US2208053A - Coke oven - Google Patents

Description

My 16 1940. 7 'P. M. HNCKARD 2 208,053

' COKE OVEN Filed March .13, 1940 4 Sheets-Sheet 1' July 16, 0- P'. M. PINCKARD com OVEN Filed March 13, 1940 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 MM W I mmmwwww IMWWIW M 1 2ml. Pzkdard %W% M W@WW W MMMMV mwlmw W//// //////////////////4mmm.

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J1EE)! 16, 1940. p M P|NCKARD 2,208,053,

COKE OVEN Filed March 13, 1940 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 3 wv 0mm faullflmakard SVJ 0 P. M. PINCKARD July 16, E940.

COKE OVEN Filed March 13, 1940 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 N \il products of combustion returning to stack. This pecially when underfiring with low quality gas,

as when applied to the vertical heating hues of a from some other section. Such a difierence in so regenerator sections on the one hand and the construction herein proposed. 35

Patented July 16, 1940 4 1 I UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE Paul M. mi fszfimi, mm. b Applicatir: 13,(2d0,2:;:l5:o. 823,809

This invention relates to by-product coke ovens alternate pairs of dues, the distribution of fuel and particularly to the regenerators thereof and will be eflected under more uniform pressure contheir relationship with respect to the heating ditions to all of these dues and those at the fiues. center of the oven will not be inadequately sups It has already been proposed to construct a plied as has been the case in other known con- I regenerator divided into four sections extending structions. longitudinally of the oven, so that when under- While retaining the principal advantages of the firing with low quality gas, it is possible to avoid prior patent referred to, the present invention counter flow between the gas itself and the represents marked improvements thereover. Es-

has been accomplished by so connecting the four there has been a tendency in the past with sections and their bus flues that a regenerator known ovens to produce cold bottoms. This has section intended for the supply of air will always been due to the fact that the high content of be interposed between a section supplying gas nitrogen and carbon dioxide in blast furnace or it and a section conveying products of combustion. producer gas appreciably retards combustion with Such a flow arrangement has been utilized in the result that the flame propagation occurs at a ovens of the crossover flue type, in which a great point-relatively high in the flues, thus failing to many of the advantages have been lost howsupply adequate heat at the lower portions of ever, because the exchange of heat is split bethe heating wall. In a well known type of oven tween two heating walls. In a prior United equipped with crossover flues, an eiiort has been 20 States Letters Patent No. 2,049,136, dated July made to eliminate these undesirable cold bottom 28, 1936, and issued to the present inventor, these efiects by regulating the suction conditions to I same fluid flows, in a so-called longitudinally approach a plus-minus or neutral condition at four-divided regenerator, were for the first time the top of the regenerator. But since all brick 5 applied to the heating of the flues of a single walls leak, the presence of this plus-minus conheating wall. dition near the top of the regenerator renders the As clearly set forth in the specification of the gas in a particular regenerator section more subprior patent referred to, the division oi a regen- Ject to travel by being drawn through one or more erator into four longitudinally extending sections of the walls of the regenerator by a stronger pull single wall, especially where short horizontal fiues pull might be traceable to a difierence in slide are employed, represented marked advantages brick settings or to a non-uniform setting of the over the then prior art. Among these advantages butterfly valves in the wind boxes. Whatever are the elimination of counter flow between the may be the cause, it is entirely eliminated in the bus flues themselves on the other. As a mat- In accordance with the present invention, ter of fact, in accordance with this design, the four longitudinally extending sections into entire regenerator section extending ior'the full which a regenerator is divided, are further sublength of the oven will be handling the same divided by low friction checker brick shapes into 40 fluid at a particular time, thus avoiding counter independent vertical ducts.- A vertical wall in w flow within different portions of the same secthe regenerator separates the four sections into tion. The advantage of dividing the vertical two pairs of sections, one pair of which will supflues into relatively small groups and utilizing ply the combustible fluids at a particular time short horizontal fiues to connect them was also while the other pair is conveying products of realized with a resulting reduced stack difcombustion to the stack. Following established ferentiai measured from bus flue to bus flue, and practice, these flows will be reversed periodically. improved yields of desirable by-products. This Above each pair of regenerator sections, but bearrangement of flues also assures a very uniform low the heating wall containing the vertical flues, heat exchange, since the lines between which there is provided a sole flue or mixing chamber 7 such exchange istamng place are always close to connected with each of the independent vertical o gether and in the same wall. A further adducts of the sections of apair, through relatively vantage of the construction in the prior patent restricted passages contained in cap bricks referred to is the improved fuel, gas distribution mounted above the low friction checker shapes. when operating with high quality or coal gas. To further assure separation below the mixing Since each oi the fue gas ducts feeds only into chamber of the fluids handled by the two sections 55 constituting a pair, a sealing means is provided extending downwardly from the cap bricks towards the bottom of the regenerator. In some instances, the sealing means may include a continuous metallic sheet extending from the cap brick at the top of the regenerator to the floor thereof and throughout the length of the oven.

