US2219471A - Valve seat insert - Google Patents

Valve seat insert Download PDF

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Publication number
US2219471A
US2219471A US277465A US27746539A US2219471A US 2219471 A US2219471 A US 2219471A US 277465 A US277465 A US 277465A US 27746539 A US27746539 A US 27746539A US 2219471 A US2219471 A US 2219471A
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Prior art keywords
liner
metal
insert
faucet
tube
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Expired - Lifetime
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US277465A
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John M Davis
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K1/00—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces
    • F16K1/32—Details
    • F16K1/34—Cutting-off parts, e.g. valve members, seats
    • F16K1/42—Valve seats
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S164/00—Metal founding
    • Y10S164/02—Bearing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/6851—With casing, support, protector or static constructional installations
    • Y10T137/7036—Jacketed

Definitions

  • This invention relates principally to a construction of a valve seat insert for water faucets or other types of valves in which theinsert is made of stainless steel or equivalent material cast in die casting metal during the procedure of die casting the faucet.
  • One of the characteristics of my invention resides informing a liner in which the stainless steel insert is f'lrst die cast into this liner and thus is held in a desired position, such insert being tubular with a radial annular flange, the flange becoming embedded in the die cast metal of the liner and thus leaving an exposed edge in the cylindrical center of the liner to form the seat for the valve plug.
  • a further characteristic of the liner construction is forming this with a tubular branch by which the liner is supported by a brass or similar tube, then the liner assembly with the tube is die cast into the body metal of the faucet.
  • a further characteristic of the completed faucet includes the embedded brass tube with the liner having the insert, the liner being formed of the same metal as the body of the faucet, that'is, the die cast metal, both the liner and the body fuse together in the subsequent die casting.
  • the brass tube however does not fuse with the main body of the die cast metal but is so held in position that there is substantially no movement and the expansion and contraction of the brass and the die cast metal being substantially equal, there is no mechanical separation.
  • the brass tube In the finished faucet the brass tube is drilled to form an outlet for water, the inlet being at the valve.
  • the seat is finished on its edge and being of stainless steel and thus non-corrodable, the seat has an extraordinary long life. As the die cast metal and the brass tube also are non-corrodable with the usual water services, the faucet as a whole may be kept in service for a long period of time.
  • Fig. l is a plan taken in the direction of the 4IS arrow I of Fig. 2 of a double faucet with a swivel discharge pipe, a portion being partly broken away to illustrate the insert seat and adjacent n portions.
  • Fig. 2 is a side elevation taken in the direction IU of the arrow 2 of Fig. 1 omitting the swivel discharge pipe and showing a portion in a vertical longitudinal section.
  • Fig. 3 is a vertical section through an insert liner valve seat and a die cast lining forming the 15 mounting for such seat.
  • valve seat inserts designated by the numeral II, note Fig. 3, made of metal known as stainless steel or the equivalent.
  • 20 A characteristic of this seat is that it has a neck I2, an outwardly projecting diametrical flange I3.
  • the neck is cylindrical on the inside surface I4 and is illustrated as slightly tapered on its outside surface I5, there being a slightly rounded corner 25 I6 at the outside junction of the lower surface of the flange I3 and the cylindrical inside surface I4.
  • the neck terminates in an annular seat surface Il which after the casting is completed, is given the desired tooling to provide the desired ,30 smooth surface.
  • I die castthe seat in a liner 20 which is characterized as having a cylindrical wall 2
  • the flange is thus gripped by the base 22 and the Wall structure 2 I.
  • Such wall is cylindrical on its inside surface as indicated at 23.
  • a spigot-like end 24 is die cast in the same operation forming the liner.
  • This is provided with a cylindrical outside surface 25 terminating in a shoulder 26, there being a central and slightly tapered opening 2l extending from the end 28 to the cylindrical surface 23 of the wall 45 2
  • This is preferably made of a straight 55 brass tube 36 having its end 31 fit over the cylindrical portion 25 of the spigot-like end piece of the insert assembly 20.
