US2189305A - Electric discharge device - Google Patents

Electric discharge device Download PDF

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Publication number
US2189305A
US2189305A US228900A US22890038A US2189305A US 2189305 A US2189305 A US 2189305A US 228900 A US228900 A US 228900A US 22890038 A US22890038 A US 22890038A US 2189305 A US2189305 A US 2189305A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
electrodes
circuit
electrons
electrode
emissive
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US228900A
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English (en)
Inventor
Vladimir K Zworykin
Malter Louis
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
RCA Corp
Original Assignee
RCA Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE419669D priority Critical patent/BE419669A/xx
Priority to NL49345D priority patent/NL49345C/xx
Priority claimed from US61680A external-priority patent/US2150573A/en
Priority to DER98465D priority patent/DE712632C/de
Application filed by RCA Corp filed Critical RCA Corp
Priority to US228900A priority patent/US2189305A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2189305A publication Critical patent/US2189305A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/68—Tubes specially designed to act as oscillator with positive grid and retarding field, e.g. for Barkhausen-Kurz oscillators
    • H01J25/72—Tubes specially designed to act as oscillator with positive grid and retarding field, e.g. for Barkhausen-Kurz oscillators in which a standing wave or a considerable part thereof is produced along an electrode, e.g. Clavier tube
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/50—Magnetrons, i.e. tubes with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/76—Dynamic electron-multiplier tubes, e.g. Farnsworth multiplier tube, multipactor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
    • H03B9/00—Generation of oscillations using transit-time effects
    • H03B9/01—Generation of oscillations using transit-time effects using discharge tubes
    • H03B9/10—Generation of oscillations using transit-time effects using discharge tubes using a magnetron