In other instances, such a metallic sheet need not extend all of the way down to the floor, since in accordance with the present construction there is no necessity for attaining a plus-minus condition at the top of the regenerator and consequently, any tendency to leak would be not only greatly reduced in accordance with this construction, but would be confined to a correspondingly higher portion of the regenerator than experienced in prior constructions where a plusminus is necessary at the top of the regenerator. Where such a metallic plate is used, there will preferably be provision for expansion and contraction due to heating and cooling at the upper edge of the plate and at its ends. The seal at the upper edge may be efiected with slotted bricks closely fitting the plate as to thickness but containing a slot which is longer than the portion of the plate which it normally receives. Such slotted bricks may well bev received by slots on grooves formed in the cap bricks intermediate tue of the present construction comprising the improved checker shapes, the generously sized flues, the adequate openings between the regenerators and flues, and the probable elimination of slide brick control, even lower stack differentials may be expected than those previously attained; and as a consequence, coking chamber wall and iamb leakage will be minimized and improved yields of gas, tar, benzol, ammonia and toluol may be reasonably expected. By the provision of a sole flue or mixing chamber above each pair of regenerator sections and below the heating walls,

operation with low quality gas becomes really practical for the first time without necessitating such close regulation as would be required were a plus-minus condition required at the top of the regenerator. By this arrangement, the gas and air are mixed and combustion started in the mixing chamber well below the flues, so that when the burning gases enter the flues, heat will be pplied at the bottoms of the flues with the'attainment of marked advantages which have not been possible heretofore.

A more complete understanding of the present invention will follow from a detailed description in conjunction with the attached drawings wherei Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional elevation through a heating wall and regenerator of a byproduct cokeoven embodying the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a sectional plan through the regener- 'ator taken substantially along line 2-1 of Fig. '1;

Fig. '3 is a transverse sectional elevation through the heating wall and regenerator taken substantially along line 3-3 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is a fragmentary transverse sectional elevation taken substantially along line 44 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 5 is an enlarged transverse sectional elevation showing a portion of the construction of Fig. 3;

Fig. 6 is a fragmentary view similar to Fig. 5 illustrating a modification;

Fig. 7 is a perspective view of a shape suitable for use as a bus flue;

Fig. 8 is a perspective of a suitable checker brick shape for dividing the regenerator sections into independent vertical ducts; e

"Fig. 9 is a perspective of a slotted brick suitable to receive a metallic sheet for separating the regenerator sections constituting a pair;

Fig. '10 is a perspective of a cap brick adapted to receive the slotted brick of Fig. 9, and to provide relatively restricted passages for intercom necting the regenerator sections with the mixing chamber; and

Fig. 11 is a diagrammatic showing intended to illustrate the fluid flow in the regenerator sections and vertical flues of an oven embodying the present invention.

The oven of the present invention comprises a heating wall 2!) and a regenerator 22. The heating wall is subdivided into a plurality of vertical flues 24, and in the form shown in Fig. l of the drawings, these flues are divided into groups of four, each group being provided with a horizontal flue 26 establishing communication between one pair of flues and the next adjacent pair constituting a group.

