US2229669A - Method of making nipples for pipe unions for coupling sections of pipes - Google Patents

Description

Jain. 28, 1941. Q w. QREMUS 2,229,669

METHOD OF MAKING NIPPLES FOR PIPE UNIONS FOR COUPLING SECTIO Ns oF PIPEs Filed sept. 18, 1939 3 sheets-sheet 1 "I'. :S51-f; Aix.: L :Il j wat ZUM BYDWY@ ATTORNEY Jan. 28,A 1941. G. w. oREMusv Filed Sept. 18, 1939 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 ATTORNEYS 1m28, 1941; G. w. @REMUS 2,229,669

METHOD OF MAKING NIPPLES FOR PIPE UNIONS FOR COUPLING SECTIONS 0F f-IPES Filed sept, 18. 1939 v s sheets-sheet s INVENTOR Wam zo.

ATTORN EYS t. a. isi

UNITE METHOD oF MAKING NIPPLES Fon Preis UNIoNs Fon COUPLING SECTIONS or PIPES This invention-relates: to a method of making male and female nipples' for pipe unions or couplings.

Heretofore two different forms of metal tubular blanks were cast from whichk male and female connecting nipples for pipe unions were subsequently made, each male blank beingprovided on its front end with a projection and each female member being provided on its front end with a recess adapted to receive the projection of the companion male member. When casting such blanks one match plate wasv employed having patterns on one side for producing mold cavities in the drag of the molding ask in which were cast the bodies of nipples and the sprues connecting therewith and patterns on its opposite side for producing mold cavities in the cope in which the male ends I`for the respective nipple were cast; and another match plate was employed having'patterns on one side for producing mold cavities in the drag in which were cast the bodies of the nipples and the sprues connecting therewith and patterns on its opposite side for'producing mold cavities in the copein which the female ends for the last mentioned bodies were cast.

When producing the mold cavities in the ask in this manner, the metal runway was formed in the opposing parts of thev sand of the drag and cope so that the molten metal entered the mold cavities on the peripheral side thereof adjacent to the upper end thereof. I

This method of producing these tubular nipple blanks has beenfound unsatisfactory not only on account of the undue expense involved in making the same in this manner but also on account of the limited number of such castings which can be produced in a molding flask at any one time, also the expense of grinding oi the ns or burrs which are\left on the outer side of the blanks,

` also the necessity of sorting, selecting and counting the two kinds of nipples preparatory to machining themv to produce complementary male and female members for each union or coupling and also the excessive number of defective castings which are produced due to the frequent misalinement of the drag and cope of the iias'k before the metal is poured so that a large number of castings must be rejected and remelted as scrap.

It is the object of thisinvention to provide a method of casting tubular blanks for male and female members of pipe unions in which the above mentioned objections are. eliminated and these castings can be produced at\lower cost, also 'to permit of casting a larger number of tubular blanks within a given size of ask, also to avoid the production of defective cast tubular blanks due to misalinement between the drag and cope of the 4 flask, and also to cause the metal to be pouredinto the mold cavities from the upper orA front ends of the same so that the formation of fins or burrs at the side of the castings is avoided but instead causes these fins or burrs to be formed on the front end of the castings where they are removed during the operation of machining the front ends of these castings for converting them either into male or female union members. also to make the cast blanks of uniform shape so that the same blanks can be converted into either male or female members ofa union, also to avoid the necessity of sorting or counting these blanks according to whether they shall be used for making male or female nipples, and also to avoid the expense of any separate grinding operation for removing any fins or burrs from the sides of the'20 cast blanks.

In the accompanying drawings:

Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section of a complete pipe union orfcoupling of which the male and female tubular connecting nipples may be made in accordance with this invention.v

Fig. 2 is a cross section taken on line 2 2, Fig. 1.

Fig'. 3 is a topvplan View of the drag of a molding'flask showing a plurality of nipple blanks cast therein in accordance with this invention.

Fig. 4 is a vertical cross section of the same taken on 'line 4 4, Fig. 2 and showing the cast blanks within the drag, but the cope removed.

