US2230628A - Wooden girder - Google Patents

Wooden girder Download PDF

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Publication number
US2230628A
US2230628A US233848A US23384838A US2230628A US 2230628 A US2230628 A US 2230628A US 233848 A US233848 A US 233848A US 23384838 A US23384838 A US 23384838A US 2230628 A US2230628 A US 2230628A
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wood
web
rectangular
girder
flanges
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Expired - Lifetime
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US233848A
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Sahlberg Wilhelm
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Christoph & Unmack AG
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Christoph & Unmack AG
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/12—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of wood, e.g. with reinforcements, with tensioning members
    • E04C3/14—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of wood, e.g. with reinforcements, with tensioning members with substantially solid, i.e. unapertured, web

Definitions

  • This invention relates to known girders of boxcross-section, T-cross-section, I-cross-section and fr-cross-section, in which the .web or webs made of thin Wood plates are united with the'flanges consisting of rectangular timber only by gluing with the aid of an articial resin binder. It'has already been proposed in the case of wooden girders to make the web or webs of ply- ⁇ wood. Girders of this kind are relatively cheap and are consequently ⁇ particularly suitable for the building trade, more particularly as the girders have the requisite strength. The endeavour greatly to increase the span of halls and other structures with the use of such wooden girders leads to the requirement considerably to increase the strength of the said girders.
  • the invention solves this technical problem by employing girders, in which the flanges are glued with their end surfaces to the side Walls of the web or of each web.
  • the anges consist in this case justas the web or webs of so-called layered wood, that is to say, plates which are built up by a large number of very thin beech-Wood veneers being superposed on one another with interposed films of articial resin or other materials and by uniting the whole pile under high pressure and temperature to form a plate. With such layered wood there will be at least ve veneers per 1 cm. of wall thickness of the plate.
  • the webs and flanges of the wooden girder consist of this layered wood.
  • each ange there is arranged onthe inside of each ange a reinforcement consisting of softwood rectangular timber. 'I'hese rectangular timbers are glued both to one another and to the fiange'and to the web with the aid of an artificial resin binder.
  • Fig. 1 shows in cross-section a box-girder according to the invention.
  • Fig. 2 shows in cross-,section an I-girder according to the invention.
  • the box-girder shown in Fig. 1 consists of the two web plates 5 and 6 andthe two flanges 8. 'I'he flanges are glued with their end surfaces to 5 y the side walls of the webs 5 and 6.
  • the webs and the' flanges consist of layered wood.
  • On the inside of each flange 8 a reinforcement is provided, which consists of three rectangular pieces 'I of wood from coniferous trees.
  • the rectangular 10 pieces of wood are united with one another, with the flange and with the web plates 5 and 6, by gluing. In all cases an articial resin binder is used and the glued places are pressed against one another during binding with a pressure of 15 about 4 atmospheres.
  • For the rectangular pieces of wood 1 wood from coniferous trees which has a maximum moisture content of 18% (calculated on the dry mass), is preferably used.
  • the arrangement is made such that the rec- 20 tangular pieces of wood 'l are only in that region, within which the stressing of the girder in crosssection lies below kg./cm.2.
  • the flange 8 consisting of layered wood is thus in azone in which the stressing of the cross-section reaches values 25 lying above 150 kg./cm.2
  • eachflange I2 consists of two halves. Each half is glued with its end surface to the side wall of the web lll. At the inside of each flanged half is provided a reinforcement consisting of two 40 pieces of rectangular wood II. IAll parts are glued at their contact surfaces with the aid of an artificial resin binder under the application of suitable pressure. 45
  • ve veneers per 1 centimeter wall thickness are at least ve veneers per 1 centimeter wall thickness, said veneers being compressed to form plates, and a reinforcement consisting of soft wood rectangular timbers arranged on the inside of the ange, the said rectangular timbers being glued both to one another and to the web and also to the -flange and extending over the entire area of the ange.
  • a wooden girder consisting of at least one web and 'two flanges iixed with their end surfaces to the side walls of the web, the web and both flanges consisting each of superposed plates of beech-wood veneers which are so thin that there I are at least nve veneers per 1 centimeter wall thickness, the veneers of the web and iianges being compressed to form plates, and reinforcements consisting of soft wood rectangular timbers arranged on the inside of each ange. the said i rectangular timbers being glued both to one another and to the web and also to the flanges and extending over the entire area of the flanges.