  • a liner such as 20 with the insert case therein is mounted on the opposite end of the tube 36. There is merely a tight friction fit of the pipe and the surface 25, the shoulder 26 contacting the end of the pipe and providing a limit to the overlap of the pipe and the spigot-like structure.
  • the next procedure is to die cast the covering and casing metal designated by the assembly numeral 4l).
  • the valve portions of the casting 4l embed the liner with the valve seat insert mounted therein, the liner being indicated in dotted lines in Figs. 1 and 2.
  • chamber 42 in the lower portionof the valve to receive the water from the tubular intake boss 43 to which is attached the water supply pipe 44, the pipe being fitted in any suitable manner.
  • the die casting also provides a covering metal 45 which embeds the brass tube 36 and this metal merges With the die cast metal 4l of the valve.
  • the covering and casing die metal hence embeds the liner assembly 20 including the brass tube assembly 35 of which one end is fitted over the end 25 of the liner.
  • the die cast faucet thus has provision for attachment and fitting of the valve plug assembly 50, this being connected to the valve portions 4l and to the outlet pipe assembly 5
  • the liner assembly 20 on all surfaces contacted by the second die cast metal becomes welded or fused therewith so that there is no exact separation line between the liner and the remaining portion of the die cast metal.
  • the stainless steel valve seat may be considered as an insert not merely in the liner element 20 but in the faucet.
  • the brass tube however is not Welded or fused to the die cast metal, however it is retained immovable therein and on account of the expansion and contraction of the brass tube and the die cast metal being substantially equal, there is no tendency to separate.
  • the brass tube adds decidedly to the strength of the faucet allowing the cast portion and the parts adjacent thereto to be quite thin, producing a slender appearance to such part of the faucet.
  • a valve seat of a stainless steel type characterized by a neck with a Seat on one end and an outward extending flange on the opposite end, a liner of die casting type of metal embedding a portion of said flange only and with a base supporting the ange, said liner having a peripheral wall with a first opening therethrough concentric with the neck and spaced from the neck and a spigot extending laterally from said wall having an outer surface to fit inside a supporting tube and a second opening leading directly from one side of said first opening.
  • a faucet comprising a liner of die casting type of metal having a valve seat insert of stainless steel characterized by a neck with a seat at one end and an outwardly extending flange on the opposite end, a portion of the flange only being embedded in the metal of the liner, said liner having a base supporting the flange, a peripheral Wall with a first opening therethrough concentric with said neck and spaced therefrom, a spigot extending laterally from said wall, the spigot having a second opening leading directly from one side of said first opening, a smooth surface on the outside of said spigot, a tube of a brass type having a slip t on said surface and a covering body of the same type of die casting metal as the liner, embedding said tube and fused to the uncovered outside of said liner there being a third opening in the covering metal leading to the said rst opening below the insert and base of the liner, said tube forming a core for part of said covering metal,

Description

0t.29, 1940. y Moms 2,219,471A
VALVE SEAT INSERT Filed June 5. 1959 Patented Oct. 29, 1940 UNITED STATES PATENT GFFICE VALVE SEAT INSERT John M. Davis, Los Angeles, Calif.
Application June 5, 1939, Serial N0. 277,465
2 Claims.
This invention relates principally to a construction of a valve seat insert for water faucets or other types of valves in which theinsert is made of stainless steel or equivalent material cast in die casting metal during the procedure of die casting the faucet.
One of the characteristics of my invention resides informing a liner in which the stainless steel insert is f'lrst die cast into this liner and thus is held in a desired position, such insert being tubular with a radial annular flange, the flange becoming embedded in the die cast metal of the liner and thus leaving an exposed edge in the cylindrical center of the liner to form the seat for the valve plug. A further characteristic of the liner construction is forming this with a tubular branch by which the liner is supported by a brass or similar tube, then the liner assembly with the tube is die cast into the body metal of the faucet. By such construction using the brass tube which forms a support for the liner and thus of the valve seat insert, such liner and the insert is held rigid in the proper position of the die casting mold to be properly incorporated in the main body of metal forming the casting.
