US2214495A - Furnace - Google Patents

Description

Sept. l0, l94.

A. YA'rl-:s 2,214,495

FURNAc Filed Dec. 7, 1936 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 @www V Sept. lo, 1940. A` F, YATES 2,214,495

FURNACE Filed Dec. 7. 1936 3 shuts-sheet 2 3x1/vento@ Patented Sept. 10, 1940 UNITED STATES Parent v orties i FURNACE Alton F. Yates, salt Lake city, Utah Application December 7, 1936, Serial No. 114,662

9 Claims.

My invention relates to furnaces and stokers and has for its object to provide a new and eiiicient furnace and stoker combination which will employ new methods of burning and completely utilizing all of the heat B. t. u.s in the fuel.

A further object is to provide' a new furnace in which the Stoker feed is built directly into the furnace as a unitary part thereof and which stoker will be simple and highly emcient.

10 A still further object is to provide a stoker re pot for furnaces which will provide both primary and secondary air for the burning fuel, thereby more completely burning the fuel and at the same time providing preheated secondary air so that when the air is introduced into the combusttion chamber it will be heated ready for combustion so that no waste will occur in bringing this air up to temperature and no chilling of the primary combustion will occur but which preheated air willbe in a more combustible condition than normally had it not been preheated.

A still further object is to provide a construction which will retard and tend to check the fly ash causing it to drop down rather than ascend into the heating chamber.

A still further object is to provide a device for preheating, both the primary and secondary air or either one separately, as desired, and at the same time provide an improved manner of introducing the primary and secondary air into the combustion chamber.

A still further object is to provide a device for introducing primary and secondary air into the combustion chamber which will have a tendency to cool the retort, to cause a turbulence in the combustion chamber, getting a better mixture of gases and thereforera better combustion and a better method of controlling the air supply.

These objects I v accomplish with the device illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which similar numerals and letters of reference indicate like parts throughout the several views and as described in the specification forming a part of this application and pointed out in the appended claims.

In the drawings: v

Figure 1 is a plan view of the stoker fire pot.

Figure 2 is a side elevation of Figure 1, parts shown in dottedk lines and parts cut away.

Figure 3 is a vertical diametrical section of the entire furnace combustion chamber and air heating compartment.

Figure 4 is a section on line 4-4 of Figure 3.

In the drawings I have shown my combustion chamber as A, my stoker as B, and my fire pot as C. The shell of the furnace is shown only as D and is not shown in detail, the shape and conformation of the shell being made as desired.

The stoker is of any particular worm feed type and the feed pipe 5 is set up from the base or '5 floor on legs 6. The wormv shown only in dotted lines 'l feeds the fuelV from the hopper to the re pot 9 on the end of the feed pipe 5. The re pot 9 is conical in form with the are upward and d outward and onto the top of this fire pot I pro- 10 vide the air heating and distributing chamber E. This chamber is so made that both primary and secondary air is introduced into the combustion chamberA withinthe distributing chambers I0 v. and II and the furnace castings I2 and I3. 15

The lower primary air chamber I0 is formed with a conical tuyre face I3 having the same angle of a cone as the fire pot 9 with tuyre openings I5 through the face I4 to distribute air into the feeding coal as the primary air. The .20 tuyre openings I5 are formed through the face I4 with a downward pitch or angle to force the air downwardly into the upwardly feeding coal.

The top of the face I4 joins onto a flat surface I6 which extends out sulicient distance to make a .25 clinkerspace I1 and then is formed into a cylindrical vertical wall I8.l This portion of the combustion chamber and the inner wall of the main air chamber E.

