US2244078A - Baling press and a method of baling - Google Patents

Description

June 3, 1941. B. a. PERLBERG BALING PRESS AND A METHOD 0F BALING Filed May 4, 1939 INVENTOR. BENJAMIN B. PERLBERG ATTORNEY.

Patented June 3, 1941 UNITED vSTATI-.1s m'rENT OFFICE BALING PRESS AND A METHOD OF BALING BenjamnB. Perlberg, Brooklyn, N. Y. Application May 4, 1939, serial No. 271,650

13 Claims.

This invention relates to baling presses and a method of baling.

The use of multiple operation baling presses has become quite common in many industries, but, for the purposes of illustration only, and whereever any particularity may become necessary for clarity, the invention will be described in relation to its use in one of these industries, that is, the industry of baling scrap metal. In that particular industry, the use of hydraulic presses has taken on particular significance for reducing bulky scrap to compact bales, requiring small space for shipment, storage or in handling, and requiring a minimum opening for furnace doors when the bales are charged into a furnace. Such presses generally, however, represent very large investments. To justify such investment, such presses must be capableof operation at such rate that the overhead cost of production of each bale shall not overreach the advantages otherwise obtained. For this reason, increase in the rate of production of bales has become uppermost in the problem of increasing the efficiency and the operative effectiveness of such baling presses. For this purpose, one of the aspects of the invention here is in the ability to deposit and form an uncompressed charge in the press at the same time that the press is completing the necessary stages to deliver a fully compressed bale froma previously deposited and formed uncompressed charge.

In usual practice, the uncompressed material to be baled is fed by gravity through the open top of a chamber of the press. After the charge has thus been deposited and formed, the open top may be closed by any suitable closure, such as a cover which may be hinged, or slidable, or otherwise movable into position to seal the open top. While such a cover may be of sufficient weight to seal the open top, other or additional means may be supplied to assure that, as the compression of the charge proceeds, the cover will retain the charge properly for its condensation. In those cases where compression of the charge takes place under such circumstances that the cover must in fact resist the great force of compression directly applied, reinforcing ,structures must be provided to enable the cover to withstand such forces, and such structures and such operation make it necessary that the cover be retained in position until the bale has been completely formed and is ready for removal from the press, so thatthe chamber of the press is inaccessible for filling until a complete cycle of bale formation has been passed through by the apparatus.

It is an object of the invention to provide a method of baling, and a baling press for carrying out the method, wherein the beginning stages of the definition of the charge, and even certain stages of the compression of that charge, may be effected while another charge is being carried along to the nal stages of bale formation and delivery from the press, each without interference with the other. l

It is an object `of the invention to provide a baling press wherein the chargeforming chamber of the press is made available for filling while certain operations of the press on another charge are still going on.

It is an object of ythe invention to provide a baling press wherein the cover for the open top of the chamber of the press is wholly an unnecessary part of the apparatus for the final stages of bale compression.

It is an object ofthe invention to provide a baling press wherein the removal of the fully' compressed bale from the press is in no way r'elated to the position of the cover in relation to the open top.

In one press embodying features of the invention, the cover for the balingpress chamber has no function other than in connection with the initial first baling stage. In fact, during the other baling stages, the cover may be made ineffective as a barrier for the filling opening, and an uncompressed charge may be deposited in the chamber. When the charge has been reduced to a bale of the final dimensions, it may be discharged from the press, even as a new charge of material is being formed in the press. Furthermore, it is possible, with apparatus of the type here 'set forth, during progress of the last baling stage, not only may the chamber o'f the baling press be lled with a new charge, but, after this filling stage is completed, the initial stage of confining and condensing the loosely packed charge may be commenced.

Other objects of this invention will hereinafter be set forth, or will be apparent from the description and the drawing, in which is illustrated an embodiment of apparatus capable of carrying out the invention.

The. invention, however, is not intended to be restricted' to any particulas construction, or to any particular arrangemen' of parts, or to any particular application of su h construction or arrangement ofparts, or to any specific .method of l operation, or to various details thereof, herein shown and described, as the same may be modified in various particulars, or be applied in many Varied relations, without departing yfrom the spirit and scope of the claimed invention, the practical embodiment being merely illustrative and being'here described without intention other than to comply with the requirements of the statutes to illustrate an operative embodiment of the invention.

