US2204147A

US2204147A - Photographic stencil material

Info

Publication number: US2204147A
Application number: US186413A
Authority: US
Inventors: Murray Alexander
Original assignee: Eastman Kodak Co
Current assignee: Eastman Kodak Co
Priority date: 1934-05-24
Filing date: 1938-01-22
Publication date: 1940-06-11
Anticipated expiration: 1957-06-11
Also published as: DE675799C; US2158194A

Description

June 11, 1940. MURRAY 2,204,147

7 PHOTOGRAPHIC STENCIL MATERIAL Original Filed May 24, 1934 v W I-"Ill" mmvzm 68. 74% kam' A TTURNEYS.

Alexander Murray Patented June 11', 1940 UNIT A srArss- 2,204,147 7 v I ruo'rocasrmc STENCIL MATERIAL Alexander Murray, Rochester, N.'Y.,assignor, by I mesne assignments, to Eastman KodakOompany, Jersey City, N. .L, a corporationof New Jersey Application December "1, 1935, Serial No. 53,381,

which is a division of Serial No. 727,304, May 24, 1934. Divided and this application January 22, 1938, Serial E0. 183,413

'3Claims.

This invention relates to a photographic element which may be used for making etched designs on glass and metal objects, such as bowls', tiukmblers, vases, cylinders, stem-ware, and the This case is a division of application Serial No. 53,381, died December '1, 1935, now Patent 2,158,194, whichintiirn is a division 0! applica tion Serial No. 727,304, filed May 24, 1934, now

l0 Patent 2,073,313. 7

It has been diflicult to make deeply etched or cut designs of uniformly high quality upon the surface of solid objects such as stem-ware, ex-

. cept by processes requiring a large amount of 15-: time consumingand highly skilled hand work.

I have invented av method of etching such glasswere in a simple and comparatively inexpensive manner. This comprises the formation on a freely extensible sheet, such as rubber, of an'image go that is extensible with the rubber and applying this image bearing stencil or negative, preferably in the, form or a closed or tubular band, to

the surface of the object to be etched, which also carries a sensitive coating. This is then exposed.

g5 tofiuniform illumination from all sides, the'negative removed, and the glass or metal etched by a photoengraving process. i

' My invention resides in the various methods herein described of making the elastic stencil, in

30 the sensitized elastic element, and in thecom:

pleted elastic stencil band, I 1

"Referencewill be made to the accompanying drawing. n the several figures of which like numerals represent like parts and in which:

a Fig.1 is, a section on 5-3-11 exaggerated scaleof a sensitized element made according to my inven tion.'

Fig, 2 is a similar section of the element after 'xposure and removal of the resist at the exfpo'sedportions.

Fig; 4' is a section cation of a' 'dye' thereto. Fig. 515 asection of the elastic sheet bearing the dye design, after removal from the support.

' 1"ig, 6"is a perspective view of a frame can?- ing' an endlessrubber stencil strip;

' .nament'ed. e 4

Fig. 8 is a similar view showing'the gobletand band inposition tor printing.

It is obvious that a prime desideratum in 'a photographic negative or stencil having a highly Fig, 3, is a section of the elementfafteretching.

of the element after appliilexible'or elastic is thattheiuiage shall be must be printed or stenciled upon thesupport I:

itself and the original layer removed;

. I will first describe my preferred method oi forming such a stencil or negative, reference ber, ing made tcFlg. 1.

Upon a suitable support I which may be a glass plate, a sheet of a cellulosic derivative composition, waxed or otherwise waterprooied, cardboard or any other reasonably rigid sheetga thin, elastic, soft, translucent, vulcanized rubber sheet 2 is temporarily attached by means of a suitable stripping adhesive, such as wax or a rubber cement. 'I'herubber sheet would be held smoothly but ordinarily not under tension. Asuitable cement is a .5% solution of rubber inbenzene.

Commercial rubber sheeting having a thickness of .003-.004 inch is preferred but the thickness may vary within wide limits, as between .0005 and .Ollnch. I

A thin, preferably unelasticstencil material v3, as for instance, a sheet of brass, nickel or other metal foil .001 inch thick, is then attached) to the rubber layer by means of a rubber cement. If the element is tobe used immediately, brass is preferred, but since brass tends to affect rubber if kept in contact with it, nickel or some other inert material would be used if the plate is to be stored for some time. i p To the shetof -foil 3' is then applied ,a coatingl'o! a light sensitive resist, an example being the following:

.Granis.