Description

Feb. 4, 1941. w SAHLBERG 12,230,628
WOODEN GIRDER Filed Oct. '7, 1935 Patented Feb. 4, 1941 UNITED STATES woonEN GIBDER Wilhelm Sahlberg, Niesky, Germany, assignor to Christoph & Unmack Aktiengesellschaft,
Niesky,` Germany Application October 7, 1938, Serial No. 233,848
Germany October 18, 1937 zfclaim's. (Cl. zo-as) This invention relates to known girders of boxcross-section, T-cross-section, I-cross-section and fr-cross-section, in which the .web or webs made of thin Wood plates are united with the'flanges consisting of rectangular timber only by gluing with the aid of an articial resin binder. It'has already been proposed in the case of wooden girders to make the web or webs of ply-` wood. Girders of this kind are relatively cheap and are consequently `particularly suitable for the building trade, more particularly as the girders have the requisite strength. The endeavour greatly to increase the span of halls and other structures with the use of such wooden girders leads to the requirement considerably to increase the strength of the said girders.
The invention solves this technical problem by employing girders, in which the flanges are glued with their end surfaces to the side Walls of the web or of each web. According to the invention the anges consist in this case justas the web or webs of so-called layered wood, that is to say, plates which are built up by a large number of very thin beech-Wood veneers being superposed on one another with interposed films of articial resin or other materials and by uniting the whole pile under high pressure and temperature to form a plate. With such layered wood there will be at least ve veneers per 1 cm. of wall thickness of the plate. According to the invention the webs and flanges of the wooden girder consist of this layered wood. In-addition there is arranged onthe inside of each ange a reinforcement consisting of softwood rectangular timber. 'I'hese rectangular timbers are glued both to one another and to the fiange'and to the web with the aid of an artificial resin binder.
In this way the excellent properties of layered wood (coemcient of elasticity up to-215,000 kg./ cm?) are fully utilised, without the cost of the girder exceeding the amount spent for wooden girders in the building trade. The gluing according to the invention of a reinforcement consist- V ing of cheap soft rectangular timber (pine, spruce) to the inside of each flange of the layered wood makes it possible not only to use relatively thin flanges, thus saving expensive layered wood, but also increases the relatively slight resistance of the layered wood to bulging.
In the accompanying drawing two constructional examples of the wooden girder according.
to the invention are illustrated.
Fig. 1 shows in cross-section a box-girder according to the invention.
Fig. 2 shows in cross-,section an I-girder according to the invention.
