US2233827A - Refrigeration apparatus - Google Patents

Refrigeration apparatus Download PDF

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US2233827A
US2233827A US309600A US30960039A US2233827A US 2233827 A US2233827 A US 2233827A US 309600 A US309600 A US 309600A US 30960039 A US30960039 A US 30960039A US 2233827 A US2233827 A US 2233827A
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tubes
nozzles
spray
air
washer
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US309600A
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Samuel M Anderson
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BF Sturtevant Co
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BF Sturtevant Co
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
    • F25B39/02—Evaporators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
    • F24F3/12—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
    • F24F3/14—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F6/00—Air-humidification, e.g. cooling by humidification
    • F24F6/12—Air-humidification, e.g. cooling by humidification by forming water dispersions in the air
    • F24F6/14—Air-humidification, e.g. cooling by humidification by forming water dispersions in the air using nozzles
    • F24F2006/146—Air-humidification, e.g. cooling by humidification by forming water dispersions in the air using nozzles using pressurised water for spraying
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B5/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several evaporator circuits, e.g. for varying refrigerating capacity
    • F25B5/02—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several evaporator circuits, e.g. for varying refrigerating capacity arranged in parallel

Definitions

  • This invention relates to refrigeration apparatus and relates more particularly to air cooling evaporators.
  • air washers supplied with refrigerated water are to beprefe'rred for cooling air in air conditioning systems.
  • advantages are fective sterilizing of the air, the removal of odors, and the freshening of the air, all in addition to the air cooling and the exact control of temperature and humidity.
  • large quantities of water have been required together with large air washers and large evaporator wat chillers that most air conditioning systems,2especially air conditioning for railway passeng' r cars where space is limited, have had to forego the advantage of washed air and to use dry coil evaporators for cooling the air.
  • This invention eliminates the need for a separate evaporator water chiller and produces a small compact air washer in which evaporator tubes extend across the air stream and are sprayed with water.
  • a feature of this invention resides in providing a plurality of sets of spray nozzles, differently directed for projecting spray over a plurality of portions of the evaporator, simultaneously.
  • Another feature of the invention resides in providing upper flooding nozzles and lower spray nozzles, in advancewith respect to air flow, of the evaporators, the flooding, nozzles projecting upwardly and forwardly upon the upper. rowsof evaporator tubes and the spray nozzles projectlng water upon lower tubes.
  • Fig. l is a plan view, looking downwardly, with a portion of the cover removed, of an air washer embodying this invention
  • Fig. 2 is a sectional view of Fi 1; l
  • Fig. 3 is a sectional view along thelines 3-3 of Fig. 1; A
  • Fig. 4 is an enlarged plan view looking down along the lines 2-2 the cleaning and efair stream through the wardly upon the spray nozzle assembly of Figs. 1-3;
  • Fig. 5 is an enlarged the lines 5-5 of Fig. 4;
  • Fig. 6 is an enlarged sectional view along the 5 lines 6-6 of Fig. 4;
  • Fig. 7 is an enlarged elevation view illustrating one embodiment of an evaporator which may be used in the air washer-of Figs. l-3;
  • Fig. 8 is a sectional view along the lines 8-4 10 of Fig. '7;
  • Fig. 9 is a sectional view along the lines 9-4 of Fig. 'l; p
  • Fig. 10 is an enlarged elevation view of an alternative form of evaporator which may be 15 used instead of that 'of Figs. 7-9, and
  • Fig. 11 is a sectional view along the lines H--H of Fig. 10.
  • Figs. 1-3 inclusive illustrate a complete air conditioning system including spray header 20, flooding nozzles 2
  • the evaporator 25 includes as shown by Figs.
  • the refrigerant distributors are preferably of the type of the Morton Reissue Patent No. 20,964 and are supplied with refrigerant through the expansion valves 3
  • are arranged above the spray nozzles 22 and 23 and are adapted to project relatively coarse droplets at an upward angle as illustrated, upon the evaporator tubes.
  • the relatively large droplets are not carried by the unit, but fall downwardly by gravity into the sump of the washer.
