US2213966A

US2213966A - Detachable snow runner for skates

Info

Publication number: US2213966A
Application number: US157088A
Authority: US
Inventors: Nygaard Oscar
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1937-08-03
Filing date: 1937-08-03
Publication date: 1940-09-10
Anticipated expiration: 1957-09-10

Description

S p -10.1940. o. NYGAARD 2,213,966

DETACHABLE SNOW RUNNER FOR SKATES Filed Aug. 5, 1937 s Sheelzs-Sheet 1 Sept. 10, 1940. O NYGAARD 2,213,966

DETACHABLE SNOW RUNNER FOR SKATES Filed Aug. 3, 1937 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Sept. 10, 1940. o. NYGAARD 2,213,966

DETACHABLE SNOW RUNNER FOR SKATES Filed Aug. 3, 19.37 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Patented Sept. 10, 1940 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE DETACHABLE snow RUNNER FOR SKATES Oscar Nygaard, Saugus,Mass. ApplicatidnA'ugiist 3, 1937; Serial No. 1571088 26 Claims.

This invention relates'to skates and more particularly to' runners or'blad es detachably secured to ice skates; In most localities skating can be indulged in only at short intervals during the winter'nionths' as a very smooth ice surface is required. when" the surface becomes roughened throug'li's'riow' or rain or covered with only a thin nyer or snow; the narrcw blade of the ice skate will cut through the crust and make skating pract ically impossible. y

In View of the' healthy eziercise obtained through skating, which is Verybe'neficial in building'lip'th body and physicalwell being" especially or childrenandi growin youths, it is" highly desiia bl'e' w provide skates which will permit the en oyment or this healthy sport prac'n'c n'y at ny time throughout the whole winter. To end special skates: provided With comparatively wid'e' runners or blades have been made for some time past for skating on rough ice or hardpaclied' Show suiih as usually had in the streets and on the sidewalks, but such skates have; newevennot becomevery' opular and in extensive use d'uto their excessive weight, clu'iiisiness; and

hig'hcost. Weresuch skates to'be made'of equal 1y good quality materials; and shoes attached as now ordinarily used ice skates, thecost' Would be's'o'high' that only a comparatively few youngsteis coul'd' afford tohav'e; them.

It-is'the' purpose of this inventiontoovercome theobjectionable featuresof the present special snow skatesby providing" practical, light-weight, yet durable and strong separate runners of suit able width'and length tofit any show or ice conditiorr, that can be quickly and securely attached and detached to and from the ordinary ice skates particularly those having shoes attached and of tubular construction;

A: very important and practical feature of my 40 present inventionis that the individually detachable runners will be adjustable to fit most any length and shape" of the ice skate with equal facility. Thus it will be only necessary to manufacture one, or at the most, two sizes of runners of each particular style inorder to fit any numher or style of ice skates. This is very important from the manufacturing standpoint as it reduces the number of dies and tools required to a minimum, simplifies the cost-accounting and book 5.0 keeping, and permits the carrying of only a comparatively small amount of stock on hand, all of which helps to reduce the cost of the runner and-make possible a very moderate sales price.

Another important feature of this invention is 9"" that the runner is so constructed and so attached to the iceskate that the weight and strain on the skate is transmitted to thebase of the" runner only through the sides thereof. In other words, the ice skate blade does not rest or contact the base of the attachable runner. Thus 5 no distortion or damaging of the smooth and even gliding surface of the attached runner nor the dulling of the edges of the ice skate blade, from contact between two equally hard metals, can take place.

The feature as above also permits the use of much thinner steel plate in the manufacture" of the runner and the making of the same in one piece by simply bending to the desired shape. Were the ice skate blade to rest on and transmit the weight directly to the gliding o'r'bas'e portion of the auxiliary or separately attached runner such base would have tobe" made very thick and heavy to give sufficient stiffness to prevent buckling out ofs'hape. Z0

From the foregoing it will be understood that this; invention contemplates" as one of itscbjects a mainly ressed" steel precinct which can manufactured at a low cost yet made of the best fine grained tempered st'eel to g'i'vegr'eat' strength and 2-5 glidingqualities. Anda'c'ertamamount of spring and resiliency obtained which adds materially to the comfort and enjoyment'of skating when th'esernhnersare used. I