The regenerator is provided with a vertical wall 28 extending longitudinally thereof, dividing the same into two substantially equal parts. On

'each side of this vertical partition or wall 28, a

pair of regenerator sections is defined by vertical rows of checker shapes 3ll communicating at their lower ends with their respective bus flues 32 for the supply of fluid or delivery of products of combustion to stack as the case may be; and at their upper ends with sole flues or mixing chambers 34 located thereabove but below the floor 35 of the heating wall 20. At the upper end of each pair of regenerator sections, but below the sole flue or mixing chamber common to the two sections of each pair, cap bricks 36 are arranged, each cap brick containing a pair of passages 38 afiording relatively restricted communication between each regenerator section and the mixing chamber. Each cap brick is also provided with a slot or groove 40 at a point intermediate the restricted passages 33, adapted to receive a slotted brick 42 which is also provided with a slot 44 adapted for the reception of a metallic sealing plate 46. The slot is preferably somewhat longer than required by the width of plate normally received thereby, and in some instances the slot is provided withan enlargement 43 near its upper end to permit expansion and contraction of the plate 46 as it is subjected to varying temperature conditions. For interconnecting the mixing chambers 34 and the vertical flues 24, a plurality of ports 50 are provided, which as depicted in Fig. l of the drawings, interconnect a particular mixing chamber with alternate pairs of the flues. The associated mixing chamber or sole flue 34 positioned on the opposite side otthe wall or partition 28 will be connected with the remaining flues or the heating wall, one such connection being depicted in Fig. 4 ot the drawings.

As illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4 of the drawings,

I fuelgas ducts 52 are providedin the event that coal gas is to be employed as the fuel, and in this case also, the ducts are connected with only al-.

ternate pairs of flues' through suitable nozzles 54.

As shown in the enlarged view of Fig. 5, the sealing plate 46 extends from the cap brick l6 and associated slotted brick 42, down between the low friction checker shapes l0 and between the bus flues 32, to a point therebelow in the masonry with which it is arranged in sea g relationship, as by an enlarged end 56 of t e sheet received. in a complementary groove 58, which arrangement permits removal of the sheet from the oven if necessary and replacement by a new one. The ends of this sheet may be received in suitable wells 60, Fig. 2 formed in metal sheets 62 which cover the regenerator faces in conjunction with an interposed layer of insulating material it. In this manner it willbe clear that adequate provision has been made for expansion and contraction of the metallic sealing plate 46, longitudinally as well as transversely.

As already pointed out, in an oven embodying flows similar to those hereinproposed, but applying themto two heating walls instead of one, the regenerator leakage has been principally at the top of the regenerator, since where there is no counterflow, there is but little tendency for leakage to occur until the neutral or plus-minus condition is reached, which condition is only approached at a point near the top of such regenerators. In the oven of the present invention, the openings employed for interconnecting the regenerator sections with the mixing chamber are relatively larger than the openings connecting the regenerators and fines of the known construction referred to, so that the point at which any such plus-minus condition will be achieved with the present construction will be substantially higher, and accordingly, the danger of leakage in. the lower portions of the regenerator will be greatly reduced. Accordingly, in a modified form of the invention depicted in Fig. 8 of the draw- In addition to the central supporting wall it,

supplemental walls it may be provided intermediate the central wall and the ends of the oven, but it should be clearly understood that these supplemental walls are for support only and in no way interfere with the'iiows of the fluids. Upon reference to Fig. 2 of the drawings, it will be noted that the metallic plates #46 extend continuously throughout the length of the regen-- orator, and that all three of these supporting walls are suitably slotted for this purpose.

The diagrammatic showing of Fig. 11 of the drawings will permit a ready understanding of the new of fluids in accordance with the present a pair in the regenerator have been illustrated as connected with their respective mixing chambers or sole flues. In accordance with a practice commonly employed in representing current flows in electrical circuits, upward flow has been indicated in these passages by a point or dot, while downward flows have been depicted by a cross or the rear end of an arrow. As already pointed out, all of the independent vertical ducts aligned in a regenerator section will be handling the same fluid at a particular time. The uppermost regenerator section shown in Fig. 11 of thedrawings which has been designated 309 for convenience, will be supplying gas to the upper mixing chamber 34, while the regenerator section adjacent thereto, designated 30a will be supplying air thereto. This gas and air will be combined in the mixing chamber 34 shown at the upper portion of the drawings, whereupon alternate pairs of heating fiues will be supplied with the burning mixture through the ports 50. As

indicated by the arrows in Fig. 11 of the drawings, burning gases will ascend through alternate pairs of flues, pass through their horizontal flues 26 and descend through the next adjacent pairs the restricted passages 38, through the regenerator sections designated 300 at the lower portion of the drawings, through their respective bus flues, arches to stack, and finally to stack.