Fig. 5 is a vertical longitudinal section of the same taken on line 5 5, Fig. 2 and showing the cope assembled with the drag of the flask.

' Fig. 6 is a vertical section showing the drag of the ask in full lines and the cope thereof in i the drag and cope and provided on one of its opposite sides with the -article pattern for a plurality of tubular blanks projecting intothe drag" and on its opposteside with the sprue pattern projecting into the cope in accordance with this invention. l Fig. 7 is a fragmentary sectional elevation of an old .type match plate in which the pattern for the body portion of the article to be cast and the sprue connecting therewith are arranged on one side of the match plate and project into the drag while the opposite side of the match plate is pro-'- vided with a pattern which projects into the cope for forming male ends on these cavities in accordance with the method heretofore in use.'

Fig. 8 is a similar view showing the match plate provided Y on its opposite sides with patterns whereby body cavities and female end cavities are produced in the drag and cope of the ask for casting female union blanks in accordance yvith the method heretofore in use.

Fig. 9 is a fragmentary vertical section of a. molding flask showing the manner in which defective tubular nipples are cast by the use of the patterns shown in'Fig. 7.

Fig. 10 is a fragmentary plan view of the drag and the castings therein shown in Fig. 9.

Fig. 11 is a'longitudinal section showing the superior form of vcast tubular nipple blank made v in accordance with this invention.

Fig. 12 is a similar view oi. a defective .union nipple made in accordance with the methods heretofore in use.-

Fig. '13 is a plan view of the"nipple shown `Lin Fig. 12.

In the following description similar characters of reference indicate like parts in the several iiglures of the drawings:

Figs. 1 and 2 illustrate a pipe union or' coupling which is of the type now in common use for dtachably'connecting the opposing ends of two sections of piping and which,4 embodies nip- 'ples made in accordance with the present invention. As there shown the numeral 20 represents the male tubular nipple which is adapted tobe connected at its rear or outer end by means of an internal screw thread 2l -or otherwise with one pipe section which is to be coupled and provided at its inner end or face with an`annu1ar male bead or projection 22 and with an external shoulder or collar 23.

`The numeral'24 represents a similar tubular nipple which is adapted to be connected at its outer or rear end by means of an internal screw thread 25 or otherwise with another section of the piping which is to be coupled and provided 49 at its inner or front face with a female socket vor annular recess 26 adapted to be engaged by the projection or bead 22 on the companion male nipple. The front peripheral part of this female nipple is provided with an external screw thread 21 which is of larger4 diameter than the collar 23 of the male nipple;

The .numeral 28 representsa coupling. sleeve surrounding the opposing ends'of the male and female nipples and provided at one end with an 5o inwardly projecting annular bearing-flange 25 vwhich engages with the collar 23 of the male nipple while the opposite end of the same is provided with an internal screw lthread 30 engaging with the screw thread 21Vof the female nipple.

Upon tightening this coupling sleeve 28, the male these tubular blanks, as yshown in Figs. Y4, 5, and

05 identical in'. construction. A plurality of such blanks are preferably produced of cast metal by' pouring molten metal into a plurality of cavities which are formed in the opposing parts of the drag 36 and cope 4l of a molding flask. Each of 11, comprises a cylindrical or tubular body 3l which is provided on its front part with an external annular collar 32 having a frontend face 33 which-is arranged in a plane at right angles to the axis of this body.

eral mold cavities.

The bodies 34 of the mold cavities for the casting of these tubular body blanks or articles are formed in the sand 35 in the drag 36 of the molding iiask by means of a plurality of body or article patterns 31-which are arranged on one side of a match plate or pattern plate 38. These molding cavities are formed in this sand of the drag in the usual and well known manner of producing molding cavities of this character with the exception that the article patterns 31 vfor the nipple bodies 3l are arranged wholly on one side of the match plate and the latter engages with the upper edge of the drag of the flask and the upper or front end of each pattern 31 terminates ush with the top of the drag so the body patterns project into the drag', as shown in Fig. 6.