Although it is my intention to make" the run- 3'9 ners from one iece or metal, I might find that they can be manufactured more cheaply by making the base" and sides of the funnerin separate ieces, joining" these' together by either brazing"; Welding, or interlocking of the meeting" edges; 5

I might also make thebase of therunner thickera'rid' of cast manganese steel is hard and durable, joining such base in any practical man: t the pressed steel sides or I might mike the conri'pleterunner of cast'steel'. I 40 This invention contemplates further the important feature or means to maintain the ice skate blade centrally within the attachable runner to obtain the desired rigidity, position, and relationship between the runner andsk'ate blade 4 within as shown in the accompanying drawings.

A Still further object or this invention isto provide are glidi'rig" surface of the runners with longitudinal grooves shown in the drawings, such grooves adding strength and stiffness to 5 the runners and preventing undue side slipping.

It is further contemplated to provide the detachable runners with stiifenin'g ribs or" braces wherever such would be expedient to use inorder to permit the use of very thin steel plates in 5 the manufacture of the runner yet securing the desired stiffness and strength.

The invention is applicable to all types of skates and might readily, without departing from the spirit and intent of the invention, be made to fit the blades or runners of ordinary sleds for children.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following detailed description when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and novel features will be further pointed out in the appended claims.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a side View of a tubular shoestake with snow runner attached.

Figs. 2 and 3 are side and plan views respectively, and Fig. 4 a longitudinal section of the snow runner shown attached to the skate in Fig. 1, while Fig. 5 is a cross section of the same runner taken on line a,a. Fig. 2, but showing also ice skate blade in position.

Fig. 6 is a cross section of the same runner but made with a longitudinal groove to prevent side slipping, and provided with different means for holding the ice skate blade centrally within the snow runner, and Fig. 7 a cross section of a runner of somewhat modified construction.

Fig. 8 is a rear view of Fig. 1.

Fig. 9 is a perspective view of the runner clamping means shown at the rear of the skate Fi 1.

Fig. 10 is a longitudinal section of Fig. 9.

Fig. 11 isv a partial view of the skate and runner in Fig. 1 with the clamping means including a forward spring pressing against the rear foot support of the skate.

Figs. 12, 13, and 14 are side, plan and cross sections of a runner equipped with stiffening ribs.

Fig. 15 is a typical cross section of a runner having a comparatively heavy cast steel base.

Fig. 16 is a fragmental side view of a tubular ice skate with a runner in the form of a short ski attached.

Fig. 17 is a fragmental plan View of ski runner and clamping means of Fig. 16 but without the skate, while Fig. 18 is a cross section on line b --b Fig. 17.

Fig. 19 is a side View of a tubular shoe ice skate and detachable snow runner showing parts of the sides of the runner extending upward to the shoe for supporting the skate.

Figs. 20 and 21 are typical cross sections showing runners of modified form and construction for use with tubular skates.

Fig. 22 is a longitudinal sectional view of a runner having the same general characteristics as the one shownin Fig. 1 but modified to fit and support an ice skate as shown, not of tubular construction. The clamping arrangements shown are similar to the one, for the ski of Fig. 17 but showing the additional feature of a clamping head self-adjustable to the particular angle of'the ice skate blade.

Fig. 23 is a plan view of Fig. 22 with the ice skate removed for clearness.

Fig. 24 is a cross section on line cc Fig. 22,

and Fig. 25 a perspective view of part of the clamping means employed in Fig. 22 including the self-adjusting head. Fig. 26 is a fragmentary longitudinal sectional .View of the runner shown in Fig. 22 but modified to accommodate a different type of clamping arrangement. i

Fi 2115 a side view of an ice skatesimilar to the one shown in Fig. 22 but supported differently on a snow runner of modified construction, such part of the runner being shown as is thought necessary to illustrate the modification.

Fig. 28 is a cross sectional View on line d-d Fig. 27.

Like parts have been numbered alike in all of the drawings.