At prescribed intervals, the flows are reversed, at which time gas would be supplied through the regenerator section lowermost in the drawing of Fig. 11, air would be supplied through the section immediately thereabove, and the products of combustion would be withdrawn through the sections at the upper portion of the drawings.

By alternating the flows in this manner, preheating of the products of combustion is accomplished and excessive temperatures in the regenerator are avoided.

Whereas various arrangements of checker bricks and low friction shapes are possible in association with the present invention, a suitable shape has been depicted in Fig. 8 of the drawings wherein the greatest flow will be possible at the central portion of the shape due to the discontinuous web 18, with a somewhat reduced flow through the outer passages 80. In fact it is proposed that one of the outer walls 82 of these shapes be somewhat thicker than the opposite wall lit, the thicker wall being intended to be adjacent to the metal plate at and thus transfer less heat thereto than would be the case with a thinner wall at this point. The bus fiues are made up of shapes of the type depicted in Fig. 7 of the drawings which are designed to cooperate with thechecker shapes of Fig. 8. These bus flue elements may be constructed of a lower U-shaped section 86 and an upper U-shaped section 88, the

upper section having cut-out portions for registry\with those of the checker shape of Fig. 8 of the drawings.

Whereas it is not intended to restrict the present invention to any specific materials, a suitable material for the metallic sheet separating the sections of a pair of regenerator sections is H C Enduro. This product is discussed on page 723 of Sweet's Catalogue of Engineering Materials (1933) as suitable for temperatures ranging up to 2100 F. Forthe refractory shapes many of the materials produced in kilns or electric furnaces would be entirely satisfactory. It should bemoted that the refractory shapes and brick used in this construction should embody ship-lap joints or interlapping joints wherever feasible.

The oven of the present invention may be built up on a cement mat in accordance with common 5 practice or it may be erected on columns such as have been utilized in conjunction with more recent constructions.

Whereas a number of specific examples of materials, shapes and other characteristics have 1 been given in explaining the present invention, it should be clearly understood that these are purely examples and should not be construed as limitations upon the invention; the true scope of which is set forth in the appended claims.

I claim: 1. In combination with a coke oven having a heating wall with flues therein, a regenerator divided into two pairs of sections extending longitudinally of the oven, means sub-dividing each 1 20 section into a plurality of independent vertical ducts, each pair of sections having restricted communication with a mixing chamber extending thereabovebut below said heating wall and sealing means interposed between the sections of a pair below said mixing chamber.

2. In combination with a coke oven having a heating wall with flues therein, a regenerator communicating with said heating wall, low friction checker bricks dividing said regenerator into -two pairs of sections extending longitudinally of the oven and each section into a plurality of vertical ducts, each pair of sections having restricted communication with a mixing chamber extending thereabove but below said heating wall '35- and sealing means interposed between the sections of a pair below said mixing chamber.

3. In combination with a coke oven having a heating wall with flues therein, a regenerator divided into two pairs of sections extending ion.-

' 40 gitudinaliy of the oven, means sub-dividing-each section into a plurality of independent vertical Qducts, each pair of sections having restricted- 55 of the adjacent section, each pair of sections.

having restricted communication with' a mixing chamber extending thereabove but below said fheating wall and sealing means interposed between the sections of a pair below said mixin 6'0 chamber. n 5. In combination with a coke oven having a heating wall with flues therein,a regenerator divided into two pairs of sections extending longitudinally of the oven, means subdividing eich 05 section into a plurality of independent vertical I ducts, each pair 01 sections having restricted cornmunication with a mixing chamber extending thereabove but below said heating wall and metallic sealing means interposed between the sec- 7q, tions of a-pair below said mixing chamber.-

" 6. In combination with a coke oven having a heating wall with flues therein, a regenerator communicating with said heating wall, low fric-' tion checker bricks dividing said regenerator into 5 two pairs of sections extending longitudinally of the oven and each section into a plurality of vertical ducts. each pair of sections having restricted communication with a mixing chamber extending thereabove but below said heating wall and sealing means comprising a metallic sheet interposed between the sections of a pair below said mixing chamber.