  • the auxiliary spray nozzles 22 and 23 are arranged to project iiner droplets of water but at lowpressure onto, the front sides of the .tubes in the area missed by the spray from the flood-- ing nozzles 21, due to its angular upward projection.
  • the nozzles 22 serve the mid-area of the tubes, and the nozzles 23 serve the lower area. All nozzles cooperate to intimately contact the entire evaporator surface with spray w ater and without any of the spray being carried by the sectional view along air stream, from the unit, thus eliminating the necessity for the usual zig zag eliminators.
  • FIGs. 7-9 and 10-11 illustrate two preferred evaporav angle downwardly in a direction counter-flow to.
  • Figs. 10 and 11 provides prolonged contact by arranging the evaporator at the angle the spray from the flooding nozzles follows after turning downwardly. This provides for more complete and for longer contact between the water and the metal.
  • This embodiment- is suitable for sprayed refrigerant condensers as well as for sprayed evaporators.
  • Refrigeration apparatus comprising an,air
  • a plurality of tubes .adapted to receive .a volatile refrigerant.. extending crosswise the downstream end of said washer, a liquid supply header extending across the upstream end of said washer, a plurality of substantially horizontally aligned flooding nozzles connected to said head- 'er and being positioned tolproject spray in an upwardly extending are upon said tubes, and a plurality of spray nozzles arranged below said flooding nozzles and being connected to said header and positioned to upon said tubes.
  • Refrigeration apparatus comprising an air washer, a plurality of tubes adapted to receive a volatile refrigerant, extending crosswise the downstream end of said washer, a liquid supply. header extending "across the upstream endof said washer, a plurality of substantially horizontally aligned flooding nozzles connected tosaid project. spray directly header and being positioned to project spray in an upwardly extending are upon said tubes, a first plurality of spray nozzles arranged below saidfiooding nozzles and being connected to said header and positioned to project spray directly upon said tubes, and a second plurality of spray nozzles below said flooding nozzles and connected to said header and positioned toproject spray directly upon said tubes.
  • Refrigeration apparatus comprising an air washer, a plurality of tubes adapted to receive a volatile refrigerant, extending horizontally crosswise the downstream end of said washer, a plurality of vertical fins extending crosswise said tubes, a plurality of spray nozzles extending crosswise the upstream side of id washer and positioned to spray liquid upon aid tubes, and means forming breaks in the continuity of said fins for causing water droplets draining down same, to flow upstream.
  • Refrigeration apparatus comprising an air washer, a plurality of tubes adapted to receive a volatile refrigerant, extending horizontally crosswise the downstream and of said washer, a plurality of vertical fins extending crosswise said tubes. a plurality of flooding nozzles extendingcrosswise the upstream side of said washer and positioned to spray liquid in an upwardly extending are upon said tubes, a plurality of spray nozzles arranged below said flooding nozzles and positioned to sprayliquid directly upon said tubes, and ity of said fins for causng water droplets draining down same, to flow upstream.
  • Refrigeration apparatus comprising an air washer, a plurality of tubes adapted*to receive a volatile refrigerant, extending horizontally crosswise-the downstream end of said washer,
  • a plurality of vertical fins extending crosswise said tubes, a plurality of flooding nozzles extending crosswise the upstream side of said means forming breaks in the continuwasher and positioned to spray liquid in an upwardly extending are upon said tubes, a plurality of spray nozzles arranged below said flooding nozzles and positioned to spray liquid directly upon said tubes, and another plurality of spray nozzles below said first mentioned spray nozzles and positioned to project spray directly upon said tubes. and means forming breaks in the continuity of said fins for causing water droplets draining down same, to flow upstream.