A further characteristic of the completed faucet includes the embedded brass tube with the liner having the insert, the liner being formed of the same metal as the body of the faucet, that'is, the die cast metal, both the liner and the body fuse together in the subsequent die casting. The brass tube however does not fuse with the main body of the die cast metal but is so held in position that there is substantially no movement and the expansion and contraction of the brass and the die cast metal being substantially equal, there is no mechanical separation. An advantage of providing the brass or similar tube as a support for the liner is that this construction permits a very thin wall of the die cast metal to be cast around the tube as the brass tube practically gives the main portion of the necessary strength to the faucet. Therefore by this construction there is not only an economy in the die cast metal but a pleasing appearance can be produced in the finished article, this having the characteristics of slenderness for the arm of the faucet leading to the valve.
In the finished faucet the brass tube is drilled to form an outlet for water, the inlet being at the valve. The seat is finished on its edge and being of stainless steel and thus non-corrodable, the seat has an extraordinary long life. As the die cast metal and the brass tube also are non-corrodable with the usual water services, the faucet as a whole may be kept in service for a long period of time.
My invention is illustrated in connection with the accompanying drawing, in which:
Fig. l is a plan taken in the direction of the 4IS arrow I of Fig. 2 of a double faucet with a swivel discharge pipe, a portion being partly broken away to illustrate the insert seat and adjacent n portions.
Fig. 2 is a side elevation taken in the direction IU of the arrow 2 of Fig. 1 omitting the swivel discharge pipe and showing a portion in a vertical longitudinal section.
Fig. 3 is a vertical section through an insert liner valve seat and a die cast lining forming the 15 mounting for such seat.
In the construction of my invention, one of the main purposes is to utilize valve seat inserts designated by the numeral II, note Fig. 3, made of metal known as stainless steel or the equivalent. 20 A characteristic of this seat is that it has a neck I2, an outwardly projecting diametrical flange I3. The neck is cylindrical on the inside surface I4 and is illustrated as slightly tapered on its outside surface I5, there being a slightly rounded corner 25 I6 at the outside junction of the lower surface of the flange I3 and the cylindrical inside surface I4. The neck terminates in an annular seat surface Il which after the casting is completed, is given the desired tooling to provide the desired ,30 smooth surface.
In order to insert such stainless steel valve seat in a faucet, I die castthe seat in a liner 20 which is characterized as having a cylindrical wall 2| with the die cast metal on the base 22 extending 35 to the line of the cylinder I4 and causing a filling at the slightly rounded corner I6. The flange is thus gripped by the base 22 and the Wall structure 2 I. Such wall is cylindrical on its inside surface as indicated at 23. A spigot-like end 24 is die cast in the same operation forming the liner. This is provided with a cylindrical outside surface 25 terminating in a shoulder 26, there being a central and slightly tapered opening 2l extending from the end 28 to the cylindrical surface 23 of the wall 45 2|. This forms the discharge for Water after passing through the opening of the valve seat insert. In the die casting operation there are a plurality of recesses 29 formed in the base 22 by pins which retain the insert in proper position in 50 the casting die while the liner of cast metal is cast around the insert to retain this in place.
In a single or double faucet construction I utilize a supporting tube assembly 35, note Figs.
1 and 2. This is preferably made of a straight 55 brass tube 36 having its end 31 fit over the cylindrical portion 25 of the spigot-like end piece of the insert assembly 20. For a double faucet, a liner such as 20 with the insert case therein is mounted on the opposite end of the tube 36. There is merely a tight friction fit of the pipe and the surface 25, the shoulder 26 contacting the end of the pipe and providing a limit to the overlap of the pipe and the spigot-like structure.