Referring now to Figs. 1-5 inclusive, the numeral I is the skate blade, 2 the tube brace into which the blade is fastened and 33 the front and rear vertical tubular supports. As will be seen, the runner 4 has a much wider base or gliding surface 5 than the skate blade 1, hence is suitable forskating on packed snow or rough snow-crusted ice.

In Fig. 5 the sides 86 will be seen to converge to form substantially a triangle with the upper edges fitting into the corners of the tube 2 of the ice skate as shown. The upper portion of the sides is shown bent inward at a sharper angle so as to have the upper edges enter the corners of the tube 2 at approximately an angle of 45 degrees. This is important in that it prevents the edges from slipping out from the corners upward on the tube. The nearly triangular shape of the runner is further important in that it is the form which will give the greatest structural strength with the minimum amount of material required. It is further important in that it permits the runner to be made light of weight and of a neat appearance. The springs iii serves to maintain the skate blade in a central position within the runner.

The hollow nose of the runner may be filled with some light material such as wood or aluminum metal, for instance, as shown at 8 for the purpose of adding strength to this part of the runner. A rivet or screw 9 is made to pass through the nose for clinching the sides together. The filling material 8 may be made to extend to the line Ill as shown best in Fig. 4 to form a centrally located slot II to fit the skate blade and act as a further means for maintaining the skate blade centrally within the runner.

At the rearward end of the runner 4 the sides E-6 are made to form curved portions l2l2 best shown in Figs. 2 and 8. The outer downward edge of the curved portions is notched out to make the teeth 3 for fitting notches I l-44 in the clamp, strap, or shield 15, best shown in Figs. 1 and 9. The clamp strap 15 is fitted with a screw-threaded boss l6 through which pass the thumbscrew l1. To the end of the screw 11 is loosely riveted an elongated clamp member 18 which is made to fit the curvature of the tube 2 of the ice skate. This clamp member i8 is made so as to provide a substantial contact area with the tube 2 to prevent crushing or injury to this part when attaching the runner to the skate. The member 18 is further provided with a longitudinal centrallylocated slot is for fitting over the blade I of the skate which at the rear end turns slightly upward as shown at 20 Figs. 1 and 8. This slot has the further function of keeping the clamping means in a vertical central position on the ice. skate. The boss It may be made with an inner screw threaded core 2i of non-corrosive metal to prevent sticking of the thumb screw H.

The upper edges of the runner 4 is notched out slightly as shown at 22-22 to accommodate the supports 3-3 which overlap the tube 2 of the skate.

From an inspection of Fig. 1 it will be seen that the clamp strap l5 can bemoved forward or rearward on the runner a considerable distance without slipping off the cooperating teethed portion. Thus one length of runner is capable of being fitted to several diiferent lengths of skates by simply moving the clamp strap l5 up against the foot support 3, to prevent any retrograde movement of the skate, and then screwing down the thumb screw H which raises the strap l5 until the teeth I3 project through the notches or holes M of the strap sufficiently to clamp the runner firmly to the skate. The clamp in dotted outline is shown in position when a shorter skate is used. The upstanding portion 23 of the nose' of the runner is made to fit the usual incline on the forward end of the skate blade to'act as a stop against any forward movement of the skate blade relative to the runner, and to cooperate with the clamping means at the rear to rigidly secure the runner to the skate.

Figs. 1 and 5 show clearly the relationship of the snow runner 4, to the ice skate blade I. It will be observed that the supporting sides of the snow runner are made of a sufficient height to provide a suitable clearance between the base 5 of the runner and the skate blade. Accordingly the total weight or pressure of the skate will be supported on the sides of the snow runner in such a manner as to exclude any possibility of its base or gliding surface becoming bent out of shape or worn through contact with the skate blade; likewise the sharp' edges of the skate blade will not become worn or injured in the least.

Instead of the springs 'l'l in Fig. 5, I might find it advantageous to employ lugs or distance pieces 2424, Fig. 6, secured to the runner sides at intervals by screws 25 for maintaining the skate blade centrally of the runner. The materials used in such lugs or distance pieces should preferably be softer than that of the skate blade to prevent injury to same. In Fig. 6 I have shown a preferred form of the runner base or gliding surface which has been given an upward curvature or groove 28 for the purpose of preventing undue side slipping, otherwise the runner is the same as the one shown in Figs. 1 to 5.

