US220148A - Improvement in manufacture of aluminium - Google Patents
Improvement in manufacture of aluminium Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US220148A US220148A US220148DA US220148A US 220148 A US220148 A US 220148A US 220148D A US220148D A US 220148DA US 220148 A US220148 A US 220148A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- aluminium
- crucible
- improvement
- manufacture
- alum
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 title description 16
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 16
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 16
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 12
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229940037003 alum Drugs 0.000 description 8
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 8
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate dianion Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241001397173 Kali <angiosperm> Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002075 main ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B21/00—Obtaining aluminium
- C22B21/02—Obtaining aluminium with reducing
Definitions
- My invention consists in economically manufacturing aluminium bysubjecting a mixture of alum, carbonate of soda or equivalent al kali, charcoal or pulverized coal, and common salt to heat in a crucible or furnace, as described hereinafter.
- I dissolve alum in hot water and mix with the solution carbonate of soda. This mixture, after the water has been evaporated, constitutes the main ingredient in manufacturing aluminium. I mix the preparation of alum and soda with pulverized charcoal and common salt in proportions which may be varied to some extent.
- Pulverized coal may be used in place otcharcoal but I have succcededbest with the latter.
Description
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
JAMES S. HOWARD, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO FRANK G. BATES, OF SAME PLACE; SAID BATES ASSIGNOR OF TWO- THIRDS OF HIS RIGHT TO THOMAS CUNNINGHAM, LUCIAN BROWN, GEORGE BROWN, HORATIO B. LINCOLN, FRANK P. PENDLETON, AND HERMAN G. CUNNINGHAM, TRADING AS JAMES SMITH 817 CO., ALSO OF SAME PLACE-ONE-NINTH TO EACH.
IMPROVEMENT I N MANUFACTURE OF ALUMINIUM.
Specificationforming part of Letters Patent No. 220, [48, dated September 30, 1879; application filed April 1, 1879.
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that I, JAMES SPooNER How- ARD, of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, have in- "ented a new and useful Improvement in the Production of Aluminium, of which the follow ing is a specification.
My invention consists in economically manufacturing aluminium bysubjecting a mixture of alum, carbonate of soda or equivalent al kali, charcoal or pulverized coal, and common salt to heat in a crucible or furnace, as described hereinafter. a
In carrying out my invention, I dissolve alum in hot water and mix with the solution carbonate of soda. This mixture, after the water has been evaporated, constitutes the main ingredient in manufacturing aluminium. I mix the preparation of alum and soda with pulverized charcoal and common salt in proportions which may be varied to some extent.
I may remark, however, that good results have been obtained by combining three ounces of salt and one of charcoal with every pound of the above preparation. I place this mixture in a crucible and the latter in afurnace, which should be maintained" at about the temperature required to melt copper. Care should be taken to close the crucible with an appropriate cover, to prevent, as far as possible, the escape of the gases.
The time occupied in the production of the aluminium by this process varies considerably. Sometimes I have produced it after the crucible has been in the furnace for fifteen minutes. At other times it has required twenty -five minutes, and at others a much longer time.
In order to determine when the product has been completed, I slightly raise the cover of the crucible from time to time, and if I find that the gases evolved have a bluish tint the crucible may be removed from the furnace and the contents of the crucible poured out, among these contents being the aluminium.
Pulverized coal may be used in place otcharcoal but I have succcededbest with the latter.
I claim as my invention- The mode described of manufacturing aluminium, the said mode consisting in subjecting a mixture of alum and carbonate of soda, or equivalent alkali, combined with charcoal and salt, to heat in a crucible or furnace, substantially as described.
In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.
JAMES SPOONER HOWARD.
Witnesses:
HENRY Howson, J12, HARRY SMITH.
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US220148A true US220148A (en) | 1879-09-30 |
Family
ID=2289549
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US220148D Expired - Lifetime US220148A (en) | Improvement in manufacture of aluminium |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US220148A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2016057848A1 (en) * | 2014-10-08 | 2016-04-14 | Parker Robert M | Heated shelf apparatus and freeze dry cart using same |
-
0
- US US220148D patent/US220148A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2016057848A1 (en) * | 2014-10-08 | 2016-04-14 | Parker Robert M | Heated shelf apparatus and freeze dry cart using same |
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