Around the top end of the wall I8 I provide the `30 secondary air jets or ports 2U which ports are introduced through the wall I8 at an angle and with a downward pitch so that the air entering through these ports is given a vortex or revolving action as well asa downward force which causes .35

`or completes combustion within the combustion chamber. v

The air chamber E is made perfectly cylindrical with an outside wall 2l concentric with the inner wall I8 and thev bottom closed as at 22 .40 and the top closed as at 23. An air inlet conduit 24 is provided in one side of the entire chamber tangential thereto to introduce air under pressure from a source not Shown. The entire air chamber El is then divided into two distinct and 45 separate chambers one to direct air down to the primary tuyre openings I5 and the other to direct air up to the secondary ports 20. This is done by placing a dividing baiile plate 25 medially of the conduit 24 to divide the air into two 50 air streamers. The first baille 25 divides the air and is formed in a spiral, descending on a small slope with the bottom ofthe conduit formed into a like shaped descending spiral baffle 26 ending .at 21, directing the downward or primary air 55 through the space between the two baflies into the lower distributing chamber I0. The air entering above the baiiie 25 is reversed at the completion of one convolution said air passing around the end 29 of an upper spiral baffle 23 which is a continuation of the top of the conduit 24 and as the air is forced around the end 29 of the baille 28 it is reversed in its direction and forced upwardly into the distributing chamber Il and thence out through the ports 20, thus providing the secondary air supply for the combustion chamber A. Onto the top of the air chamber E a cylindrical casting F is mounted and above this a top casting G is secured onto the top of the casting F, with the cap I-I of the furnace on top of the casting G to complete the entire combustion chamber of the furnace.

A fire door 30 is formed in one side of the Casting F to allow for removal of the clinkers from the rire pot and for easy access to the interior of the furnace.

A small gas outlet pipe P is formed in one side of the cap to draw off gases from the furnace when no firing is taking place. This small gas outlet is provided to prevent trapping of gases in the furnace when the Stoker is off and carries the gases formed in the furnace to the flue pipe as a safety outlet for such gases. The cap I-I is formed to t the top of the casting G and has each side formed into extended conduits 32 and 33 with the ends of the conduits turned down to join air heating chambers or radiators 34 and 35 which extend down each side of the furnace. These radiators are made with the ends at and the inner and-outer faces 36 and 31 have concave grooves staggered in relation one to the other to provide greater heat radiating areas. This is also made in this form to break up any stratification of gases and create eddy currents for greater heat transfer.

The bottom of the radiators 34 and 35 are joined to collecting conduits 38 and 39 to carry off the consumed gases to the flue pipe 40, only the end of which is shown in Figure 3 of the drawings.

Having thus described my invention I desire to secure by Letters Patent and claim:

l. In a furnace the combination of a fire pot; an air heating chamber mounted over said re potforming part of a combustion chamber for the furnace said air heating chamber having an inwardly extended lower end with the inner face formed to coincide with the re pot and form the upper end thereof and having tuyre openings into the re pot from the heating chamber; and other openings into the combustion chamber from the heating chamber to provide secondary air for combustion of the fuel.

2. In a furnace the combination of `a re pot mounted at the base of a furnace; an air heating chamber mounted over said re pot forming part of a combustion chamber; a spiral baille to divide said air heating chamber into two compartments, one compartment leading into the lower end thereof and the other to the top end thereof; ports to distribute the air from the chamber into the combustion chamber; cylindrical furnace casings mounted thereover; and a cap mounted onto the top of said casings.

3. In a device of the class described the combination of a fire pot; an annular hollow combustion walled chamber mounted over said fire pot forming a cylindrical combustion chamber within the area inside the inner wall; means to introduce primary air from the annular hollow walled portion of said chamber into said fire pot in the lower portion of the combustion chamber; and means to introduce secondary air from the annular hollow walled portion of said combustion chamber near the upper end thereof above and toward the burning fuel to complete combustion of the fuel and retard ily ash in the 'combustion chamber.

4. In a furnace, the combination of a fire pot through which coal is fed; and a vertical walled air chamber formed annular and having hollow interior, said chamber being mounted over said re pot; means to introduce air under forced Idraft into said chamber; and a baiiie in said chamber dividing the air into two separate streams one being directed downwardly to introduce air to the fuel as it is being forced from the top of said iire pot for primary air, and the other stream to be directed upwardly to discharge air into the interior of the chamber above the fuelY level for secondary air.