The next procedure is to die cast the covering and casing metal designated by the assembly numeral 4l). The valve portions of the casting 4l embed the liner with the valve seat insert mounted therein, the liner being indicated in dotted lines in Figs. 1 and 2. chamber 42 in the lower portionof the valve to receive the water from the tubular intake boss 43 to which is attached the water supply pipe 44, the pipe being fitted in any suitable manner. The die casting also provides a covering metal 45 which embeds the brass tube 36 and this metal merges With the die cast metal 4l of the valve. The covering and casing die metal hence embeds the liner assembly 20 including the brass tube assembly 35 of which one end is fitted over the end 25 of the liner. Manifestly as the insert valve seat H is attached to the liner 20, this is thus retained in the desired position in the valve construction. In the particular type of double faucet illustrated there is a short vertical outlet tube 46 with perforations 41 for the iiow ,of water. This is cylindrical on its inside surface. A hole or opening 48 is drilled through the brass tube 36 preferably of the same diameter as that of the inside of the vertical outlet tube 46.
The die cast faucet thus has provision for attachment and fitting of the valve plug assembly 50, this being connected to the valve portions 4l and to the outlet pipe assembly 5| which is swivelly mounted cin the Vertical outlet tube 46.
In this type of construction as is Well known in die casting, .the liner assembly 20 on all surfaces contacted by the second die cast metal becomes welded or fused therewith so that there is no exact separation line between the liner and the remaining portion of the die cast metal. The result of this is that the stainless steel valve seat may be considered as an insert not merely in the liner element 20 but in the faucet This provides al construction including the remainder of the die cast metal. The brass tube however is not Welded or fused to the die cast metal, however it is retained immovable therein and on account of the expansion and contraction of the brass tube and the die cast metal being substantially equal, there is no tendency to separate. The brass tube adds decidedly to the strength of the faucet allowing the cast portion and the parts adjacent thereto to be quite thin, producing a slender appearance to such part of the faucet.
Various changes may be made in the details of the construction without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
I claim:
1. In a faucet a valve seat of a stainless steel type characterized by a neck with a Seat on one end and an outward extending flange on the opposite end, a liner of die casting type of metal embedding a portion of said flange only and with a base supporting the ange, said liner having a peripheral wall with a first opening therethrough concentric with the neck and spaced from the neck and a spigot extending laterally from said wall having an outer surface to fit inside a supporting tube and a second opening leading directly from one side of said first opening.
2. A faucet comprising a liner of die casting type of metal having a valve seat insert of stainless steel characterized by a neck with a seat at one end and an outwardly extending flange on the opposite end, a portion of the flange only being embedded in the metal of the liner, said liner having a base supporting the flange, a peripheral Wall with a first opening therethrough concentric with said neck and spaced therefrom, a spigot extending laterally from said wall, the spigot having a second opening leading directly from one side of said first opening, a smooth surface on the outside of said spigot, a tube of a brass type having a slip t on said surface and a covering body of the same type of die casting metal as the liner, embedding said tube and fused to the uncovered outside of said liner there being a third opening in the covering metal leading to the said rst opening below the insert and base of the liner, said tube forming a core for part of said covering metal,
JOHN M. DAVIS.