- Dicinnamal acetone 32.5"

' Theresist mentioned is of" thetype covered in my prior Patent No. 1,965,7l0, granted .lulylO, 1934, and forms-a hard coherentcoat ing w L A line negative. or positive is placed in. contact with" the sensitive. coating andexposed-to the Iflg. "I is a similar view showing the band ex- 1 pended to permit insertion of a goblet to'be or-- light of, 30 ampere arc lamp at a distance of, 24 inches for 5 minutes. The unexposed partsiof the resist arep'removed by treatmentv withkerosene; The solvent action, is'ccntrolled by observation and is stopped by removal of thekero- 'sene'by washingwith soap andwater. The .ele-

ment'afterthistreatment-is illustratedin Fig.2, theiresist-bein'g indicated by 4'.

, The stencil sheet is then etched in the exposed parts of the design with aqueous ferric chloride solution of above 36 Baum until the brass is removed to the rubber which the etching solution does not aifect. The element then appears as shown in Fig, 3, the etched brass sheet being indicated at 3'. l

After rinsing with water and drying, the etched surface is treated with a stain, solution or dye which deposits upon the areas of rubber laid bare by etching, a' coloring matter which becomes physically extensible with the rubber, as indicated at 5 in Fig. 4. This may be a rubber in or stain, sprayed or brushed upon the stencil and coating the rubber in the stencil openings. This solution may consist of:

. Grams Nogrosine (Schulz No. 985) 5 2% crepe rubber in benzene 30 Ether g 65 The resist areas would also be more or less colored, but. no use is made of this property, as it is merely incidental. The stencil foil sheet carrying the resist is readily stripped from the rubber by stripping the a rubber sheet from the support and then stretching it, whereupon the inextensible foil, not

stretching with the rubber and being attached thereto by a stripplngdayer, separates from it.

Photo-engraving glue (fish glue) grams 360 Ammonium bichromate do 55 Water "liters-.. 1

When dry, the plate is exposed to a suitable light design, the print developed by washing in water, and dried. It is now covered with a suitable stain such as the one already described, or

Grams Oil Red 0 dye (Schulz No. 532) 1 Nigroslne 4 1.0% rubber solution in benzene 20 When dry, the rubber sheet is stripped from. the

temporary support and washed in warm water to remove the remaining glue. This is aided by stretching the rubber. There is left a rubber sheet carrying a stain, which ordinarily will be a line image.

A thirdmethod, which is non-photographic, of,

making the rubber negative or sitive will now be given. The rubber sheet is p aced over a design to be copied. The rubber sheet may be either mounted on afglass sheet as before or placed 1 tightly on the designon a drawing board and both held in place by th tacks. The design or pattern is then drawn i water color on the rubber by hand using a suitable fine brush, When dry it is stained with dye solutions of the type al- .ready describedi The water color is then washed off leaving the stain image.

Still a fourth method is'the following. A rubber sheet; mounted as before, is coated with a silver halide-gelatine emulsion, exposed to av light image, of the design, and developed in a tanning developer of known type, such as pyro. The untanned gelatine is removed by-washing in warm water.. After drying the negative is stained as 1 above described and the remaining tanned gelatine stencil removed by any usual, means that does not attack the rubber or the stain.

By whichever method is used. there is obtained an elastic -negative, the support-of which is a thin, elastic, soft, translucent, anized sheet of rubber carrying a perfectly exte sible design in animated cartoons, may be made by constantly changing the extension of the rubber in one or more directions or unevenly. If extended uniformly in all directions, an enlarged print may be made by direct contact printing.

By stretching to a precisely determined de-. gree, a negative having calibration marks on it may be used in the calibration of individual instrument scales where the samescale readings are shown but in somewhat different dimensions on the .several instruments. I

The principal use which I have in mind, however, is the printlng of photographicdeslgns upon thesurface of an object having other than a plane surface. Such objects may be glassware, such as bowls, tumblers, jars, stem-ware including go'blets, wine glasses and vases, and other dishes; metal cylinders used in printing processes or for any other purpose; molded metal forms, such as picture frames, convex dials, watch cases and furniture parts and other objects toonumerone to catalog. In general the printing would be made by stretching the negative over or around the object to be ornamented or marked and which would carry upon its surface a. light sensitive coating. The rubber sheet would by its own tension hug closely and contact the surface of the object, except for concavities. The first photographic image could'be the permanent one if the object werenot to be subjected to rough usage but the coating usually would be of a type adapted to act as a resist, and after exposure, would be developed by a wash-oil or solvent process, leaving a resist design through which a suitable etching fluid could act on the metallic or glass object, after which the resist would be removed. The particular resist used would have to be one capable of withstanding the etching fluid used. Many such are known for use with metallic surfaces but few photographic resists are known prior to my invention capable of withstanding the action of hydrofluoric acid ordinarily used for glass etchina.

