Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M1/00—Liquid compositions essentially based on mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils; Their use as lubricants
  • C10M1/08—Liquid compositions essentially based on mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils; Their use as lubricants with additives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
  • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
  • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
  • C10M2223/042—Metal salts thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/135—Steam engines or turbines

Definitions

• This invention relates to a lubricating oil, and particularly to a motor oil adapted for lubrication of the bearings and cylinders of internal combustion engines, such as automotive engines, airplane engines, Diesel engines, andthe like.
• varnish or lacquer formation This varnish generally appears as a yellowish or reddish brown film which deposits upon the metal surfaces, including the piston rings and skirt, and cylinder wall during operation of the engine over extended periods of time.
• the building up of this varnish film increases the frictional resistance to the reciprocation of the pistons, thereby raising fuel consumption and reducing power output; and this deposit may become so severe as to frequently result in seizure of the pistons when the motor is stopped and allowed to cool.
• this invention to provide such a lubricating oil in which the additive is of such character as not objectionably to affect, but even to improve, other desirable properties and tests of the motor oil, particularly stability in storage and service, resistance to oxidation and sludge formation, demulsibility, reduction in oil ring and compression groove deposits with prevention of ring sticking and reduction in piston and cylinder wear.
• a mineral lubricating 55 oil of the motor oil type such as a modern highly solvent refined lubricating oil
• aiicyclic phosphite compounds it is understood that this means the phosphitev estersoi that group of cyclic organic compounds derived from the corresponding acyclic compounds, such as the cycloparaflins or the formula CGHII, in which the alicyclic radical is substituted for one or more of the hydrogens of phosphorous acid giving the corresponding mono-, dior tri-phosphite.
• the mono-, dior tri-alkyl substituted cyclohexyl phosphite compounds are included, such as those containing the corresponding substituted radicals oi methyl-cyclohexane, 1,1-di-methyl-cyclohexane, 1,2- dimethyl cyclohexane, 1,3-dimethyl cyclohexane, 1,4-dimethyl cyclohexane, ethyl cyclohexane, 1,2-methyl ethyl cyclohexane, normal propyl-cyclohexane, 1,3,S-trImethyI-cyclohexane, 1,3,4 trimethyl cyclohexane, 1,3,5 dimethyl ethyl-cyclohexane, 1,4-mcthyl lsopropyl cyclo lid hexane, and the like.
• phosphite compounds containing the aryl or aralkyl substituted cyclohexyl radical or radicals are contemplated, including those in which one or more of the hydrogens of a substituted cyclohexyl radical or radicals is substituted by phenyl, tolyl, xylyl and the like.
• the phosphorus trichloride was added dropwise to the mix of cyclohexanol, pyridine and benzene, with adequate stirring while the temperature was held at about 23-50 F'. After complete addition of the phosphorus trichloride, the mixture was allowed to warm up to room temperature, then heated to boiling and refluxed for about two hours. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was washed with cold water until the wash water gave no acid test to litmus. The mixture was then dried over anhydrous sodium or calcium sulfate, the remaining pyridine, benzene and unreacted cyclohexanol removed by distillation under vacuum, and the desired product was obtained by vacuum distillation, passing over at approximately 329-347 F.
• the material was an oily liquid soluble in lubricating oil and insoluble in water. From constituent analysis and particularly phosphorus content, the said material was primarily tri-cyclohexyl phosphite mixed with a minor proportion of di-cyclohexyl phosphite in the ratio of approximately 80-90% of the triester to 20-10% of the dl-ester.
• the additive is added to the mineral lubricating oil in a proportion of about 0.01-2.0% by weight, and preferably of the order of 0.25-0.5% by weight.
• the material dissolves readily in the lubricating oil at room temperature with agitation, but its solution may be facilitated by heating the oil mildly. It apparently forms a stable solution which is not subject to separation, precipitation or sedimentation in storage or under service conditions, and is not volatilized or lost in service conditions normally encountered in crankcase lubrication.
• the strip and bearing are cleaned by washing in solvent (a mixture of equal parts of denatured ethyl alcohol, toluol, and ethyl acetate), dried and weighed.
• solvent a mixture of equal parts of denatured ethyl alcohol, toluol, and ethyl acetate
• the copper strip and. bearing are then immersed in the oil to be tested in a box or trough equipped with pump recirculation for continuously circulating the oil over the bearing and strip, the apparatus having previously been carefully cleaned.
• the recirculating oil is heated to a temperature of about 325 F. and maintained at this temperature during the period of test of fifteen hours.