US277465A 1939-06-05 1939-06-05 Valve seat insert Expired - Lifetime US2219471A (en)

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Cited By (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2458914A (en) * 1943-07-30 1949-01-11 Davis Marinsky Slider and method of construction the same
US2462291A (en) * 1944-05-03 1949-02-22 Frederick E Sette Valve
US2795844A (en) * 1954-04-21 1957-06-18 Jacobs Co F L Method of making a hollow article
US3098270A (en) * 1961-04-18 1963-07-23 Nat Lead Co Die casting method and article
US3118225A (en) * 1964-01-21 Method of casting
US3998240A (en) * 1975-06-13 1976-12-21 Liautaud James P Injection-molded faucet assembly
US5579823A (en) * 1994-04-11 1996-12-03 Moen Incorporated Method of casting a permanent core plumbing product
US20030062088A1 (en) * 2001-10-02 2003-04-03 Frank Perla Water delivery device and method of forming same
US20080178954A1 (en) * 2007-01-31 2008-07-31 Masco Corporation Of Indiana Spout tip attachment
US7406980B2 (en) * 2005-08-29 2008-08-05 Masco Corporation Of Indiana Waterway connection
US7415991B2 (en) 2005-12-20 2008-08-26 Masco Corporation Of Indiana Faucet spout with water isolating couplings
US20090041962A1 (en) * 2007-08-08 2009-02-12 Grohe Ag Composite casting process
US7748409B2 (en) 2007-01-31 2010-07-06 Masco Corporation Of Indiana Overmold interface for fluid carrying system
US7766043B2 (en) 2006-05-26 2010-08-03 Masco Corporation Of Indiana Faucet including a molded waterway assembly
US7806141B2 (en) 2007-01-31 2010-10-05 Masco Corporation Of Indiana Mixing valve including a molded waterway assembly
US8104512B2 (en) 2008-09-25 2012-01-31 Masco Corporation Of Indiana Spout tip retention method
CN103388697A (en) * 2012-05-10 2013-11-13 Hdo压力铸造和表面技术有限公司 Diecast part, and method for the production of a diecast part
US8695625B2 (en) 2008-06-25 2014-04-15 Masco Corporation Of Indiana Centerset faucet with mountable spout
US8739826B2 (en) 2011-03-11 2014-06-03 Masco Corporation Of Indiana Centerset faucet body and method of making same
US20140338777A1 (en) * 2013-05-17 2014-11-20 Moen Incorporated Fluid dispensing apparatus and method of manufacture
US8931500B2 (en) 2012-02-17 2015-01-13 Masco Corporation Of Indiana Two handle centerset faucet
US8991425B2 (en) 2006-05-26 2015-03-31 Delta Faucet Company Waterway assembly including an overmolded support plate
US9151397B2 (en) 2008-04-10 2015-10-06 Delta Faucet Company Molded waterway for a two handle faucet
US20170306595A1 (en) * 2016-04-26 2017-10-26 Kohler Co. Composite Faucet Body and Internal Waterway
US20230323974A1 (en) * 2022-04-11 2023-10-12 Fisher Controls International Llc Valve bodies having wear resistant inner cores

Cited By (48)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3118225A (en) * 1964-01-21 Method of casting
US2458914A (en) * 1943-07-30 1949-01-11 Davis Marinsky Slider and method of construction the same
US2462291A (en) * 1944-05-03 1949-02-22 Frederick E Sette Valve
US2795844A (en) * 1954-04-21 1957-06-18 Jacobs Co F L Method of making a hollow article
US3098270A (en) * 1961-04-18 1963-07-23 Nat Lead Co Die casting method and article
US3998240A (en) * 1975-06-13 1976-12-21 Liautaud James P Injection-molded faucet assembly
US5579823A (en) * 1994-04-11 1996-12-03 Moen Incorporated Method of casting a permanent core plumbing product
US20030062088A1 (en) * 2001-10-02 2003-04-03 Frank Perla Water delivery device and method of forming same
US6817379B2 (en) * 2001-10-02 2004-11-16 Frank Perla Water delivery device and method of forming same
US7793677B2 (en) 2005-08-29 2010-09-14 Masco Corporation Of Indiana Waterway connection
US7406980B2 (en) * 2005-08-29 2008-08-05 Masco Corporation Of Indiana Waterway connection
US20080289709A1 (en) * 2005-08-29 2008-11-27 Thomas Pinette Waterway connection
US8464748B2 (en) 2005-08-29 2013-06-18 Masco Corporation Of Indiana Waterway connection