Fig. 7 shows a runner of essentially the same characteristics as the ones shown in Figs. 5 and 6, but with the exceptions that the base 21 is made of thicker metal than thesides 28-28, and the springs 29-29 are fastened to the runner near the base thereof. The thicker base 21 may be ma'nufactured'from steel plate or be made of cast steel and welded or brazed to the sides 28-48. To facilitate welding andobtain a smooth-looking finished product, the sides have been bent inward at their lower edge to form a small triangular space to be filled with the welding or brazing material 3ll-30.

I might find it desirable to equip the clamp strap l5 with a comparatively stiff spring 3| according to Fig. 11. This spring pressing against the skate support prevents retrograde movement of the skate'with relation to the runner, and as the contacting face 32 is made to fit the curvature of the support 3 the finished surface of the support will not be injured.

In the runner 33 shown in Figs. l2, l3, and 14 the sides 34-34 are equipped with stiffening ribs or braces 35 to permit the use of exceptionally thin and light-weight metal. The sides 34-34 are bent outward to form flanges36-36 whereby the sides may be joined to the base 31, preferably by spot or tack welding.

In Fig. 15 I have shownamodified runner base 38 of a thickness and shape suitable for manufacture of cast manganese steelwhich is hard and durable and'often used in ice skate blades. This base is formed with comparatively thick upright sides 3939 which will allow grinding down a considerable distance to maintain sharp edges at the gliding surface. The upright sides 39 have each a much thinner inward shoulder til which is caulked down upon the hooked edge of the runner sides i!4l to form a tight and firm joint. This type of runner while being necessarily somewhat heavier than those hitherto described would have theadvantage of being equally suitablefor both snow and glare ice conditions and especially practical for beginners learning to skate.

Figs. 20 and 21 show other modifications of snow runners, which while maintaining the general characteristics of those described in detail in the foregoing, differ in that the sides are of' a somewhat circular shape and joined in a different' manner to the base. In Fig, 20 the sides sh-42 continues part way around the tube 2 shown in Fig. l, and the base 43 has upstanding edges 4-s c4 for spot or tack welding to the sides, while Fig. 21 shows interlocking joints 45-45 for clinching together the sides 4646 and the base 41.

A still further'modified snow runner 48 is shown in Fig. 19 wherein the runner sides 49, instead of supporting the skate at the junction of the blade I and tube 2 of Fig. l, are provided with upward extensions which at the upper edge are flanged to fit under the foot rests 5! of the skate. A clearance will be observed between the gliding surface or base 52 and the skate blade, and thus the weight of the skate is still supported entirely upon the sides of the runner as in'those formerly described.

For comparatively soft snow conditions such as usually obtained on toboggan slides I prefer to make the snow runner in the form of a short ski which may be anywhere from 15 to 30inches or more in length. Such a runner is shown. in a preferred form in Figs. 16, 1'7, and 18 wherein the comparatively wide base plate 52a is provided with edges ass-53 turned upward and rolled to produce stiffness and added strength to the runner. The sides 55-54 which support the skate in the previously described manner are welded, brazed or joined by any other convenient method to the base plate as shown at 55.

In this type I prefer to use the modified clamping means shown located at the forward end of the skate which consists of a part 56' having a ribbed or corrugated base surface 51, an upward projection 58 forked and inclined to fit the usual slope of the skate blade to hold the same centrally of the runner and another part 59 having ribbed .or corrugated top surface 60 and the under side countersunk to receive the head of clamping bolt El which is fitted with wing nut 62. The part 59 is also countersunk on the upper side at 63 to provide a clearance whereby the bolt 65 and part 56 may be swung forward to a. tilting position to release the skate blade I when the wing nut has been unscrewed part way on the bolt.