On the drawing, in which the same reference' characters refer to the same parts throughout, and in which is disclosed such an operative Iembodiment:

Fig. 1 is an elevational view of an embodiment of apparatus carrying out certain of the principles of the invention, certain of the parts being shown schematically, and parts being broken away in section, to illustrate the relative disposition thereof; and

Fig. 2 is a view in partial vertical cross-section through the end section of the apparatus shown in Fig. 1, parts being shown in elevation, and other parts being broken away, to illustrate the relationship thereof.

To illustrate schematically how the invention may be practised, a baling press I8 has been shown on the drawing; this press is assembled upon a base I2 which may provide a bottom 'wall for a baling chamber I4. Vertical walls -I6 cooperate with base I2 to form the chamber; the opening I8 at the top of and between walls I6 may be closed by suitable means, such as the removable cover 28. The cover is here illustrated as a heavy casting, mounted upon wheels 22.

which in turn roll upon or in tracks or grooves associated with the top faces of walls I6. Tracks or grooved guides 24 may be provided beyond walls I6 upon any suitable structure, here illustrated as framework 26, such tracks providing for carriage of the cover when it has been retracted from its position over opening I8. Y Cover 28 may be manipulated in any desired manner;

vfor instance, it may be coupled with a hydraulic cylinder 28 which, for simplicity of illustration, has been shown as compound so that, by proper control of admission of iiuld to the cylinders,

` rod 38 will be effective to drive cover 28 into piston rod 36 to which the ram may be connected,

and which in turn is connected to a piston 381 in a hydraulic cylinder 48. vCylinder 48 may be supported in any suitable manner; in this instance, it is shown as carried from framework 26. At the end of the compression stage of the operation of ram 82, it is retracted by any suitable means, as, for instance, cylinder 48 may be compounded for that purpose, or some auxiliary means, such as auxiliary cylinders of small volumetric capacity, may be utilized.

The movement of ram 32 in compressing the charge in chamber I4 may be limited in any suitable manner, as, for instance, by a stop 42 to cooperate with piston 38, so that'front face 44 of ram 32 at this limit of movement of the ram, will be substantially in the same plane as a wall 46 of an auxiliary chamber 48 opening into chamber I4. In this instance, chamber 48 is shown as formed in an extension 58 below base I2. However, whatever the position of chamber 48 relative to chamber I4, it is important to note that its relation is such that, at least for one scribed, cover 28 in no sense functions to dei-lne a wall for any compression chamber, or to absorb any compression stresses, and is thus, during such stage, free to be removed to provide access to chamber I4 for filling or for any similar purpose. In the particular form shown, wall 52 of chamber 48 takes the form substantially of an integral extension of end wall 34. Chamber 48 has its ownv bottom wall 54, which may be strengthened in any desired manner to absorb the stresses to which it will be subjected.

When ram 32 has moved intothe end position determined by stop 42, it has reduced the volume of chamber I4 to an end chamber 56, and also of the charge of material to a bale, determined by the volume between ram 32, wall 34, and the cooperating portions vof walls I6, This position, however, as seen from Fig. 1, is beyond the limit of covering movement of cover 28, and at a position where the bottom face 58 of a ram 68 now forms the top wall of the chamber. At the bottom is the drop into chamber 48 to bottom wall 54. Of course, as material has been compressed towards that end of chamber I4, some of the material will spread into chamber 48.

With ram 32 held stationary against stop 42, ram 68 vmay be moved in cooperation with walls I6 and 34, and the wall defined by face 44, and under the inuence of proper guides, in the end chamber 56, further to compress the charge already condensed by ram 32, but now in a different direction. As ram 32 remains stationary, and ram 60 moves through end chamber 56 to compress that condensed charge, the charge will rst move to ll chamber 48; then, as ram 68 continues in its movement, the charge will be further condensed until ram 60 reaches its limit of movement, as defined by a stop 62 similar to stop 42. During this compression of the charge into auxiliary chamber 48, no part of the force necessary for this compression is brought to bear upon cover 28. Ram 68 may be operated for its several movements in any desired manner; it is here shown as connected to a rod 64 which is driven by a piston within a hydraulic cylinder 66. Retraction of ram 68 may likewise be eiected in any suitablemanner; in the illustration, a crosshead 68 is fixedly associated with ram 68 as, for in.

stance, by being secured to rod 64. Another rod I8 extends from this crosshead to be operated by an auxiliary hydraulic cylinder 12, this cylinder functioning only for the retraction of ram 68.