Reference will now be made to Figs. 6, 7 and 8 which show a device for applying the negative to the surface of an object such as a goblet. .A negative strip l0 bearing a repeat design II, has its ends secured by a suitable rubber cement in an air tight seam l2, thus forming an endless or cylindrical rubber negative, the size of which, when unextended, is less than the article to be etched or ornamented. The edges of this negative are secured between clamping blocks of a suitable frame. This frame consists of a glass cylinder is having tightly fitting metal or rubber annular rings i4 and IS in its opposite ends. These rings have cut out annular rabbets within which fit smaller rings IS on their outer surfaces. The ring it is removed from ring it and, while one edge of the negative band is held stretched,

is replaced, clamping the edge between the rings II and It. The other edge of the band is then clammd to the ring II in a similar way. The normal position of the band is shown in Fig. 6. Through the ring it passtwo tubes H and is, with stop cocks I! and 20,. the first tube being connected to a source (not shown) of compressed air or, preferably, ot a compressed inert gas and the other to-a suction device (not-shown), or both may be connected to a circulating supply of an inert cooling fluid. When the stop cock 2.

is opened and the cock it closed, air. will be withdrawn from the annular space between the glass cylinder II and the rubber negative II and the latter will be drawn outwardly as shown in Fig. "I. The goblet 2i or other article carrying a sensitive coating on that portion of its surface to be ornamented is then placed within the casing as shown in the same figure and stop cock is opened while 20 is closed.

Even if the tube H were open to the air, the contraction of the rubber negative band ll would ordinarily cause it to contact closely with the surface of the goblet, but in order to insure uhisform close contact throughout, the tube I1 is preferably connected to a source of, compressed air, and this is necessary if the article. to be marked has concavities in its surface or if the article has portions of somewhat smaller diameter than the normal diameter of the band i I.

Since the exposures are made under rather high light and heat conditions, the rubber, if conflnuously expos d, tends to deteriorate rapidly.

lbrthisreasonlprefertouseaninert fiuid' rather than air and to circulate this through the space between the rubber negative and the glass cylinder. 'niis fluid may be an inert gas or a liquid such as water.

The whole device containing the mac n is then rotated at a uniform rate before a light source for as long a time. as may be required for the exposure, depending on the intensity of the light and sensitivity of the particular coating on the article if. The light passes through the glass which is unobstructed and through the negative producing a print on the sensitized siu'face.

l. A method of making upon a thin sheet of translucent, elastic rubber an image strongly adherentthereto and capable of contracting and expanding therewith that comprises holding said rubber sheet with its surface smooth,. applying a metallic resist material to saidsheet, applying a photographic layer to said resist material, forming a stencil relief image in the photographic layer, treating the material with a solvent for the resist material which removes such resist material where exposed through the photographically formed stencil, then applying to the rubber areas thus laid bare a stain capable of adhering to the rubber. and capable of contracting and expanding therewith, and then removing the remaining portions of the resist and photographic layers.

2. A method of making an imageupon a thin sheet of translucent, elastic rubber carrying a layer of metallic resist material and a sensitive photographic layer. thereon that comprises forming photographically astencil image in the last with such surface and then removing the re- {naming portions of the resist and photographic ayers.

3. A method of making an image upon a .thin sheet of translucent,'elastic rubber carrying a removable layer of a metal foil and a sensitive photographic layer thereon, that comprises forming photographically a stencil image in the last named layer, laying bare portions of the metal foil, submitting the surface to a chemical agent which attacks the foil but not the photographic layer nor the rubber whereby. the portions of foil laid bare through the photographically formed stencil are removed, submitting the surface to a solution including dye, rubber and a volatile solvent for rubber whereby there is formed on the portions of the rubber surface laid bare through so the foil and photographic layers a dye image firmly adherent to the rubber and freely distortable with the rubber, and then removing the remaining portions of the foil and photographic layers.

smxsnnm stunner.