5. In a furnace, the combination of a fire pot through which fuel is fed; an annular vertical walled air chamber mounted concentrically thereover having spiral bailies therein to divide the air to introduce preheated primary air to the fuel passing up through the fire pot through the lower portion of said chamber and to introduce secondary preheated air into the burning fuel through discharge ports in the upper portion of said chamber for more complete combustion of the fuel and means to introduce air under forced draft into said Vertical walled chamber.

6. In a furnace, the combination of a lire pot through which fuel is fed; an annular hollow vertical walled concentric air Ychamber mounted above and over said re pot having an air inlet leading tangentially into one side thereof spiral bafiies in said air chamber to divide the air into two air streams one air stream to direct primary air concentrically downwardlyV around the interior of said chamber and dischargeit from ports adjacent the discharge of the fuel from the fire pot and the other air stream to direct air concentrically upwardly around the interior of said chamber and 'discharge it from ports through the top of said chamber into the interior of the air chamber for secondary air.

'7. In a furnace, the combination of a cyindrical fuel feed tub-e through which fuel may be fed by the conventionalscrew method with the inner end of the tube formed into an inverted frustum of a cone, making part of a fire pot; a cylindrical hollow vertical walled air chamber mounted on top of said fire pot with the bottom end of said chamber partially closed and formed into an inverted frustum of a cone continuing the line of flare of the cone to -a flat top within the interior of the air chamber; an air inlet conduit leading into said air chamber from one side thereof tuyre openings through 'the sides of the cone in the bottom of the air chamber; other ports through the inside of the top edge of the air chamber; spiral baiiles in said air chamber to divide the air into two streams one to rise around the chamber to discharge through the upper ports and the other air stream to be deflected downwardly around the chamber to pass out through the tuyre openings providing preheated primary air through the tuyre openings and preheated secondary air through the upper ports. l

8. In a device of the class described, the combination of a preheating chamber comprising a vertical walled annular chamber having the lower enact end formed partially closed by an inwardly extended air chamber with the inner wall of the said chamber formed as an inverted frustum, and a re pot mounted under said chamber with the inner wall of the fuel opening in alignment with the inverted frustum and also formed as an inverted frustum to feed fuel up through the i'lre pot and inwardly extended air chamber for combustion; primary air ports through the slanting walls of the inwardly extended air chamber through which preheated air is introduced to provide combustion air for the fuel; an air inlet into one side of said vertical walled chamber tangentially thereto with the top and bottom walls of the air inlet extended inwardly and slanting downwardly in spaced apart spiral bales to form air directing baffles with the top one terminating before it makes a .complete circle so that air entering the chamber will be directed down by the upper wall and around the end reversing its direction before reaching the top wall of the preheating chamber; a baille mounted medially of the air inlet to direct air downwardly around the preheating chamber to preheat the air and introduce it to the fuel through the primary air ports; and secondary ports through the inner wall of the vertical walled chamber, said ports being directed inwardy at an angle, to the radii of the chamber, said last mentioned ports to introduce the air for completing combustion after it has been preheated by passing it around the top Wall of the air inlet.

9. In a device of the class described, the combination of a cylindrical feed pipe; a conical lire pot connected with the open end of said feed pipe through which fuel is fed; an annular hollow walled vertical chamber for preheating combustion air mounted concentrically with said lire pot and A'spaced thereabove with the bottom end of said chamber formed with a horizontal area and with the central portion formed in a conical form diverging from the conical re pot forming the upper portion through which thefuel is fed; tuyre openings through the conical portion of said annular hollow walled chamber to introduce primary air; an inlet into said hollowver- 'tical walled chamber; a baille mounted medially of said inlet dividing the entering air into two streams; another baille in the upper portion of said hollow walled chamber forming the top of the upper inlet for reversing the direction of flow of the upper strata of air to retard its motion and cause it to remain in the hollow walled heating chamber a longer period of time causing the air to become hotter; and ports through the inner face of the upper end of the hollow walled chamber to direct preheated secondary air into the area withinthe hollow walled chamber, the primary air being preheated as it follows the first mentioned baille down to the level of the tuyre openings.

ALTON F. YA'IES.

Images