When ram 68 reaches the limit of its movement, as defined by vstop 62, the charge has now been further compressed, and has been completely driven out of chamber I4, below the level of ram 32, and wholly within chamber 48. Since it is no longer necessary that ram 32 cooperate in any further compression of that particular charge, it may now be retracted. Cover 28 could have been removed immediately at the end of the forward compressing stroke of ram 32, and is, at this stage of retraction of ram 32, fully removed. Now a new charge ofl material may be dumped into chamber I4, even though ram 68 may be in advanced position, such new charge in no way interfering with any of the subsequent vof a ram 16 mounted to be moved through chamber 48 further to compress the partly formed bale. This ram is shown as movable under the of the subsequent stages of compression to be deaction of a rod 18 deriving its power from a hydraulic cylinder 80; a crosshead 82 and an auxiliary cylinder 84 may be provided for retracting the ram. The other wall f chamber 48 may be dened by another suitable means such as a door or gate 86, to provide for the removal of the finished bale from chamber 48 on completion of its compression.

Suitable means may be provided for sustaining gate 86 in closed position until the bale is ready for delivery. In one aspect, gate 86 may be dened as a ram 88 which may be held in position to close opening 90 in wall I6 by a piston rod 92 driven by a cylinder 94, movement of the rod being limited by a stop 96. Rams v16 and 88, and their relative pressure cylinders, are so related that the force applied to the bale by ram 88 will be less than the total force applied by ram 16. As ram 16 is made effective, its total force will not be fully developed until the bale has been compressed to a' point where its reaction to compression is great enough and is substantially equal to the total force applied by ram 88. Then, and not until then, will the bale no longer be compressed by ram i6; ram 88, no longer capable of resisting the superior force of ram 16, will move away from opening 98. The bale will move With ram 88, through opening 98, and 'nally will be ejected from chamber 48, ram 88 backing up against the pressure in its cylinder 94 for that purpose. Finally, when the bale has been moved completely outside of chamber 48, slight retraction of ram 'i6 will permit the bale to drop clear of both rams. On complete retraction of ram 16, ram 88 will follow, under the action of the, hydraulic fluid in its own cylinder 94, until stop 96 is effective to position the ram as gate 86 for chamber 48. Likewise, ram 16 will be limited in its movement to define a wall for chamber 48.

While rams 16 and 88 have completed the definition of the bale in its final form, and have delivered it from the press, a charge may have been deposited in chamber I4. Furthermore, ram 32 may have commenced condensation of such new charge, ram 6 0 forming a wall for from chamber 48, and even as ram 'I8 is being retracted, ram 69 may be retracted, during which 'operations ram 32 may bein movement to complete the initial condensation of the new charge. Finally, when ram 69 has reached the retraction limit of its movement, as dened by a suitable stop 98, ram 32 will substantially have completed its condensing action so that ram 60 may then again be made effective for its operations upon the charge.

The particular direction of movement of ram 60 is thus made unimportant as its movement has no relation to the position of cover 29. Features of importance in this connection are present lin the facts that cover 20 is not an element of the apparatus necessary for the functioning of either ram 69 or ram 16, and that cover 20 may be `re tracted immediately after ram 32 has completed its initial condensing movement.

Many other changes could be effected in the particular apparatus designed, and in the methods of operation set forth, and in specific details thereof, without substantially departing from the invention intended tovbe defined in the claims, the specic description being merely to illustrate the spirit of the invention.

What is claimed as new and useful is:

. 7 1.`In a baling press, a primary baling chamber having an open top, a movable cover for the open top, a secondary baling chamber communicating with the primary baling chamber at one end of the primary baling chamber, a ram movable in the primary baling chamber to compress a charge of material in the primary baling chamber to bring thevbulk of the charge into aligny ment with the secondary baling chamber, means the bulk of the charge into alignment with thev baling chamber,` means for i compressing the charge in the charge-receiving means into the baling chamber, and means for finally compressing the charge in the baling chamber while the charge-receiving means is accessible for refilling.

