said sources, a starting switch for associating said element with said sources to render the same operative, means also rendered operative by said starting switch contingent on said element failing to start rotation for a predetermined time for initiating the operation of said switching device, and a second means for initiating the operation of said switching device in case said first means fails to operate due to rotation of said element, said second means being controlled jointly by said starting switch and by said element, and means including said element for insuring that said second means is operated at a time when the frequency difference is less than a predetermined amount and in advance of phase coincidence.

32. In a control system, the combination with a switching device for interconnecting two alternating current sources, of an automatic synchronizer for controlling said device, said synchronizer comprising a synchroscope motor supplied with power fromsaid sources, a rotatable member supported on the shaft of said motor and driven thereby if the frequency of one of said sources is higher than the frequency of the other source, ,ineans carried on said rotatable member for initiating the operation of said switching device, an auxiliary control member, a pivot for supporting said control member independent of said shaft, means including said rotatable mem-- ber for moving said control member on said pivot, and means including said control member cooperating with the said means carried by said rotatable member for causing the operation of said device to be initiated in advance of phase coincidence.

33. In a control system, the combination with a switching device for interconnecting two alternating current sources, of an automatic synchronizer for controlling said device, said synchronizer comprising a synchroscope motor supplied with power from said sources, two relatively movable members, one of which is rotated by the shaft of said motor if the frequencies of one of said sources is higher than the frequency of the other source, means independent of said shaft for pivotally supporting the second of said members. means including the first of said members for moving the second member on its pivot, a circuit for initiating the operation of said device, and means including a part carried by the first of said members and a part carried by the second member cooperating therewith for causing said circuit to be closed in advance of phase coincidence.

34. In combination with two alternating current circuits and a switch for connecting the circuits, control means for said switch including means responsive to the frequency and phase difference of the voltages in said circuits at the switch and connected and arranged to be effectively energized for effecting the closing of said switch only when the frequencies of the voltages of the said two alternating currents circuits have remained in synchronism and within a predetermined phase difference during a predetermined time interval, and also including means for preventing closing of the switch if the voltages in the circuits assume a frequency difference during said interval, and also including means for closing said switch when said responsive means is eifectively energized by only one of said circuits and the other circuit is de-energized.

ERICK PEARSON.

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