• a small proportion of the order of 0.01% of iron oxide added as iron naphthenate is added to the oil undergoing the test in order to catalyze the oxidation and bearing corrosion, and to more closely simulate the conditions encountered in crankcase lubrication where the oil is in contact with iron.
• a sample of the oil undergoing test is withdrawn at five-hour intervals, and likewise the bearing and copper strip are removed at fivehour intervals, carefully cleaned and weighed and again re-immersed in the oil bath.
• the copper strip is removed, soaked for about ten minutes in precipitation naphtha to remove adhering oil, dried and weighed. The increase in weight is recorded as weight of varnish accumulation.
• the test bearing is likewise removed, carefully cleaned with solvent which is effective to remove both oil and the varnish film, dried and weighed, and the loss in weight is recorded as bearing weight loss.
• the samples of oil from the two intermediate five-hour periods and from the end of the run are tested for Saybolt-Universal viscosity at 130 F., neutralization number, Conradson carbon residue, material insoluble in A. S. T. M. precipitation naphtha (expressed in mg. per ten grams of oil), and chloroform-soluble portion of the naphtha-insoluble residue (expressed in mg. per ten grams of oil).
• the above test is run first with the blank oil, then with the same blank oil containing the desired proportion of the additive, and a final run is again made with the blank oil.
• the results of the two blank runs may be averaged or may be reported separately in comparison with the results of the compounded oil.
• the alicyclic phosphites of the present invention can be added to high grade typical motor oils without objectionably aifecting desirable properties or tests of these oils as illustrated in the following table, setting forth tests on a furfural-refined dewaxed Mid-Continent distillate lubricating oil of s. an. 30 grade in comparison with the same oil containing 0.25% cyclohexyl phosphite:
• compounded oils of the present invention also meet the Navy Emulsion Test, as determined by the United States Government test No. 320.12 as found on pages 76 et seq. oi appendix 6 "Lubrlcants and liquid fuels" issued by the Navy Department August 1, 1928, with specifications set forth on page 7 of Naval Engineering Bulletin 31 "Lubricating on” published by the United States Government Printing Ofllce in 1937. Briefly, these specifications require that an emulsion of lubricating oil having a Saybolt-Universal viscosity at 210 F. in excess or fifty-five seconds with water at 180 F. or with a 1% NaCl solution at 180 F. shall break in The following tests indicate the effectiveness of less than sixty minutes.
• the compounds of the present invention are found to possess the unusual and unexpected property of combining in one material the ability to inhibit bearing corrosion, varnish deposit and oxidation of a lubrieating oil in which they are used, and to do this in a greatly superior manner.
• a method of lubricating bearing surfaces of 50 an internal combustion engine which comprises aaaasaa maintaining between the bearing surfaces, at least one of which contains a metal selected from the group consisting of cadmium, silver, copper, lead and nickel, a film of a mineral lubricating oil within the motor oil viscosity range which produces an effective lubricating action but which would normally tend to corrode the said bearing surfaces, and maintaining the effectiveness of said lubricating oil film while materially inhibiting the 'corrosiveness of the same to said bearing surfaces by incorporating in the said lubricating oil about 0.01-2.0% by weight of an inhibiting material which consists primarily of a tri-alicyclic ester of phosphorous acid'in which the alicyclic radicals are selected from the group consisting of cyclohexyl and alkyl, aryl and aralkyl substituted cyclohexyl.
• a motor oil for lubricating the bearings and cylinders of an internal combustion engine comprising a mineral lubricating oil within the motor oil viscosity range containing about 0.01-2.0% by weight of a bearing corrosion inhibiting material which consists primarily of a tri-alicyclic ester of phosphorous acid in which the alicyclic radicals are selected from the group consisting of cyclohexyl and alkyl, aryl and aralkyl substituted cyclohexyl.
• An improved lubricating oil comprising a mineral lubricating oil containing about 0.01- 2.0% of an additive which consists primarily of a tri-alicyclic ester of phosphorous acid in which the alicyclic radicals are selected from the group consisting of cyclohexyl and alkyl, aryl and arallryl substituted cyclohexyl.

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Lubricants (AREA)

Priority Applications (4)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=22996581

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (4)

Cited By (5)

Families Citing this family (1)

• 1939
  • 1939-03-16 US US262198A patent/US2226543A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1940
  • 1940-02-15 GB GB2930/40A patent/GB547286A/en not_active Expired
  • 1940-03-06 FR FR863699D patent/FR863699A/fr not_active Expired
  • 1940-03-11 BE BE438276D patent/BE438276A/xx unknown

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