Definitions

  • Our invention relates to electronic oscillators and multipliers; More specifically, our invention is anelectronic oscillatoror amplifier in which the number of electrons ismultiplied by secondary emission.
  • Another object is to generate ultrahigh frequency oscillations in a vacuum tube employing cold electrodes which are secondarily emissive.
  • An additional object is to couple a. driver circuit which is energized by the emission of secondary electrons to an oscillatory circuit where-'- by sustained oscillations are established.
  • a still further object is to devise an electronic oscillator-multiplier device. employing electrostatic fields only. Additional objectsiwill appear in the accompanying specification and: appended claims.
  • 1 Figure 1 is a schematic dia ram of an electronic oscillator device
  • f. l Fig. 2 is a modified iorml of oscillator utilizing hollow electrodes
  • v A i Fig. 3 is a further modification of the hollow electrode oscillator.
  • r f l The theoryoioperation of our invention involves an understanding of electronic oscillators,
  • theltransit time ofelectrons will be such that ultrahigh frequency oscillations will be established in a tuned circuit connected between the anodes.
  • the frequency of such oscillations dependsprimarily upon the Q magnetic field' strength.
  • the oscillatoryfre quency may also depend on the resonant period of the circuit connected to-the anodes.
  • Fig.1 the evacuated envelope 5! is preferinner and outer, circular walls of this envelope aresuitablymounted atintervals four gridlike electrodes 53. Each of these electrodes is made secondarily emissive. Electros are connected'tog ether by leads 55. and 51. Between these leadsis serially, connected a tunable circuit 59 and an accelerating voltage source 6
  • Thetunable circuit comprises aninductor 63 and a variable capacitor 65.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic illustration of our inven tion in which electrostatic forces only are employed.
  • four hollow electrodes, 93, are arranged to form a substantially rectangular path.
  • Each of these electrodes resembles a hollow L or a hollow irregular T.
  • Electrodes may be a circular section. It will be observed that the several electrodes have three openings at the ends thereof. oppositely disposed pairs of these electrodes are joined by connecting wires 95 and 91. Between these wires, 95, 97, are serially connected a tunable circuit 99 and a battery It I.
  • the tunable circuit comprises a variable capacitor I03 and an inductor I05. The ratio of the reactance to the resistance of this circuit should be high.
  • the instantaneous voltage of the tunable circuit 99 must exceed the voltage of the battery IDI if sustainedoscillations are-to be generated. If this circuit is resonant and has a low resistance in relation to its reactance, the currents flowing in the resonant circuit will be sufficient to establish the required 7 I between successive electron movements or multiples thereof.
  • each of the adjacent electrodes beginning with III are connected as follows: An oscillatory circuit I I 9 is connected to the first electrode I I I and to the negative terminal of a battery I2 I. The positive terminal of this battery is connected to the second electrode IIS. The negative terminal of the battery I2If also is connected to a second oscillatory circuit I23. This oscillatory circuit I23 in turn is connected to the third electrode I I5 and to a third oscillatory circuit I25. This oscillatory circuit is connected to the negative terminal of a second battery I21. The positive terminal of battery IZ'I connects to the fourth electrode II'I. I2'I is also connected toafourth oscillatory circuit I29. This oscillatory circuit is connected. to the first mentioned electrode III. v
  • the first and third mutual magnetic coupling M are of these oscillatory circuits.
  • the negative terminal of batterymentioned I I9, I25 are the circuits which deliver energy to the electrons resulting in secondary emission
  • the second and fourth mentioned circuits I23, I29 are the circuits which abstract energy from the electrons so as to maintain oscillations .within these circuits.
  • the circuit III) and the circuit I29 are suitably coupled by
  • the circuit I23 and the circuit I25 are likewise coupled. No magnetic field is required in this circuit arrangement.
  • the impact of these electrons liberates secondary electrons which are in turn carried around the electron path I3I.
  • the mutual coupling between the pairs of oscillatory circuits provides the necessary feedback path by means of which sustained continuous oscillations are generated.
  • thermionic oscillator may be employed in connection with any of the embodiments illustrated in the figures in order to provide a driving voltage.
  • amplifier coupling may be employed to couple the oscillatory circuits of any of the several figures.
  • an electronic oscillator-multiplier at least four electrodes having electron emissive surfaces, said emissive surfaces being the principal source of electron emission for said oscillator-multiplier, means electrically connecting alternately disposed electrodes, an oscillatory circuit and a source of polarizing potential serially connected between two adjacent emissive electrodes, so that electrons impinge on each electrode and release secondary electrons which pass to an adjoining electrode in a predetermined sequence.
  • an electronic oscillator-multiplier at least four electrodes having electron emissive surfaces, said' emissive surfaces being the principal source of electron emission for said oscillatormultiplier, means electrically connecting alternately disposed electrodes, and means for impressing a fixed biasing potential and asuperimposed alternating potential between adjacent emissive electrodes, so that electrons impinge on each electrode and release secondary electrons which pass to an adjoining electrode in a predetermined sequence.
  • an annular shaped evacuated envelope a plurality of grid electrodes disposed in said envelope at substantially uniform intervals, means ;for renemitted from said surfaces travel in curved paths between said electrodes and sustain oscillations in said circuit.
  • an electrical discharge device an evacuated envelope, a plurality of hollow electrodes supported in symmetrical relation within said envelope and including electron emissive surfaces, a plurality of serially connected'oscillatory circuits, means respectively connectingsaid hollow electrodes to thecommon terminals of said oscillatory circuits, whereby a 'con'tinuouselectron path is established through said hollow electrodes, and continuous oscillations are generated.

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  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)
  • Microwave Tubes (AREA)
US228900A 1936-01-31 1938-09-08 Electric discharge device Expired - Lifetime US2189305A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE419669D BE419669A (US06277897-20010821-C00009.png) 1936-01-31
NL49345D NL49345C (US06277897-20010821-C00009.png) 1936-01-31
DER98465D DE712632C (de) 1936-01-31 1937-02-02 Schwingungserzeuger unter Verwendung einer Roehre mit mehr als zwei sekundaeremissionsfaehigen Elektroden
US228900A US2189305A (en) 1936-01-31 1938-09-08 Electric discharge device

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US61680A US2150573A (en) 1936-01-31 1936-01-31 Electric discharge device
US228900A US2189305A (en) 1936-01-31 1938-09-08 Electric discharge device

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2189305A true US2189305A (en) 1940-02-06

Family

ID=26741366

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US228900A Expired - Lifetime US2189305A (en) 1936-01-31 1938-09-08 Electric discharge device

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US2189305A (US06277897-20010821-C00009.png)
BE (1) BE419669A (US06277897-20010821-C00009.png)
DE (1) DE712632C (US06277897-20010821-C00009.png)
NL (1) NL49345C (US06277897-20010821-C00009.png)

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL49345C (US06277897-20010821-C00009.png)
DE712632C (de) 1941-10-22
BE419669A (US06277897-20010821-C00009.png)

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