From an inspection of the drawings it will be clear that immediately forward .of the skate supporting edges of the sides 5454 an upper portion of the sides is bent to a horizontal plane and the bent portion pressed to form ribs, notches, or corrugationsv 564 which matches the ribbed or corrugated surfaces 5'! and 6!! of the clamping means. The sides 54- 54 are notched out at 65. to allow insertion of the clamp member 59 to the interior of the runner. Forward of the opening 65 the sides are joined together to make a hollow rib 66.

vIt will be evident that the clamping means just described embodies the same general characteristics as those described in connection with Fig. 1 in that either are adjustable along the length of the runner to fit several different lengths of skates or blades but in addition thereto the clamping means of Figs. 16 and 1'7 include means to clamp and hold the skate blade centrally of the runner. The runner 52a is further provided with a forked stop 52b to fit the taper at the rear end of the skate blade I and cooperate with the forward adjustable clamping means for rigidly attaching and centrally maintaining the skate blade within the runner.

My detachable snow runners and short skis heretofore described in connection with ice skates of tubular construction are equally well adapted for use with ordinary ice skates of the type illustrated in Fig. 22. When the runner is to be used with this type of skate I prefer, however, to employ a sling or strap 61 of light-weight sheet metal which is pressed to form a channel with the upper edges 58 rolled over to receive the upper supporting edges of the runner E59 as clearly shown in Fig. 24. Although the metal from which the channel is made would preferably be softer than the skate blade, I might want to cover the channel bottom with some non-metallic material such as leather, for instance,to provide a more pliable rest and cushion for the skate blade I I.

By combining the strap. or channel as shown with the runner a very practical and durable support is obtained for skates of non-tubular construction and it is evident that tubular or any other type of skate can be similarly supported on the runner. By the bent or hooked edges 6 8 of the channel, means are provided for holding the sides, of the runner in the desired spaced relation and definitely prevent the upper edges of the runner from slipping. It will be understood also that whereas I have shown the strap or sling 61 in one channel section, same can be made in two or more sections if desired.

In Figs. 22 and 24 a clearance 12 is shown between the channel or strap ii! and the base of the runner in which case the runner sides takes the full weight and strain on the skate. I do not wish to be limited to such clearance, however, as I might find it practical to make the channel touch the base of the runner so as to sustain at least a small part of the weight and particularly aid the sides of the runner in supporting sudden and severe shocks.

The meansfor. clamping the runner 59 to the skate 13 in Fig. 22 are of the same general construction as the clamp described in connection with the short ski runner in Fig. 16 but modified to include a clamp head M turnable about the bolt or pin '35 so as to be self-adjusting to fit any angle of the skate blade H. As the angle referred to usually varies with every type of skate blade or kind of manufacture this added feature is'important for securing the runner firmly to the skate.

As will be, seen clearly in thesperspective view of the clamping means Fig, and in the plan view Fig. 23 the clamp head It is provided with a slot or channel 16 which tapers inward to make the channel of. lesser width at the bottom. 77

thereof. The taper is there for the purpose of making the. sides of the channel fit and grip the edges of different thicknesses of skate blade to firmly clamp the skate centrally of the runner. The. slot.l8 of the runner is an added means to hold the skate blade centrally thereof at the forward end, thus positively no sideward movement of the skate blade within the runner can take place.

Still another construction for attaching the snow runner 69 to the skate I3 is illustrated in Fig. 26. In connection with this construction the end portion of the runner sides is extended upward and joined together at the top to form guide or hearing support 83. The runner end 19 is bent to form guide or bearing support 8 l. Thus a square or rectangular opening is formed by the upwardly extended runner sides and the supports 851 and Bi, and in this opening ahollow guide or bearing member 82 is rigidly fastened by welding as at 83 or by any other practical method. The rod 84, fitted for slidable movement Within the bearing, is forked on one end to receive and support the, clamp head M which is the same as employed in Fig. 22. The rod 84 is drilled and tapped from the other end to fit the screw threaded adjusting bolt 85 having shoulder 86 and rigidly fitted to the wing nut 81 at the end after passing through the head .88 of the bearing 82. It will be understood that, by turning the wing nut 87 the clamp rod 84 can be screwed in or out. of the bearing 82 to clamp the runner on or detach it from the skate and that this construction, like the other clamping means shown and previously described, is similar in that several different lengths of skates can be accommodated.