On its opposite'side the match plate or pattern plate 38 is provided with a sprue pattern 44 which is adapted to be embedded in the mold-i ing sand 40 contained within the drag 4| of the molding flask for the purpose of forming therein the conduits, runners, or sprueways 42 through which the molten metal is conducted tothe sev- After the impression of the article pattern and the sprueway pattern have been produced in the respective opposing parts of the sand in the ask 'the match plate is removedy and the drag and cope are reassembled so that the face of the sand in the cope extends over the upper orfront ends of the mold cavities in the drag and completes the .same and the metal conduits or sprueways in the cope communicate with the several mold cavities. It is, of course,

understood that the s and in the cope is provided y with a usual sprue inlet or passage 43 through' which the molten metal is introduced into the iiask preparatory to-distributing 'the same by means of the runners or conduits 42 to the several mold cavities, and that a sprue stem 49 is left in' this sprue inlet when the casting operation has been completed and forms part of the scrap metal to be remelted.

These metal conduits or sprueways only communicate with the upper or front ends of the several mold cavities in the drag so that when the casting is completed the hardenedvsprue metal connects with theI several tubular blanks only on the front ends or faces thereof, as shown at I9 in Fig. 5. VDue to this manner of pouring ythe metal into the front transverse ends of the mold cavities, the fin or burr formed on the cast tubular blanks upon breaking off the sprue or waste metal from theseA blanks will only be left on the front transverse ends of the same, as indicated at 4511i Fig. 11.

After these cast blanks are removed from the molding flask they are broken from the cast 'sprue 39 which connects them and as the blanks are of identical shape no special care is required to sort.. count or select them as would be necessary if the blanks were of different form and had to be matched for use as male or femaleiunion nipples in accordance with the method heretofore in use.

After the nipple blanks have been thus cast of uniform shape the same can be converted .either into finished male blanks each of which vhas a projection 22 at the front end thereof, or

into female blanks each of which has a socket or recess 26 at its front endthese different formations on the front ends of the male and female nipples being produced by machining or finish-l ing apparatus offwell known construction. l During the operation for finishing or machinremoved by these saine machining and finishing operations. It will therefore be evident that no separate operation is required for removing these ns or burrs from the tubular nipple blanks by grinding, hipping or otherwise and that the cost of such a separate operation is therefore wholly eliminated.

Owing to the formation of the mold cavities between the drag and cope of the molding flask so that the metal is poured into each mold cavity at the front face threofit is possible to form a larger number of mold cavities in the same sim of flask than has been possible in the method heretofore used for casting a plurality o f union nipples. Heretofore the metal for producing the nipple blanks was poured into the mold cavities on the peripheral side thereof adjacent tothe front ends of these and 10, where the sprue 48 is connected with the tubular nipple blank 41 at the side thereof so that upon breaking this nipple from the sprue a iin 48 is left which projects laterally from the side of the cast tubular blank, as shown in Figs.

- 12 and 13. .When fins are left on the sides of members of the the tubular blanks in this manner a separate operation, such a-s grinding, is required to remove these ns from the blanks in addition to the operation of machining the front ends of the blanks for converting them either into male or female nipples. f 'By constructing the tubular blanks all of the same form so that they can be converted into either male or female union nipples the front end of the cast blank can be left-perfectly flat and on a plane at right angles to the axis of the nipple. thereby enabling the entire body of the nipple blanks to be cast wholly in the drag of che ask and not only simplify the construction of the pattern but also facilitate the assemblage of the ask and insure the production cf perfect cast blanks at all times.