  • Refrigeration apparatus comprising an air washer, a tube unit containing a plurality of rows of tubes adapted to receive a volatile refrigerant extending horizontally across the downstream side of said washer, and a plurality of substantially horizontally aligned flooding nozzles extending crosswise the upstream side of said washer and positioned to project spray in an upwardly extending are upon said tubes, said unit being so tilted forwardly with upper end upstream and lower end downstream that it lies in and substantially parallel to the path of the downwardly moving spray from said nozzles as positioned by the force of the air stream and the force of projection from said nozzles so as to providelonger contact between the spray dr'opietsand the surface of said unit than were stream side of said washerraplurality of substantially horizontally aligned flooding nozzles extending crosswise the upstream side of said washer and positioned to project spray in an upwardly extending arc upon'said tubes, said unit being tilted forwardly with upper end upstream and lower end downstream whereby it lies inthe path of the
  • Refrigeration apparatus comprising an air washer, a tube unit containing a plurality of rows of tubes adapted to receive a volatile refrigerant extending horizontally across the. downstream side of said washer, a plurality of substantially horizontally aligned flooding nozzles extending crosswise the upstream side of said washer and positioned to project spray in an upwardly extending are upon said tubes, said unit being tilted forwardly with upper end upstream and lower end downstream whereby it lies in the path of the downwardly moving spray from said nozzles as positioned by the force of the air stream and the force of projection from said nozzles, a plurality of spray nozzles below said flooding nozzles and positioned to project spray directly upon the tubes of said unit, and a second plurality of spray nozzles below said first mentioned spray nozzles and adapted to project spray upon the tubes of said unit.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Description

March 4, 1941. s M ANDE'RSON I 2,233,827
REFRIGERATION APPARATUS Dec. 16, 1959 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 E 3 INVENTOR.
64 44054, M bvaaexso v W QM ATTORNEY.
' March 4, 1941.
s. M. ANDERSON 2,233,827 REFRIGERATION APPARATUS I INVENT OR.
BY M 54 M. )n/0wo v ATTORNEY.
Filed Dec. 16, 1959 s Sheets-Sheet 2 March 4, 1941. s ANDERSON, 2,233,827
REFRIGERATION APPARATUS g Filed Dec. 16, 1939 :s sl eets sheet s INVENTOR. I O A \SAMUEL M A vose 'v W a. M
' ATTORNEY.
Patented Mar. 4,. 1941 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,233,827 V REFRIGERATION ArrAaA'rus Samuel M. Anderson,
Mass.
Hyde Park, Boston,
Application December 16, 1939, Serial No. 309,600 8 Claims. (Ci. 261-,-10)
This invention relates to refrigeration apparatus and relates more particularly to air cooling evaporators.
It is generally recognized that air washers supplied with refrigerated water are to beprefe'rred for cooling air in air conditioning systems. Among the advantages are fective sterilizing of the air, the removal of odors, and the freshening of the air, all in addition to the air cooling and the exact control of temperature and humidity. But, heretofore. such large quantities of water have been required together with large air washers and large evaporator wat chillers that most air conditioning systems,2especially air conditioning for railway passeng' r cars where space is limited, have had to forego the advantage of washed air and to use dry coil evaporators for cooling the air.
This invention eliminates the need for a separate evaporator water chiller and produces a small compact air washer in which evaporator tubes extend across the air stream and are sprayed with water.
A feature of this invention resides in providing a plurality of sets of spray nozzles, differently directed for projecting spray over a plurality of portions of the evaporator, simultaneously. 1
Another feature of the invention resides in providing upper flooding nozzles and lower spray nozzles, in advancewith respect to air flow, of the evaporators, the flooding, nozzles projecting upwardly and forwardly upon the upper. rowsof evaporator tubes and the spray nozzles projectlng water upon lower tubes.
- Other features of the invention reside in projecting water in relatively coarse droplets at low pressure upon evaporator tubes and-arranging the surfaces of th tubes for obtaining prolonged water to surface contacts Objects of the invention are to reduce the size of air washers and to reduce the quantity of water required therein, by utilizing improved .forms of sprayed evaporators.
The invention will now bedescribed with ref-, erence to the drawings, of which:
Fig. l is a plan view, looking downwardly, with a portion of the cover removed, of an air washer embodying this invention;
Fig. 2 is a sectional view of Fi 1; l
Fig. 3 is a sectional view along thelines 3-3 of Fig. 1; A
Fig. 4 is an enlarged plan view looking down along the lines 2-2 the cleaning and efair stream through the wardly upon the spray nozzle assembly of Figs. 1-3;
Fig. 5 is an enlarged the lines 5-5 of Fig. 4;
Fig. 6 is an enlarged sectional view along the 5 lines 6-6 of Fig. 4;
Fig. 7 is an enlarged elevation view illustrating one embodiment of an evaporator which may be used in the air washer-of Figs. l-3;
Fig. 8 is a sectional view along the lines 8-4 10 of Fig. '7;
Fig. 9 is a sectional view along the lines 9-4 of Fig. 'l; p
Fig. 10 is an enlarged elevation view of an alternative form of evaporator which may be 15 used instead of that 'of Figs. 7-9, and
Fig. 11 is a sectional view along the lines H--H of Fig. 10.