In Figs. 27 and 28 the skate 73 is shown fitted with the modified runner 89. As will be seen, the runner sides fit under the braces 98 of the skate and thus supports this type of skate in a similar manner as the runner 4 supports the tubular skate I under the tube brace 2 of Fig. 1. As a means of preventing the runner sides from slipping out from under the braces 90, slots 9| are made in the sides to accommodate eye bolts 92 fastened to one of the sides by hinges 93 and fitted with wing nuts 94 for clamping the sidestogether, the braces 95 being fastened to the other runner side to provide a bearing surface for the wing nuts 94.

The eyebolts 92 are made of a suitable length to clear the foot support of the skate when swung on the hinges 93 to fastenon or detach the runner from the skate.

While in the past separate runners for skating on packed snow have been devised for detachably securing to ice skates, such for instance as shown in my Patent No. 1,658,093 none of them have, so far as I know, been able of practical applica tion to the now so popular tubular shoeskates.

In my own patent as above, the usual taper, of the ordinary skate blade, such as shown in Fig. 24 of the attached drawings of this application, Was utilized for holding the snow runner on the skate which made the problem of fastening such runner a comparatively simple matter, but in the skates of tubular construction, commonly used at the present time, the blades are very thin and entirely without the taper. Hence, the problem of devising a practical detachable runner for tubular skates was much more diflicult to solve, particularly as lightness is a much stressed point in tubular skates, which also had to be observed in. any. detachable runner. to. -be practical, and.

yet same ;had to be .of great structural strength. Other detachable runners of which Iain aware are equally unsuited for use with tubular skates.

Those skilled in theart willreadily understand that 'while the attached drawings show the .de tachable snow runner and short ski in the preferred zforins, modifications can easily ace made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It will be .understood thateither or any of the clamping means shown can be used withany type of i unnerior short skishown, and that I might fit both ends of the runner with adjustableclamping means, or I might fit ad justable clamping means on the forward end onlywith ;a stop or non-adjustable clamping means at ;the rear as shown in Fig. 16, or "vice versa as shown in Fig. l. I might also find-it advantageous ,to utilize the strap or ichan ne1 addition shown in Fig. 22 in conjunction with the .tubular skate of Fig. l. Thus I do not wish to be limited strictly by what is shown in ,the drawings, but only by the claims of this application and the-prior art. 'I claim:

,1. -In combination with askate, a metal runiner adaptedjor gliding on packed snow, having in its upper surfacea longitudinal slot through which the skate blade is entered to the interior thereof, .metallic means comprising a screw threaded portion for securing the runner to the skate and said means being adjustable along the length of said runner.

2. A runner for gliding on packed snow adapted to be secured to a skate, said runner having a base forming the gliding surface thereof, said base being joined to upwardly and inwardly inclined sides, the upper edge of the sides being positioned in the corner junction of the tube and blade of a tubular skate to prevent said sides from slipping upward on the tube whenthe skate is clamped down upon the run ner, said sides giving full support to the skate, with the skate blade in spaced relation to said base of the runner.

3. A runner for gliding on packed snow, said runner made hollow and adapted to receive the blade of a skate within, a base and gliding surface for the runner, upwardly extending sides from said base having an upper part thereof bent inward at an angle of approximately 45 degrees to prevent slipping between the upper supporting edges of the runner and the skate.

4. A runner as described for gliding on packed snow having a strap of channel-like cross section, said strap adapted to hold the blade of a skate and having its upper edges turned outward and downward to form a recess along each edge thereof to receive the upper edges of the runner sides, the weight of the skate being supported upon the runner sides through the medium of said strap or channel.

5. A runner for gliding on packed snow adapt ed to be detachably secured to a skate, said runner made hollow with substantially upright sides, and a hollow member within said runner engaging said sides for co-operatively supporting the weight of the skate thereon.

6. A runner as in claim 5 and, said holllow member including cushioning material whereupon the skate blade may rest.

7. A runner as in claim 2 and, said runner having means for sustaining the skate blade in a central position thereof.

8. A runner as in claim 2 and, said runner having spring pressed means for keeping the skate blade in position centrally of the runner.