The box-girder shown in Fig. 1 consists of the two web plates 5 and 6 andthe two flanges 8. 'I'he flanges are glued with their end surfaces to 5 y the side walls of the webs 5 and 6. The webs and the' flanges consist of layered wood. On the inside of each flange 8 a reinforcement is provided, which consists of three rectangular pieces 'I of wood from coniferous trees. The rectangular 10 pieces of wood are united with one another, with the flange and with the web plates 5 and 6, by gluing. In all cases an articial resin binder is used and the glued places are pressed against one another during binding with a pressure of 15 about 4 atmospheres. For the rectangular pieces of wood 1 wood from coniferous trees, which has a maximum moisture content of 18% (calculated on the dry mass), is preferably used.
The arrangement is made such that the rec- 20 tangular pieces of wood 'l are only in that region, within which the stressing of the girder in crosssection lies below kg./cm.2. The flange 8 consisting of layered wood is thus in azone in which the stressing of the cross-section reaches values 25 lying above 150 kg./cm.2
In order to utilise the entire cross-section, the moment of inertia, the moment of resistance and the surface of the ideal' cross-section are calculated, the difference `of the building materials as 30 regards their elastic properties being. taken into account, as in the case of reinforced concrete construction, by forming the ratio of the two moduli of elasticity. Y
In the I-girder shown in Fig. 2 the web I0 con- 35 sisting of layered wood has the full height of the girder and eachflange I2 consists of two halves. Each half is glued with its end surface to the side wall of the web lll. At the inside of each flanged half is provided a reinforcement consisting of two 40 pieces of rectangular wood II. IAll parts are glued at their contact surfaces with the aid of an artificial resin binder under the application of suitable pressure. 45
In order to reinforce the web plate In two pieces of rectangular timber I3 are arranged-between the upper and lower rectangular timber reinforcement (I I) of the iange I2.
In both illustrated constructional forms the glued surfaces which connect the anges reinforced by the rectangular pieces of wood with the web or the webs are large enough to be able to transmit the shearing forces there occurring with a margin of safety of at least three times. 55
are at least ve veneers per 1 centimeter wall thickness, said veneers being compressed to form plates, and a reinforcement consisting of soft wood rectangular timbers arranged on the inside of the ange, the said rectangular timbers being glued both to one another and to the web and also to the -flange and extending over the entire area of the ange.
2. A wooden girder consisting of at least one web and 'two flanges iixed with their end surfaces to the side walls of the web, the web and both flanges consisting each of superposed plates of beech-wood veneers which are so thin that there I are at least nve veneers per 1 centimeter wall thickness, the veneers of the web and iianges being compressed to form plates, and reinforcements consisting of soft wood rectangular timbers arranged on the inside of each ange. the said i rectangular timbers being glued both to one another and to the web and also to the flanges and extending over the entire area of the flanges.
WILHELM SAHLBERG.
US233848A 1937-10-18 1938-10-07 Wooden girder Expired - Lifetime US2230628A (en)