Figs. 1-3 inclusive illustrate a complete air conditioning system including spray header 20, flooding nozzles 2|, spray nozzles 22 and 23, preheater 24, evaporator 25 and reheater 28.
The evaporator 25 includes as shown by Figs.
2 and 3, nine vertical rows of finned tubes, one group of upper five rows of tubes being supplied 25 with refrigerant through the tubes 21 from the refrigerant distributor 28, and another group of the lower four rows being supplied with refrigerant through the tubes 29 from the distributor 30.
The refrigerant distributors are preferably of the type of the Morton Reissue Patent No. 20,964 and are supplied with refrigerant through the expansion valves 3|, which in turn are automat ically controlled through-the tubes 32 connected to the thermostats 33 at the suction sideof the two groups of evaporator tubes.
The flooding nozzles 2| are arranged above the spray nozzles 22 and 23 and are adapted to project relatively coarse droplets at an upward angle as illustrated, upon the evaporator tubes. The relatively large droplets are not carried by the unit, but fall downwardly by gravity into the sump of the washer.
The auxiliary spray nozzles 22 and 23 are arranged to project iiner droplets of water but at lowpressure onto, the front sides of the .tubes in the area missed by the spray from the flood-- ing nozzles 21, due to its angular upward projection. The nozzles 22 serve the mid-area of the tubes, and the nozzles 23 serve the lower area. All nozzles cooperate to intimately contact the entire evaporator surface with spray w ater and without any of the spray being carried by the sectional view along air stream, from the unit, thus eliminating the necessity for the usual zig zag eliminators.
While the placing of the flooding nozzles as described withv the cooperation of the spray nozzles provides more intimate metal to water con- .tact than has been provided in the past, Figs. 7-9 and 10-11 illustrate two preferred evaporav angle downwardly in a direction counter-flow to.
the air stream. These projections form breaks in the continuity of the fin surface and the water droplets striking them, instead of flowing straight downwardly, flow counter-flow to the air. The air slows them up, and their path is extended.
These two factors cause greatly increased time of' contact between the fins and the water and result not only in increased heat transfer but in less water required.
Three forms of breaks in the fin surface are illustrated. Any one of these forms could be used throughout or other forms such as punched dummy holes could be used for providing the increased time of contact. I
The embodiment of Figs. 10 and 11 provides prolonged contact by arranging the evaporator at the angle the spray from the flooding nozzles follows after turning downwardly. This provides for more complete and for longer contact between the water and the metal. This embodiment-is suitable for sprayed refrigerant condensers as well as for sprayed evaporators.
In a cooling unit designed for railway passenger cars, embodying this invention, it was found that only three gallons of water were required for satisfactory air washing and cooling as compared to about forty gallons previously required. The three gallons of water were recirculated ten times per minute. Not only is .far less water required than formerly, but the size of the complete unit is but a small fraction of those formerly giving equivalent performance.
While several embodiments of the invention have been described for the purpose of illustration, it should be understood that the invention is not limited to the exact apparatus and arrangen ent of apparatus illustrated as departures therefrom may be suggested by those skilled in the art without departing from the essence of the invention. a
What is claimed is:
1. Refrigeration apparatus comprising an,air
'washer, a plurality of tubes .adapted to receive .a volatile refrigerant.. extending crosswise the downstream end of said washer, a liquid supply header extending across the upstream end of said washer, a plurality of substantially horizontally aligned flooding nozzles connected to said head- 'er and being positioned tolproject spray in an upwardly extending are upon said tubes, and a plurality of spray nozzles arranged below said flooding nozzles and being connected to said header and positioned to upon said tubes.