7. In combination with a coke oven having a heating wall, with flues therein, a regenerator communicating with said heating wall, low friction checker bricks dividing said regenerator into two pairsof sections extending longitudinally of the oven and each section into a plurality of vertical ducts, each pair of sections having restricted communication with a mixing chamber extending thereabove but below said heating wall and sealing means comprising a removable me-' tallic sheet interposed between the sections of a pair below said mixing chamber.

8. In combination with a coke oven having a heating wall with flues therein, a regenerator communicating with said heating wall, low friction checker bricks dividing said regenerator into two pairs of sections extending longitudinally of the oven and each section into a plurality of vertical ducts, each pair of sections having restricted communication with a mixing chamber extending thereabove but below said heating wall and sealing means comprising a metallic sheet interposed between the sections of a pair below said mixing chamber, said sheet extending throughout the length of the oven.

9. In combination with a coke oven having a heating wall with flues therein, a regenerator communicating with said heating wall, low friction checker bricks dividing said regenerator into two pairs of sections extending longitudinally of the oven and each section into a plurality of vertical ducts, each pair of sections having restricted communication with a mixing chamber extending thereabove 'but below said heating wall. sealing means comprising a metallic sheet interposed between the sections of a pair below said mixing chamber and means receiving an edge of said sheet forming an expansion joint therewith.

10. In combination with a coke oven having a heating wall with flues therein, a regenerator communicating with said heating wall, low friction checker bricks dividing said regenerator into two pairs of sections extending longitudinally of the oven. and each section into a plurality of vertical ducts, each pair of sections having restricted communication with a mixing chamber extending thereabove but below said heating wall, sealing means comprising a metallic sheet individing said regenerator into four sections extending longitudinally of said oven, a vertical partition in said regenerator separating said sections into pairs, means defining a mixing chamber above each pair oi! sections but below said flues, means providing relatively restricted passages between a pair of sections and their mixing chamber, and a metal plate extending downwardly between the sections oi'a pair.

12. Incombination with a coke oven having a heating wall with a plurality of pairs of flues therein, a regenerator below said wall, checker bricks dividing said regenerator mm 1011! sections extending longitudinally of said ovenand each section into a plurality of vertical ducts, a

vertical partition in said regenerator separating saidsections into pairs, means defining a mixing chamber above each pair of sections but below said flues, means providing relatively restricted passages between the pairs of said sections and their respective mixing chambers, sealing means between the sections of each pair, and means connecting said mixing chambers respectively with alternate different pairs of said flues. 13. In combination with a coke oven having a heating wall with a' plurality of pairs of flues ,therein, a regenerator below said wall, checker bricks dividing said regenerator into foursections extending longitudinally of said oven, a

chamber above each pair oi sections but below said iiues, brickwork capping each pair 01' sections providing relatively restricted passages between thepairs of said sections and their re- 35 a plurality of independent vertical ducts means Y A defining a longitudinally extending mixing chamvertical partition in said regenerator separatingsaid sections into pairs, means defining a mixing her below said heating wall for each pair of sections, means defining restricted passages between each of the ducts of said pairs of sections andtheir respective mixing chambers and sealing means interposed between said subdividing means. 6 15. In combination with a coke oven having a heating wall with a plurality of fiues therein, a regenerator below said wall, checker bricks dividing said regenerator into four sections extending longitudinally of said oven, a vertical 10 partition in said regenerator separating said sections into pairs, means defining a mixing chamber above each pdir of sections but below said fines, means providing relatively restricted passages between the pairs of said sections and their 15 respectivemixing chambers, sealing means between the sections of each pair, and means connecting one of said mixing chambers with substantially halfof said flues and the other of said mixing chambers with the remainder of said flues. 20

H 16. In combination with a coke oven having a heating wall with a plurality of pairs of fines therein, a regenerator below said wall, checker bricks dividing said regenerator into four sec-- tions extending longitudinally of said oven, a 2 vertical partition in said regenerator separating said sections into pairs, means defining a mixing chamber above each pair of sections but below said flues, means providing relatively restricted passages between the pairs of said sections and their respective mixing chambers, sealing means between the'sections of each pair, and means connecting said mixing chambers respectively with alternate diflerent pairs 01 said flues.

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