9. A runner as in claim 2 and, said .base extending outward from said sides to form a gliding surface approximately the width of a ski and said base having longitudinal stiffening braces or ribs along its outer edges.

10. A runner for gliding on packed snow adapted to be secured to a skate, said runner having a substantially rectangular base and gliding surface, and having substantially upright sides, said base and said sides being-made separate and provided with cooperating interlocking edges for permanently securing the base and said sides together.

11. A runner for gliding on packed snow, said runner having substantially upright sides, .and said sides including a notched portion for detachably securing the runner to a skate.

12. A metal runner for gliding on packed snow, said runner having substantially upright sides, and said sides provided with outwardly extending lugs at one end the runner fordetachably securing the runnerto a skate.

13. A metal runner for gliding on packed snow, said runner having substantially upright sides adapted to support a skate thereon the skate beingsupported' along the upper edge of said sides and adjustable metallic clamping means for said runner for detachably securing the same to the skate.

14. A runner for gliding on packed snow, said runner having substantially upright sides adapted to support a skate thereon; clamping means on the runner and additional means engaging said clamping means for co-operatively securing said runner to the skate.

15. A runner for gliding on packed snow, said runner having substantially upright sides adapted to support a skate thereon; separate clamping means for said runner, and said runner having a part adapted to co-operatively engage the separate means for detachably securing said runner to the skate.

16. A runner for gliding on packed snow having a substantially rectangular base and gliding surface, and having substantially upright sides whereupon a skate may rest and be at least partially supported, said runner having a slot in one side longitudinally thereof to receive the skate blade, a stop for the blade at one end of the slot for preventing endwise movement therein, separate clamping means for the runner and means at the other end of said slot for co-operatively engaging said clamping means to secure the runner to the skate.

17. A runner for gliding on packed snow having a substantially rectangular base and gliding surface, and having substantially upright sides whereupon a skate may rest and be at least partially supported, said runner having a slot in one side longitudinally thereof to receive the skate blade, a plurality of separate clamping means for the runner and co-operative parts on the runner for attaching said runner securely to the skate.

18. A runner for gliding on packed snow having a substantially rectangular base and gliding surface and having substantially upright sides whereupon a skate may rest and be at least partially supported, said runner having a slot in one side longitudinally thereof to receive the skate blade, a stop for the blade at one end of the slot for preventing endwise movement therein, said stop being located at an incline from; a horizontal plane to substantially fit over one end of the skate for co-operatively attaching the runner tothe skate and'said stop being part of the adjustable mechanism. for clamping the runner to the skate.

19. A metal runner for gliding on packed snow adapted for use in connection with a skate,

metallic means for fastening the runner on the skate, and said means adjustable along the length of the runner.

20; A metal runner for gliding on packed snow adapted for use in connection with a skate,

said runner having metallic means for detachably clamping the runner to the skate, and said means being shiftable along the length of the runner whereby the same runner can be clamped and firmly secured to skates of different lengths.

21. A metal runner for gliding on packed snow adapted for use in connection with a skate, said runner having screw threaded means adjustable along the length thereof for securing the irunner to the skate.-

22. A runner for gliding on packed snow adapted for use in connection with a skate, adjustable means for fastening the runner on the skate at least at one end thereof, and said means comprising a self-adjusting member adapted to ed for use in connection with a skate, said runner having an end portion thereof corrugated or notched, and in combination with said runner, separate clamping means to match said notches or corrugations for co-operatively securing the runner to the skate.

24. A runner for gliding on packed snow adapted for use in connection with a skate, said runner having an end portion thereof corrugated or notched, and in combination with said runner, separate adjustable means co-operatively engaging said corrugations or notches for detaohably securing the runner to the skate. v

25. In combination with a metal runner adapted for gliding on packed snow, metallic clamping means comprising a member adapted to engage and interlock with the runner at a plurality of points along the length of said runner.

26. A runner for gliding on packed snow and adapted to be secured to a skate, clamping means for the runner comprising a member adapted to engage and interlock with said runner at a plurality of points along the length thereof, and said means having a screw-threaded bolt therein for clamping the runner to the' skate.

OSCAR NYGAARD.