2. Refrigeration apparatus comprising an air washer, a plurality of tubes adapted to receive a volatile refrigerant, extending crosswise the downstream end of said washer, a liquid supply. header extending "across the upstream endof said washer, a plurality of substantially horizontally aligned flooding nozzles connected tosaid project. spray directly header and being positioned to project spray in an upwardly extending are upon said tubes, a first plurality of spray nozzles arranged below saidfiooding nozzles and being connected to said header and positioned to project spray directly upon said tubes, and a second plurality of spray nozzles below said flooding nozzles and connected to said header and positioned toproject spray directly upon said tubes.
3. Refrigeration apparatus comprising an air washer, a plurality of tubes adapted to receive a volatile refrigerant, extending horizontally crosswise the downstream end of said washer, a plurality of vertical fins extending crosswise said tubes, a plurality of spray nozzles extending crosswise the upstream side of id washer and positioned to spray liquid upon aid tubes, and means forming breaks in the continuity of said fins for causing water droplets draining down same, to flow upstream.
4. Refrigeration apparatus comprising an air washer, a plurality of tubes adapted to receive a volatile refrigerant, extending horizontally crosswise the downstream and of said washer, a plurality of vertical fins extending crosswise said tubes. a plurality of flooding nozzles extendingcrosswise the upstream side of said washer and positioned to spray liquid in an upwardly extending are upon said tubes, a plurality of spray nozzles arranged below said flooding nozzles and positioned to sprayliquid directly upon said tubes, and ity of said fins for causng water droplets draining down same, to flow upstream.
5. Refrigeration apparatus comprising an air washer, a plurality of tubes adapted*to receive a volatile refrigerant, extending horizontally crosswise-the downstream end of said washer,
a plurality of vertical fins extending crosswise said tubes, a plurality of flooding nozzles extending crosswise the upstream side of said means forming breaks in the continuwasher and positioned to spray liquid in an upwardly extending are upon said tubes, a plurality of spray nozzles arranged below said flooding nozzles and positioned to spray liquid directly upon said tubes, and another plurality of spray nozzles below said first mentioned spray nozzles and positioned to project spray directly upon said tubes. and means forming breaks in the continuity of said fins for causing water droplets draining down same, to flow upstream.
6-. Refrigeration apparatus comprising an air washer, a tube unit containing a plurality of rows of tubes adapted to receive a volatile refrigerant extending horizontally across the downstream side of said washer, and a plurality of substantially horizontally aligned flooding nozzles extending crosswise the upstream side of said washer and positioned to project spray in an upwardly extending are upon said tubes, said unit being so tilted forwardly with upper end upstream and lower end downstream that it lies in and substantially parallel to the path of the downwardly moving spray from said nozzles as positioned by the force of the air stream and the force of projection from said nozzles so as to providelonger contact between the spray dr'opietsand the surface of said unit than were stream side of said washerraplurality of substantially horizontally aligned flooding nozzles extending crosswise the upstream side of said washer and positioned to project spray in an upwardly extending arc upon'said tubes, said unit being tilted forwardly with upper end upstream and lower end downstream whereby it lies inthe path of the downwardly moving spray from said nozzles as positioned by the force of the air stream and the force of projection from said nozzles, and a plurality of spray nozzles below saidfiooding nozzles and positioned to project spray directly upon the tubes of said unit.
8. Refrigeration apparatus comprising an air washer, a tube unit containing a plurality of rows of tubes adapted to receive a volatile refrigerant extending horizontally across the. downstream side of said washer, a plurality of substantially horizontally aligned flooding nozzles extending crosswise the upstream side of said washer and positioned to project spray in an upwardly extending are upon said tubes, said unit being tilted forwardly with upper end upstream and lower end downstream whereby it lies in the path of the downwardly moving spray from said nozzles as positioned by the force of the air stream and the force of projection from said nozzles, a plurality of spray nozzles below said flooding nozzles and positioned to project spray directly upon the tubes of said unit, and a second plurality of spray nozzles below said first mentioned spray nozzles and adapted to project spray upon the tubes of said unit.
SAMUEL M. ANDERSON.
US309600A 1939-12-16 1939-12-16 Refrigeration apparatus Expired - Lifetime US2233827A (en)

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