When producing cast metal male and female nipple blanks which differ in shape at the front faces or ends thereof it has been the, practice heretofore to provide separate pattern plates for the main part or body of the nipple blanks and for the differences in the end formation thereof. For example, as shown in Fig. 8, the pattern or match plate 50 is provided on one side with patterns 5l for producing the bodies of the nipple blanks while its opposite side is provided with pattern formations 52 for producing female recesses or sockets in the respective fnipple blanks, while the pattern 53, shown in Figli, is provided on one side' with patterns 54 for producing the bodies of these nipples and the other side thereof is provided with pattern formations for producing the projection or annular bead B2 on the male member or nipple of the union. It is therefore apparent that by forming the entire pattern of the nipple to be cast on one side of the match plate and the pattern formation' for the conduit runners or sprueways for the metal on the opposite side thereof that one of these match plates with the appropriate pattern formation thereon will-serve for casting both male and female union nipples, thereby saving the expense' of one of the match plates heretofore employed for the formation of two kinds of nipple blanks for completing a union.

cavities, as shown inl Figs. i)A

When vforming a part of each mold cavity in i which produces the male projection 52 on the 41 would be slightly offset y front end of each blank from that part of the mold cavity ranged in the drag. When of the drag end cope occurs and the end face portion 52 of the same will be eccentric relative to each other, as shown at 56 in Figs. 9, 12 and 13, and therefore necessitate discarding these 'castings as being defective and which is arsuch rignisplacement not only reducing the output of good castings but also incurring the additional expense of recasting these defective blanksA as scrap metal. Such misalinement of the two parts of each mold cavity is liable to occur unless the molder exercises greatcare in assembling the two parts of the molding flask and it is practically unavoidable when the cooperating guide pins and eyes of the two sections of the molding flask become worn from use.

. In the present invention it is immaterial whether the drag and cope are in exact alinement inasmuch as the entire body of each mold cavity in which the metal blank is cast is wholly in the drag portion of the fiask and only the metal Fig. 9, the upper' the body portion 41 conduit, sprueway, or' runner which supplies the metal to the mold cavities is formed in the colle v When supplying the molten metal to the mold cavities .at the sides of the mold cavities, as shown in the old type of mold in Fig. 9, whereby fewer mold cavities of a given size can be formed in a `given ask, as compared with the present improvement in which a largernumber of mold cavities can be formed in the same area because the location of the metal runway in -the cope and the feeding of the metal into the upper ends of the mold cavities permits the latter to be placed closer together and there.- fore enables more castings given size of flask, thereby materially reducing the cost of manufacture. This increase in the number of castings which can be produced Aaccording to the present invention will be apparent by a comparison of Figs. 3, 4 and 5 showing the large number of castings which can be produced in a ask by u sing the present improved method, and Figs. 9 and 10 showing the small number of castings produced in a ask by the methods heretofore employed.

It` willbe obvious from the foregoing that considerable saving is effected by the use of this invention due to the elimination of separate grinding of fins or burrs from the cast blanks in order to complete the same as nipples for use in unions, and that only one-half the usual number of match plates are required because one match plate is used for making one kind of blanks instead of using separate match plates for making male and female blanks. The formation of the the latter it is necessary to place the metal runways inthe drag between` to be produced in a yfor determining whether the blanks of uniform shape in accordance with this invention also avoids the necessity of exercising care in producing the requisite number of male or female blanks and counting or sorting them required number of pairs of these blanks have been made. Moreover, the production of scrap metal due to defective castings is virtually eliminatedinasmuch as it is impossible to produce defective castings by misalining the two parts of the molding ilask, thereby obtaining a greater yield of perfect castings from a certain amount of metal than has been possible heretofore and reducing the cost of manufacturing articles of this character accordingly.

I claim as my invention:

The hereindescribed method of producing cooperating male and female nipples for pipe unions which consists in preparing a mold for casting nipple blanks of identical form and in Uwhich the mold cavities for the sides and rear ends of the nipples are formed wholly in the drag of the mold, and only the front ends of the mold cavities and the metal pouring sprueways are formed in the cope of the mold; pouring molten metal through the sprueways in said cope and into the mold cavities of the drag and producing nipple castings of identical form, each of which has a n only 'on its front ends of some of said castings and removing the fins therefrom and forming the front ends of the respective castings into female faces; and

machining the front ends of others of said nipple castings and removing the ins therefrom 'and forming the front ends of these last mentioned castings into male faces which are adapted to t the complementary female faces of the companion nipple castings.

GORDON W. OREMUS.

front end; machining the

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