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Cited By (35)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3079649A (en) * 1958-06-17 1963-03-05 Willatts William Henry Beams and building components
US3170198A (en) * 1960-06-22 1965-02-23 Eliot I Snider Wooden i-beam
US3308730A (en) * 1964-08-07 1967-03-14 Eugene J Vorwald Interchangeable rock and frost breaker and tamper
US3415026A (en) * 1965-10-23 1968-12-10 Kaiser Gypsum Company Inc Building of gypsum structural wall elements
US3769771A (en) * 1971-08-12 1973-11-06 M Shannon Structural truss construction with membrane coverings
US3849963A (en) * 1973-05-04 1974-11-26 H Harmon Beam construction
US4020202A (en) * 1973-07-07 1977-04-26 Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nurnberg Ag Beam and strut girder
FR2367883A1 (en) * 1976-10-12 1978-05-12 Uhalde Bernier Sa Compound plywood section for construction industry - has box or I=section and is fabricated of plywood sheets with staggered joints
US4336678A (en) * 1978-07-24 1982-06-29 Peters Dierk D I-Beam truss structure
US4346544A (en) * 1978-10-11 1982-08-31 Larssen Jens Frederik Lightweight building elements with high carrying capacity
US4413459A (en) * 1981-03-16 1983-11-08 Boise Cascade Corporation Laminated wooden structural assembly
US4446668A (en) * 1978-12-04 1984-05-08 Christ Janer Victor F Structural member suitable for use as a joist, beam, girder or the like
WO1984003319A1 (en) * 1983-02-24 1984-08-30 Rother Carole A Construction systems and elements thereof
US4615154A (en) * 1985-06-28 1986-10-07 Trus Joist Corporation Utility line transmission tower apparatus
US4638619A (en) * 1983-12-19 1987-01-27 Fischetti David C Wood I-joist and method of fabricating the same
US4677806A (en) * 1986-04-04 1987-07-07 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture Wooden building system with flange interlock and beams for use in the system
US5839233A (en) * 1995-08-10 1998-11-24 Smit; Dirk Van Zyl Louvre type roof structures
US6029419A (en) * 1997-03-27 2000-02-29 Kimura; Kazuyoshi Structural laminated wood and construction members for framework structures of buildings
US6202789B1 (en) * 1995-10-31 2001-03-20 Joseph Honein Composite scaffolding plank including natural wooden and laminated wooden boards and method of forming same
US6318499B1 (en) * 1995-10-31 2001-11-20 Joseph Honein Composite scaffolding plank including natural wooden and laminated wooden boards and methods of forming same
WO2002090684A1 (en) * 2001-05-03 2002-11-14 Doka Industrie Gmbh Formwork support
US20030209318A1 (en) * 2002-05-09 2003-11-13 Henthorn John R. Method for manufacturing fabricated OSB studs
US6772572B2 (en) * 2002-05-09 2004-08-10 Riley Beloit Corporation Fabricated OSB stud
US6844040B2 (en) 2002-10-01 2005-01-18 Arunas Antanas Pabedinskas Reinforced composite structural members
US20070283661A1 (en) * 2006-06-09 2007-12-13 Josiah Daniels Engineered structural board
US20090255213A1 (en) * 2008-04-11 2009-10-15 Innovida Holdings, Inc. Sandwich panel with closed edge and methods of fabricating
US20090282777A1 (en) * 2008-05-13 2009-11-19 Innovida Factories, Ltd. Angle joint for sandwich panels and method of fabricating same
US20090307995A1 (en) * 2008-06-13 2009-12-17 Innovida Factories, Ltd. Roof construction joints made of sandwich panels
US20090320387A1 (en) * 2008-06-27 2009-12-31 Innovida Factories, Ltd. Sandwich panel ground anchor and ground preparation for sandwich panel structures
US20100005732A1 (en) * 2008-07-10 2010-01-14 Innovida Holdings, Inc. Building roof structure having a round corner
US20100050553A1 (en) * 2008-08-29 2010-03-04 Innovida Factories, Ltd. sandwich panel joint and method of joining sandwich panels
US20100050549A1 (en) * 2008-08-29 2010-03-04 Innovida Factories, Ltd. Joint of parallel sandwich panels
CN102888812A (en) * 2012-10-26 2013-01-23 长安大学 Wood and concrete combined type box beam
US8561373B1 (en) * 2009-07-25 2013-10-22 Bamcore LLC Bamboo I-beam with laminated web and flanges
US8875475B2 (en) * 2013-03-14 2014-11-04 Millport Associates S.A. Multiple panel beams and methods