US7415991B2 (en) 2005-12-20 2008-08-26 Masco Corporation Of Indiana Faucet spout with water isolating couplings
US7992590B2 (en) 2005-12-20 2011-08-09 Masco Corporation Of Indiana Faucet spout with water isolating couplings
US9951880B2 (en) 2006-05-26 2018-04-24 Delta Faucet Company Faucet including a molded waterway assembly
US7766043B2 (en) 2006-05-26 2010-08-03 Masco Corporation Of Indiana Faucet including a molded waterway assembly
US8365770B2 (en) 2006-05-26 2013-02-05 Masco Corporation Of Indiana Faucet including a molded waterway assembly
US8985146B2 (en) 2006-05-26 2015-03-24 Delta Faucet Company Faucet including a molded waterway assembly
US7819137B2 (en) 2006-05-26 2010-10-26 Masco Corporation Of Indiana Valve mounting assembly
US8991425B2 (en) 2006-05-26 2015-03-31 Delta Faucet Company Waterway assembly including an overmolded support plate
US8469056B2 (en) 2007-01-31 2013-06-25 Masco Corporation Of Indiana Mixing valve including a molded waterway assembly
US7806141B2 (en) 2007-01-31 2010-10-05 Masco Corporation Of Indiana Mixing valve including a molded waterway assembly
US7748409B2 (en) 2007-01-31 2010-07-06 Masco Corporation Of Indiana Overmold interface for fluid carrying system
US20080178954A1 (en) * 2007-01-31 2008-07-31 Masco Corporation Of Indiana Spout tip attachment
US7717133B2 (en) 2007-01-31 2010-05-18 Masco Corporation Of Indiana Spout tip attachment
US20090041962A1 (en) * 2007-08-08 2009-02-12 Grohe Ag Composite casting process
US9151397B2 (en) 2008-04-10 2015-10-06 Delta Faucet Company Molded waterway for a two handle faucet
US8695625B2 (en) 2008-06-25 2014-04-15 Masco Corporation Of Indiana Centerset faucet with mountable spout
US8590572B2 (en) 2008-09-25 2013-11-26 Masco Corporation Of Indiana Spout tip retention method
US8104512B2 (en) 2008-09-25 2012-01-31 Masco Corporation Of Indiana Spout tip retention method
US8739826B2 (en) 2011-03-11 2014-06-03 Masco Corporation Of Indiana Centerset faucet body and method of making same
US9403304B2 (en) 2011-03-11 2016-08-02 Delta Faucet Company Centerset faucet body and method of making same
US8931500B2 (en) 2012-02-17 2015-01-13 Masco Corporation Of Indiana Two handle centerset faucet
EP2662163A3 (en) * 2012-05-10 2016-06-15 HDO -Druckguss- und Oberflächentechnik GmbH Die cast component and method for producing die cast components
US10046385B2 (en) 2012-05-10 2018-08-14 HDO Druckguss-und Oberflaechentechnik GmbH Die cast component and a method for producing a die cast component
CN103386468B (en) * 2012-05-10 2016-03-23 Hdo压力铸造和表面技术有限公司 Die casting assembly and the method for the production of die casting assembly
CN103388697B (en) * 2012-05-10 2016-05-18 Hdo压力铸造和表面技术有限公司 Die casting assembly and for the production of the method for die casting assembly
WO2013167210A1 (en) * 2012-05-10 2013-11-14 HDO Druckguss- und Oberflächentechnik GmbH Diecast part, and method for the production of a diecast part
EP2662164A3 (en) * 2012-05-10 2016-06-15 HDO -Druckguss- und Oberflächentechnik GmbH Die cast component and method for producing die cast components
CN103386468A (en) * 2012-05-10 2013-11-13 Hdo压力铸造和表面技术有限公司 Diecast part and method for producing same
CN103388697A (en) * 2012-05-10 2013-11-13 Hdo压力铸造和表面技术有限公司 Diecast part, and method for the production of a diecast part
US9573191B2 (en) * 2013-05-17 2017-02-21 Moen Incorporated Fluid dispensing apparatus and method of manufacture
US20140338777A1 (en) * 2013-05-17 2014-11-20 Moen Incorporated Fluid dispensing apparatus and method of manufacture
US20170306595A1 (en) * 2016-04-26 2017-10-26 Kohler Co. Composite Faucet Body and Internal Waterway
US10711442B2 (en) * 2016-04-26 2020-07-14 Kohler Co. Composite faucet body and internal waterway
US11408158B2 (en) 2016-04-26 2022-08-09 Kohler Co. Composite faucet body and internal waterway
US20230323974A1 (en) * 2022-04-11 2023-10-12 Fisher Controls International Llc Valve bodies having wear resistant inner cores

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