3. In a baling press, a primarybaling chamber having an open top, a cover for disposition substantially horizontally over the open top,' a secondary baling chamber communicating with the v primary baling chamber at one end of the primary balingfchamber, means to compressa charge of material in the primary baling chamber to bring the'bulk of the charge into.- alignment with the secondary baling chamber, means movable vertically to compress the charge in the primary baling chamber into the secondary baling chamber, and means for finallycompressing the charge in the secondary baling chamber.

4. In a baling press, a primary baling chamber having an open top', a cover for extension over the open top, a secondary baling chamber communicating with the primary baling chamber at one end of the primary baling chamber, means to compress a charge of material in the primary baling chamber to bring the bulk of the charge into alignment with the secondary baling chamber, and means at a position beyondthe extent of the cover for movement'/ to compress the charge in the primary baling chamber into. the secondary baling chamber.

5. In a baling press, a primary baling chamber having an open top, a cover movable over the open top, a secondary baling chamber communicating with the primary baling chamber at one end of the primary baling chamber and being so related to the primary baling chamber and the cover that the cover does not form a force-resisting wall for the secondary baling chamber, means to compress a charge of material in the primary baling chamber to bring the bulk of the charge into alignment with the secondary baling chamber, means at a position lbeyond the extent of 'the cover for movement -to compress the charge in theprimary baling chamber into the secondary baling chamber, and means for finally compressing the charge in the secondary balingchamber. 4,'

6. In a' baling press, a primary baling chamber having an open top, a cover to be brought into position over the open top, a secondary baling chamber communicating with the primary baling chamber at one end of the primary baling chamber and beingso related to the primary baling chamber and the cover that the cover does not form a force-resisting wall for the secondary baling chamber, means to compress a charge of material in the primary baling chamber to bring the bulk of the charge into alignment with the secondary baling chamber, and means at a position beyond the extent of the cover for movement to compress the charge in the primary baling chamber into the secondary baling chamber.

7. In a baling press, a primary baling chamber havingan open top, a cover movable to close the open top, a secondary baling chamber communicating with the primary baling chamber, means to compress a charge of material in the primary baling chamber to bring the bulk of the charge into alignment with the communication between the chambers, means for compressing the charge in the primary baling chamber into` the secondary baling chamber, and means movable substantially parallel to the cover for nnally compressing the charge in the secondary baling chamber.

8.v In a baling press, a primary baling chamber, a movable wall for governing access to the primary baling chamber, a secondary baling chamber communicating with the primary baling chamber, means cooperating with the movable wall to compress a charge of material in the primary baling chamber t'o bring the bulk of the charge into alignment with the secondary baling chamber, means vfor compressing the charge in the primary baling chamber into the secondary baling chamber Without bringing any pressure to bear upon the cover, and means for finally compressing the charge in the secondary baling chamber.

9. In a baling press, a baling chamber having a filling opening, means operating in the chamber to apply initial compression to a charge of material, in the chamber, means for applying secondary compression to theV initially compressed charge, and means for reducing the conipressed charge to its nal baled form, the reducing means functioning so that the chamber is accessible through the lling opening .throughout the performance of the reducing means.

10. In a baling'press, a baling chamber having a iilling opening, means operating in the chamber to apply initial compression to a charge of material in the chamber to reduce onel of the dimensions of the charge in the chamber, means for applying secondary compression to the initially compressed charge to reduce another of Vthe dimensions of the charge, and means for initial compression to a charge of material in the chamber, means operating substantially vertically for applying secondary compression to the initially compressed charge, and means for reducing the compressed charge to its final baled form While the chamber remains simultaneously 'accessible through the lling opening.

12. In a baling press, a baling chamber having a lling opening in the top thereof, a cover for the opening, meansoperating in the chamber and cooperating with the cover to apply initial compression to a charge of material in the chamber, means operating in the chamber but wholly Without the cooperation of the cover for applying secondary compression to the initially compressed charge, and means for reducing the compressed charge to its final baled form.

13. In a baling press, a baling chamber having a filling opening in the top thereof, a cover for the opening, means operating in the chamber and cooperating with the cover to apply initial compression to a charge of material in the chamber, means operating in the chamber but Wholly Without the cooperation of the cover for applying secondary compression to the initially compressed charge, and means operating wholly without the cooperation of the cover for reducing the compressed charge to its final baled form.

. BENJAMIN B. PERLBERG.

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