Cited By (38)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3079649A (en) * 1958-06-17 1963-03-05 Willatts William Henry Beams and building components
US3170198A (en) * 1960-06-22 1965-02-23 Eliot I Snider Wooden i-beam
US3308730A (en) * 1964-08-07 1967-03-14 Eugene J Vorwald Interchangeable rock and frost breaker and tamper
US3415026A (en) * 1965-10-23 1968-12-10 Kaiser Gypsum Company Inc Building of gypsum structural wall elements
US3769771A (en) * 1971-08-12 1973-11-06 M Shannon Structural truss construction with membrane coverings
US3849963A (en) * 1973-05-04 1974-11-26 H Harmon Beam construction
US4020202A (en) * 1973-07-07 1977-04-26 Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nurnberg Ag Beam and strut girder
FR2367883A1 (en) * 1976-10-12 1978-05-12 Uhalde Bernier Sa Compound plywood section for construction industry - has box or I=section and is fabricated of plywood sheets with staggered joints
US4336678A (en) * 1978-07-24 1982-06-29 Peters Dierk D I-Beam truss structure
US4346544A (en) * 1978-10-11 1982-08-31 Larssen Jens Frederik Lightweight building elements with high carrying capacity
US4446668A (en) * 1978-12-04 1984-05-08 Christ Janer Victor F Structural member suitable for use as a joist, beam, girder or the like
US4413459A (en) * 1981-03-16 1983-11-08 Boise Cascade Corporation Laminated wooden structural assembly
WO1984003319A1 (en) * 1983-02-24 1984-08-30 Rother Carole A Construction systems and elements thereof
US4638619A (en) * 1983-12-19 1987-01-27 Fischetti David C Wood I-joist and method of fabricating the same
US4615154A (en) * 1985-06-28 1986-10-07 Trus Joist Corporation Utility line transmission tower apparatus
US4677806A (en) * 1986-04-04 1987-07-07 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture Wooden building system with flange interlock and beams for use in the system
US5839233A (en) * 1995-08-10 1998-11-24 Smit; Dirk Van Zyl Louvre type roof structures
US6202789B1 (en) * 1995-10-31 2001-03-20 Joseph Honein Composite scaffolding plank including natural wooden and laminated wooden boards and method of forming same
US6318499B1 (en) * 1995-10-31 2001-11-20 Joseph Honein Composite scaffolding plank including natural wooden and laminated wooden boards and methods of forming same
US6029419A (en) * 1997-03-27 2000-02-29 Kimura; Kazuyoshi Structural laminated wood and construction members for framework structures of buildings
WO2002090684A1 (en) * 2001-05-03 2002-11-14 Doka Industrie Gmbh Formwork support
US20030209318A1 (en) * 2002-05-09 2003-11-13 Henthorn John R. Method for manufacturing fabricated OSB studs
US6772572B2 (en) * 2002-05-09 2004-08-10 Riley Beloit Corporation Fabricated OSB stud
US6844040B2 (en) 2002-10-01 2005-01-18 Arunas Antanas Pabedinskas Reinforced composite structural members
US20070283661A1 (en) * 2006-06-09 2007-12-13 Josiah Daniels Engineered structural board
US20090255213A1 (en) * 2008-04-11 2009-10-15 Innovida Holdings, Inc. Sandwich panel with closed edge and methods of fabricating
US20090282777A1 (en) * 2008-05-13 2009-11-19 Innovida Factories, Ltd. Angle joint for sandwich panels and method of fabricating same
US20090307995A1 (en) * 2008-06-13 2009-12-17 Innovida Factories, Ltd. Roof construction joints made of sandwich panels
US20090320387A1 (en) * 2008-06-27 2009-12-31 Innovida Factories, Ltd. Sandwich panel ground anchor and ground preparation for sandwich panel structures
US8733033B2 (en) 2008-06-27 2014-05-27 Millport Associates, SA Sandwich panel ground anchor and ground preparation for sandwich panel structures
US20100005732A1 (en) * 2008-07-10 2010-01-14 Innovida Holdings, Inc. Building roof structure having a round corner
US8782991B2 (en) 2008-07-10 2014-07-22 Millport Associates S.A. Building roof structure having a round corner
US20100050553A1 (en) * 2008-08-29 2010-03-04 Innovida Factories, Ltd. sandwich panel joint and method of joining sandwich panels
US20100050549A1 (en) * 2008-08-29 2010-03-04 Innovida Factories, Ltd. Joint of parallel sandwich panels
US8561373B1 (en) * 2009-07-25 2013-10-22 Bamcore LLC Bamboo I-beam with laminated web and flanges
CN102888812A (en) * 2012-10-26 2013-01-23 长安大学 Wood and concrete combined type box beam
CN102888812B (en) * 2012-10-26 2014-07-09 长安大学 Wood and concrete combined type box beam
US8875475B2 (en) * 2013-03-14 2014-11-04 Millport Associates S.A. Multiple panel beams and methods

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